net/publication/316241552
CITATIONS READS
0 131
2 authors, including:
SEE PROFILE
All content following this page was uploaded by Maha Raouf Abdulamir Hamoudi on 19 April 2017.
Abstract
Significant advances in horizontal well drilling technology have been made in
recent years. The conventional productivity equations for single phase flowing at
steady state conditions have been used and solved using Microsoft Excel for various
reservoir properties and different horizontal well lengths.
The deviation between the actual field data, and that obtained by the software based
on conventional equations have been adjusted to introduce some parameters inserted
in the conventional equation.
The new formula for calculating flow efficiency was derived and applied with the
best proposed values of coefficients ψ=0.7 and ω= 1.4. The simulated results fitted the
field data.
Various reservoir and field parameters including lateral horizontal length of the
horizontal well (L), Skin factor (S), ratio of the vertical to horizontal permeability of
the formation (KV/KH), and the vertical thickness of the productive zone (h) were
studied and verified to generalize the suggested equation to estimate the horizontal
well productivity indices for various reservoir kinds. This led to creating a new
formula of flow efficiency equation that could be applied in AHDEB field.
Keywords: Productivity index, AHDAB oil field, Horizontal well, Horizontal well
length
√ ⁄
...(3) √ ⁄
…(10)
[ ⁄
] [ ] [ ⁄
] [ ]
Which for β=1 reverts e actly the value problem but have to be solved
Joshi’s equation. numerically.
Renard and Dupuy [10] modified the
steady state equation to include the Formulation of the Proposed
effective wellbore radius: Equations
Estimation of productivity index in
...(11) horizontal well is directly affected by
( ) ( )
two key parameters which determine
Where X=2a/L, a is the same as state flow direction toward the horizontal
in Eq. 4; cosh-1(X) is the invers well. Joshi [7] developed a widely
hyperbolic cosine function, and accepted equation to estimate steady
effective wellbore radius is: state productivity from a horizontal
well. He introduced horizontal and
( ) …(12) vertical resistances in the arcy’s flo
equation and gave the following
Later, a number of models, both relationship:
analytical and semi-analytical, were
developed using the source function ...(13)
method. The well drainage area was
assumed to be a parallelepiped or
Where α=Kh/µB and RHP and RVP are
infinite with no-flow or constant
horizontal and vertical resistance’s to
pressure boundaries at top, bottom and
flow.
the sides. In general, the analytical
To simplify the mathematical analysis
models are asymptotic solutions under
of the three-dimensional (3D) problem,
some appropriate simplifications and
Joshi [7] subdivided it into two two-
specific conditions, while the semi-
dimensional (2D) problems; see
analytical models are rigorous
Figure1.
solutions of the original boundary
The total flow into the horizontal The pressure at the drainage
well is having the following boundary Pe is:
components:
1.) Flow into a horizontal well in a √
[ ] …(14)
horizontal plane.
The pressure drop between the (in a horizontal plane, Fig. 2) are
drainage boundary and ell ΔP is the equated. This reduces to:
same as Pe defined in Eq. 14 because
wellbore pressure is assumed to be √ …(17)
zero. Substituting this into Darcy's
porous-medium equation, we can show where a and b are major and minor
it to be: axes of a drainage ellipse. Moreover,
+L/2 and –L/2 represent foci of a
⁄
√
…(15) drainage ellipse. Hence, using
[ ] properties of an ellipse, we can show
that:
here Δr is the ell half-length (L/2).
√ ⁄ …(18)
⁄
√ ⁄
…(16)
[ ] Using an electrical analog concept,
⁄
flow resistance in a horizontal
direction is given as:
Eq. 16 represents flow to a horizontal
well from a horizontal plane. √ ⁄
To calculate horizontal-well drainage [ ⁄
] …(19)
radius, reH, areas of a circle and ellipse
Fig. 2: Schematic Potential Flow to a Horizontal Well: Horizontal Plane and Vertical Plane [3]
...(20)
The influence of vertical flow in
horizontal wells is closely linked to
In this equation, the term in the relation between reservoir thickness
denominator refers to horizontal flow. and wellbore length, h/L, which means,
Flow in a horizontal well is the same the lower h/L is, the lower the
as flow in a vertical well rotated ninety influence of this type of flow is.
degree. We can state that re for vertical Applying this concept to Eq. 21, we
well is equivalent to h/2 for a obtain:
( )[ √ ( ⁄
) ] …(26) Also, according to Peaceman’s
transformation, the equivalent vertical
The above relationships were height must be:
developed for isotropic reservoirs
( ). In many reservoirs, the eq √ …(30)
vertical permeability is less than the
horizontal permeability. In really All these expressions are based on
anisotropic reservoirs, it is possible to Muskat’s [9] original ork on
have a higher vertical permeability permeability anisotropy. Thus, the
than the effective horizontal second logarithmic expression in the
permeability. For a horizontal well, a denominator of Joshi’s equation,
decrease in vertical permeability Eq. 27, must be:
results in an increase in vertical-flow
resistance and a decrease in oil
eq
…(31) Impact of Skin Effect on Horizontal
Well Performance
The horizontal well skin effect is
And therefore, more appropriate added to the denominator of Eq. 33,
expression for horizontal well inflow ith multiplied it by ωβh/L, and the
developed by Economides et al. [8] is: anisotropic scaled aspect ratio is called
in the following manner:
√ ⁄
…(32)
{ [ ⁄
] [ ]}
√ ⁄
…(34)
{ ( [ ]) [ [ ] ]}
Which for β=1 reverts e actly the ⁄
Fig. 11: Effect of Well Length on PI of HW for (S=-3) and (Kv/KH =0.5)