OpenFOAM®
(Implementation)
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
stagnation point
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
combustion zone
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
combustion zone
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
oxigen fuel
H2O φ
CH4
O2
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
mixture fraction
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
.
mF
Z . .
; 0 Z 1
mF mO
nozzle distance
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Conterflow Diffusion Flame
.
mF
Z . .
; 0 Z 1
mF mO
φ φ
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
2T n
2Yi
hi i 0 i 0
2 Z 2
i 1 2 Z 2
0 mixture fraction Z 1
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T N
Dp Yk Y Y
c p c p u T hk k ... u k k D k
t k 1 Dt t xi xi xi
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T N
Dp Yk Y Y
c p c p u T hk k ... u k k D k
t k 1 Dt t xi xi xi
Z
xi xi Z
Z
t t Z
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T 2T n Yi 2Yi
hi i i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T 2T n Yi 2Yi
hi i i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T 2T n Yi 2Yi
hi i i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T 2T n Yi 2Yi
hi i i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
Temperature is a function of Z
Mass fraction is a function of Z
Thermodynamic variables are a function of Z
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet Equations
T 2T n Yi 2Yi
hi i i
t 2 Z 2
i 1 t 2 Z 2
solving x times for different scalar dissipation rates
for one defined scalar dissipation rate
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Requirements
ADIABATIC CONDITIONS
thermodynamic properties (NASA polynomials)
Transport properties
Scalar dissipation rates
Solving for 1e5 seconds to reach steady state conditions
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Steady-State Laminar Flamelet Model (SLFM)
Flamelet-Shelves (Adiabatic Conditions)
chemical equilibrium 1 0
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Dependency | Adiabatic
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Dependency | Adiabatic
f (Z , )
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Reynolds-Average | Adiabatic
f (Z , )
fs ( , ' )
Z f s (Z , Z ' )
fs statistical function
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Reynolds-Average | Adiabatic
f (Z , )
fs ( , ' )
Z f s (Z , Z ' )
fs statistical function
f (Z , Z ' , , ' )
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Reynolds-Average | Adiabatic
f (Z , )
fs ( , ' )
Z f s (Z , Z ' )
fs statistical function
f (Z , Z ' , , ' )
( Z , ) P ( Z , ) dZ d
P ()probability distribution function
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
(Z , )
P ( Z , ) dZ d
P(Z ) P( )
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
(Z , )
P ( Z , ) dZ d
P(Z ) P( )
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
β - PDF
~ Z 1 (1 Z ) 1
P (Z )
1 1
Z (1 Z ) dZ
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
(Z , )
P ( Z , ) dZ d
P(Z ) P( )
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
~ ~
β - PDF ~ (1 Z ) Z
Z ~ 1
Z'
~ Z 1 (1 Z ) 1
P (Z ) ~ ~
~ (1 Z ) Z
(1 Z ) ~ 1
1 1
Z (1 Z ) dZ
Z'
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
(Z , )
P ( Z , ) dZ d
P(Z ) P( )
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
Log-Normal-Function
~ 1 1 1 2 2
P( ) exp 2 ln ~
2 2 2
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
(Z , )
P ( Z , ) dZ d
P(Z ) P( )
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
Log-Normal-Function
~ 1 1 1 2 2
P( ) exp ln ~
2
2 2 2
~ ' ~ 2 [exp( 2 ) 2]
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
Summarize
1
~ ~ ~
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
0 0
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre | Adiabatic
Summarize
1
~ ~ ~
( Z , ) P ( Z ) P ( ) dZ d
0 0
Log-Normal-Function
β-PDF
flamelet shelves
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Normalized Varianz | Adiabatic
PDF-functions
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Normalized Varianz | Adiabatic
PDF-functions
normalized
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Non-Adiabatic Systems
f (Z , , )
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Non-Adiabatic Systems
f (Z , , )
enthalpy defect
~
~
H HO Z H F HO
~ ~ ~
additional source term in flamelet temperatur equation
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Non-Adiabatic Systems
f (Z , , )
enthalpy defect
~
~
H HO Z H F HO
~ ~ ~
additional source term in flamelet temperatur equation
δ - function
~ ~
P ( ) ( )
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
PDF-functions – Favre
Log-Normal-Function
β-PDF
flamelet shelves
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Boundary conditions
t
Da
c
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Extension to turbulent flow fields
Boundary conditions
t
Da
Kolmogorov-vortex
c
flame front
Z Z st
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Implementation of a new solver and thermodynamic library
OpenFOAM®
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Implementation of a new solver and thermodynamic library
OpenFOAM®
~ ~ ~
C ~ Z '
k
mixture fraction
~ ~
~
u Z t Z
t
~ ~
~ ~ ~ 2
~u Z' t Z ' C g t Z ' Cd ~ Z'
t k
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Implementation of a new solver and thermodynamic library
OpenFOAM®
~ ~ ~
C ~ Z '
k
area weighted interpolation
mixture fraction
thermodynamic data are provided
~ ~
~
u Z t Z by the flamelet libraries
t
~ ~
~ ~ ~ 2 flamelet Library
~u Z' t Z ' C g t Z ' Cd ~ Z'
t k
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Implementation of a new solver and thermodynamic library
Area Weighted Interpolation
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Validation with a freestream flame
SANDIA Laboratories
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Holzmann-cfd
Summarize
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.
Holzmann-cfd
Further development
Combustion Research
© Holzmann-cfd | 09.02.2014. All rights reserved, in addition for copy, reproduction and edition.