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    Método griego clásico, Athenaze

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    34 tayangan16 halaman

    Capitol 15

    Diunggah oleh

    levendonios
    Método griego clásico, Athenaze

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
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    15 H EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (a) oi 'A@nvator elc tis vais eioBévtes napeaxerd{ovto até BéAartay wdzecBat, ‘VOCABULARY Verbs avayxdlo, avayréoo, AvérKaos, dvayKdoas, T compel SiagGeipa, [eGeps-] Sragepd, [eBeip-] BiépGerpsr, diagGeipaic, I destroy etna, etfm, el&a (no aug- ment), etGGg + dat, I yield Nouns h Gnopta, rig anoptas, per- plexity; difficulty; the state of being at a loss Cf. énopéw, Iam at a loss d vadapxos, t08 vavépxov, admiral b voids, t08 vod, mind Cf. &v vo eyo + infin., I have in mind; intend & otpatnyds, tod oxpatnyod, general Hovyt, ths pvrfis, flight Adjective uévos, ~ Adverb unkétt (cf. Vocabulary 3a) + imperative, don’t... any longer; + infin., no longer usvov, only -ov, alone; only Conjunctions ob pdvov ... GAAc xa, not only... but also 15. H EN THI EAAAMINI MAXH (a) 251 Proper Name 8 OeproroxAfic, tod Cepro- toxAéoug, Themistocles “ol ubv obv "AGnvaior év dmopig. hoav mhelorp: 6 5% OeptoroKAAig Enercev abtods wh elxew roic BapBiporg GAA dnkp cfg EAevBeplaes ndyeobar. tig 7’ obv yovaixas xai robs naiBag Kai tods yepoveas eis ahy te Tedonévynoov Kal thy Lahapive éxduicay, viv 7 ’Artuchy kai thy nédwv toig noepiors Korodindveec. xitol BE eic thc vads eioBavres npds thy Lakapiva xpooésevcay Kai napecxerdtovro tg nord OéAartav Waxobpevor, [eloBaveec, having gotten into, having embarked upon] “gy 8 wobt@ of nev tav 'EMAAvov otpamnyol év tf LoAapive cvveNBdvtec ottas EpoBodveo Kote dmoguyeiv éBoshovto mpdc ThY TleAonéwynaov: 8 5 OenotoKhiis &v tH ovveSpio dvactic elnev Bri Ext xai viv Sbvavrar tobe nohepioug vixiaar: &v yep tots orevoic poxduevor ob Svvigovrar of PépRapor tH wAABer zp7iaHar- Sei obv dvarynéout aitods exet ovpBareiv. [x ovvedple, the council dvantis, having stood up —_-Bbvavra, they were (lit., are) able] “oStws elndv ob pdvov todg BAAovg otparmyods Encioe péyecOar, GAAG Kal Kyyehov napa tov ZépEnv Enepwe AdOpa, d¢ AéEovea. St of “EMAnves napackevdtovrar eis guyiv. o odv ZépEns, a5 Evo Sr dnogvyetv bv vH Exovow ot “EAAnves, Povddspevos adrods dg téxicta diagbeipat, Siéyva adtods dvayxdoor ev Lorapivi péyecBar. tav odv veiv cdc pev Emepwe xepi thy vijoov, xehebov rods vavdpyovg tods ExnAovg uidrtew, tig SE éxéAzvce ovidrtew t& oteves Gore ynkér eEeivan toig “EAAnoww dnonhetv.” [.68pq, secretly lg ace. for tye, he learned Bréyvo, decided vv... vedv tic phy ... tlig 52, some of the ships... others todg Exxdovg, the escape routes] 18 20 252, Athenaze: Book I WORD STUDY Identify the Greek stems in the English words below and give the meanings of the English words: a monogamy (what does yoyéw mean?) 2, monologue 3. monochrome (what does 7 xpjie. mean?) 4. monosyllable (what does 4 oviAoBi mean? From what verb is this noun formed?) 5. monograph GRAMMAR 1. Athematic 2nd Aorists ‘The following common verbs form their aorist indicatives, impera- tives, and infinitives by adding the appropriate endings directly to a Jong-vowel stem without a thematic vowel in between. The participles are formed on the short-vowel stem. We call these athematic 2nd aorists. The aorist of fave is used only in compounds in Attic Greck: Baive, Bicone, éBnv Istep, walk, go Aorist Stems: fin-/Ba- yevéoxn, woooua, tvov Tome to know; I perceive; I learn Aorist Stems: yvw-/yvo- Indic. Imper. |Infin. artic. |}Indic. Imper. |Infin. artic. EBny Biivar Bas, éyvov waver — wods, EBng BAO Basa, Eyes = wae ywotea, Bév, | [two wey, gen, Bévtos, ete. || Eyvonev gen, ywévr0s, ete. Eyvore yvate. eywosay The other tenses of the following verb will be presented in Book II: ory. I stodd; T'stopped Stems: otn-/ora- Indic, Imper. |Infin. Partic. Eory orfvas — ords, Fors ort oxaaa, korn ordv, Forney gen., oviivtos, ete. fomte ovfice fomouv 15. HEN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (a) 253, The participles of nv and Zomy are declined the same as sigmatic Ist aorist participles (see Chapter 12, Grammar 2, page 199). The partici ple of tyvav is declined the same as the present participle of eipi (see Chapter 9, Grammar 1, page 136), except for the masculine nominative singular. Note the meanings of the following words: évéBnv, I went up évéfin6t, go up! évaBiivon, to go up évaBdc, having gone up, after going up, sometimes, going up Eyav, I came to know; I perceived; I learned wa, know! woven, to know; to perceive; to learn ‘wots, having learned, after learning, sometimes, learning ¥omy, I stood; I stopped otfith, stand! stop! srfivan, to stand; to stop otis, having stood, after standing, sometimes, standing; having stopped, after stopping, sometimes, stopping Exercise 15a In the reading passage at the beginning of this chapter, locate four in- stances of the above verbs or compounds of them; identify each form. Exercise 158 Read aloud and translate: 1. &p’ ob Boddeo¥e yvavan xf elnev d &yyedos; 2. of AOnvation, wovtes it of BéipBapor tc te OepponsAas elav Kal xf "AT ‘uxfl npooxopodow, wéihoe EpoBodveo. 8. 8 OeprotoKAfig, otparnyds dv, dvésty Kal tods ‘AOnVatons Eneice Wi eixew toig xoheniors. 4. ot ‘A@nvaior tis te yovaiixas Kai tods naisag eig thy Lorhopive ropioavees eis tic vais eiaéBnoav. 5. 6 EépEng, wobs Str ev vp Exovaw dnogvyeiv of “EAAnves, éoddero averyedoon aitods onfivad te Kal pds th Zahapivn wéxeoBat. ExPnOr ex tic vets, & nai, wal ote ev t zcuan (pier). 8 vabkAnpos tv nada éxéhevoev dvactdvea ExBriven ex tig vets. ai yovaixes eis tiv dyopdv ciceABotau totsoy névre BavpdCovoa. 8 ‘AnéAAaw év toig Aehpois Zon: “v0 cexutév.” orfite, & gihor, nal Ene petvare. SLene Athenaze: Book I Exercise 15y Translate into Greek, using athematic aorist verbs from page 252 with the prepositional prefixes dva-, eig-, éx-, and ém- as appropriate (check the vocabularies at the end of the book as necessary). Participles and infini- tives when compounded with prefixes retain the accent of their uncom- pounded forms, but the accent of compound indicatives and imperatives is recessive. 1. After going into the house, the women were sitting talking to one another. Be silent, boy; stand up and help me. ‘Having gone into the temple, the priest stood and prayed to the god. After climbing the mountain, we stood and were looking at the city. ‘The old man told the boys to stand up and listen. Having learned what had happened (use aorist), the boy went out of the house to look for his father. The women want to know why they must leave their homes behind. 8. Having learned that the barbarians were approaching (use present tense), the women embarked on the ships. 9. The soldiers, whom Xerxes sent, climbed the mountain very quickly. 10. When they arrived at the top (td &xpov), they saw the Greeks, who did not stand bravely but fled away. eanen = More 3rd Declension Nouns with Stems in -e0- In Chapter 13, Grammar 4, pages 226-227, you learned the declension of nouns with stems in -eo-, such as td teizos (stem terzeo-) and 4 zpriipns (stem tpnpeo-). The noun 6 Geyr0toxAig, 108 OcpiotoKAéovg also has a stem in -ea-, but with a preceding e so that the following contractions occur: Stem: eurotoxhe-e0-, Themistocles Nom. 8 Oeunotoxhiic Gen. wi Geuotoxdé-ca-og > @emroroKAéovg Dat. 1 Oemotords-eo-1 > — cmiotoxAct Ace. toy Geyotorhé-eo-a > Oeprotoxhése Voc. & Gxmorixhe-co- > — OxmnardxAerg ‘As usual, the intervocalic o is lost. The last two vowels then contract in the usual ways, except that after e the vowels e+ > &, and not n, thus tiv Geuiotoxhéc. The names ‘Hpaxhic, Meprxhiic, and LogoxAfic are declined the same way. 15. H EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (@ 255 Aeschylus’s Persae Aeschylus, the first of the three great Athenian writers of tragedy, had fought at the battle of Marathon and probably also at Salamis, He certainly saw the battle, and he has left us an eyewitness account of it. Eight years after the battle, he entered his play The Persians (Tépoai) in the dramatic contest at the festival of Dionysus in 472 B.C. This is our earliest extant Greek tragedy, and it is unique in that it has an historical theme; all other extant tragedies draw their plots from myth. For Aeschylus, human events were interwoven with the divine; he saw the defeat and humiliation of Xerxes as the supreme example of hubris (human pride) punished by Nemesis (Divine Vengeance), ‘The scene of the play is Susa, the Persian capital, where the Elders anx- iously wait for news of Xerxes’ expedition. Since he left, they have heard nothing, and their hearts are heavy with foreboding as they wonder what has happened to the host that went forth in pride to cast the yoke of slavery on Greece. As they speculate gloomily, they see Atossa, the Queen-mother, ap- proaching. She tells them that ever since her son left, she has been troubled by dreams and that now she has had a dream of unmistakable significance: she saw Xerxes yoke two women to his chariot, one in Asian dress, the other in Greek. The Asian woman was proud of her harness and was obedient to the reins, but the Greek struggled, tore the harness from the chariot, threw off the bridle, and broke the yoke. When Atossa woke and went to the altar to pray for deliverance from evil, she saw another terrible omen: an eagle (the king of birds = Xerxes) flew to Apollo's altar, pursued by a falcon (= the Greeks), which clawed at its head, while it cowored unresisting. ‘As the Elders attempt to calm and comfort Atossa, a messenger is seen ap- proaching in haste, who without preamble reveals the news they have dreaded: “Cities of all the lands of Asia, by one blow your great prosperity has been destroyed and the flower of the Persians is fallen and gone; the whole host has perished.” ‘While Atossa is stunned to silence, the Elders lament wildly until the queen recovers and with quiet dignity asks the messenger how it could have happened since the Persians surely outnumbered the Greeks, The messenger replies (337-347, tr. Podlecki): Be sure of this, that in a matter of sheer numbers, ‘The ships on our side would have conquered, for the Greeks’ Entire total of ships was only three hundred ten. .. . But the multitude of ships in Xerxes’ fleet—I know ‘The facts—were no less than a thousand, those in speed Surpassing, two hundred seven. This is the total sum. ‘Was it here you think we were surpassed when battle came? No, not by numbers, but some Spirit crushed the host, ‘Threw in an evil fate against us in the scales. ‘The gods are keeping the Goddess Pallas’ city safe. The messenger then describes the battle as follows (386-430, tr. Podlecki): Athenaze: Book 1 But when the white-horsed chariot of dawn appeared And filled the entire earth with radiance to behold, ‘The first thing was a sound, a shouting from the Greeks, A joyful song, and to it, making shrill response, From the island rocks about there came an antiphony Of echoes; fear stood next to each one of our men, ‘Tripped up in their hopes: for not as if in flight Were the Greeks raising then a solemn paean-strain, But rushing into battle with daring confidence; A trumpet, too, blazed over everything its sound. ‘At once, with measured stroke of surging, sea-dipped oar, They struck the brine and made it roar from one command, And quickly all of them were visible to sight. ‘Their right wing first, in order just as they had been Arranged, led off, and next the whole remaining force Came out to the attack, and with the sight we heard A loud voice of command: “O sons of Greeks, go on, Bring freedom to your fatherland, bring freedom to Your children, wives, and seats of your ancestral gods, And your forebears’ graves; now the struggle is for all.” Of course, on our side, too, a roar of Persian tongues Went forth in answer; the moment would not brook delay. Immediately ship struck its brazen-plated beak On ship. The ramming was begun by a Greek ship And it snapped off from one of the Phoenicians the whole Curving stern, and men on both sides shot their spears. At first the streaming Persian force withstood the shocks; But when their crowd of ships was gathered in the straits, ‘And no assistance could be given one to another, But they were being struck by their own brazen rams, ‘They kept on breaking all their equipage of oars, And the ships of the Greeks, with perfect plan and order, came Around them in a circle and struck, and hulls of ships Were overturned; and the sea no longer was visible, Filled as it was with shipwrecks and the slaughter of men. ‘The beaches, too, and the reefs around were filled with corpses. Now every ship that came with the Persian armament Was being rowed for quick escape, no order left. And they kept striking us, deboning us, like tunnies Or a catch of fish, with broken fragments of oars, or bits Of flotsam from the wrecks; and all this time, moaning ‘And wailing held control of that area of sea, Until the eye of black night took it away, So great a crowd of ills, not even if I took ‘Ten days in order to tell, could I tell the tale in full. 15, H_EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (a) 257 New Testament Greek Luke 2.1-14 ‘The Birth of Jesus eyévero 8b év taiig AnEpatg exeivens ekABev Séyno naps Kaloupos Adyototov dxoypéged8ar naécay thy oixovnévay. atitm cnoypagh xpdrm éyévero jyrenovedovtos tig Evpitg Kupnviov. xol éxopetovro névres dnoypdipeaBan, Exaotog eig thy éavtod néAwv. dvéfin BE Kal Twoho dnd cig Todihalag Ex noLemg Nabape® eig thy ‘lovdetév cig néAwv Acid fing Koeiton ByOAgen, Srér td elvon adrdv gE olxou wai norpiig Aavib, dnoypiyootar obv Mapiép th guvnotevpévy ode, oben tpeb. byevero BE bv tH elvan adtods excl ExbfoOnoay al Augpat to ceKeiv adriv, Kal Erexev tov vidv abtiig cov mparécoxov, Kal Eonapyévaicey adedy Koi avéxhivey acbrdv bv gdp, bibt. odk Fy ecbroic thnos év 1 xatadipar. [86yya, order, decree ape + gen., from cnoypageaGat, to be registered, en- rolled (in the census) thv oixovnévny, the inhabited world, the Roman Empire ‘Arepovedovtos...Kupnviov, when Quirinius was governor &xaatos, each Sid xd elvar adtdy, because of his being —martpréig, family, nation, people adv + dat, with Mapriip: indeclinable fi uvnotcouévp, the betrothed — tyxtw, preg- nant éxAfieOnoav, were fulfilled texetv (from tixtw), to give birth tov vibv, the son mpatbroxov, first-born tanxupyévacev, she wrapped X in swaddling bands dvéxMvev (from dvarhive) she made X recline g&tvp, manger, feeding- trough Bx6t, because téxoc, place +H xatakOpan, the inn] kal xoméves Hoav ev fi xépq rfl abtfi dypavdodvres Kal guAdosovtes gu- Danks tig vortd Eni thy xoiuvny adtdv. Kal yyehog Kipion éxéom orbtoig Kal SéEq xOplov nepeAopyer adtosc, wat EpoBiOncav dBov néyav. Kai elnev adtois d deyyedos, “wh goPeiobe, idod yap edayyediCouar dpiv yapav peyéAny trig Koro navtl th Log, be éréyOn dpiv ofpepov uti bg éotw Xptotig xipiog év ndrer Actui3. Kai todto dpiv td anpetov, edpricete Bospos Eonapyevaytévoy Kal Keipevov tv gdtvp.” cal d&atevns éyévero obv tH ayy nAAQ0s otparidig cbpavion aivotvemy tov Gedv Kal ReySveav, “Boba ev byiotors Beh ‘wal éni yiig eipiivn dv dvOpdmors edoxiac.” Iroipévec, shepherds fi x@pq, the place &ypavdodvtes, living out of doors evadaoovres = grhdcrovecs pvhaxds, watches txi + acc, over thy xoluvny, the flock &yyehoc, angel x dptov, of the Lord 6a, the glory Reptéhapyey, shone around —égoBhOnoav, they feared gdpov, fear edayreAtGonat, I announce xapév, joy th Aug, the people éxéx0n (from ice), was born ofwepov, today aarhp, savior tdonueiov, the sign Bpégos, baby, infant toxapyavepivo, wrapped in swaddling bands xeiuevov, lying Halevns, suddenly stparisc, of an army, host odpaviov, heavenly aivotvtay, of ones praising tv dyloto1c, lit., among the highest (things), in heaven eiphyn, peace ebBoxiae, of good will or of (His) choice] Concluded in Chapter 168 258, Athenaze: Book I H EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (f) Ws Sean of Grek lied ther P 12,3 and A Seasations othe kita Be sin Ree "aarales A ey af Zodapive néyn VOCABULARY Verbs avéotny, évaoréc, I stood up BAdato, [BAoB-] BAdya, EBhaya, Brdwas, I harm, hurt Snide, Snddoo, &hAaoa, dnkdods, I show shevdepsa, hevOepdow, ‘Alev8épwaa, Eevdepdotc, I free, set free duntero [= év- + ninco], éuxecobpan (irregular), évéxeoov (irregular), éuneody + dat., I fall into; I fall upon; L attack tninhéo, [nhevo-] EninAes- sonar, énéxdevoa, émnreb- oa + dat. or + el + ace., I sail against vavpazéo, vavpaxica, évavpdynoa, vovpagicts, I fight by sea netpdo, netpdice (note that be- cause of the p the « lengthens to & rather than n), éxe{ptoa, neipdoti, active or middle, I try, attempt miotebo, xiotetco, énlotevon, maotedats + dat., I trust, am confident (in); I be- lieve; + tog, I believe (that) 15. H_EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH @) 259 ovuntace [= ow- + ninta), & xpdyovos, 108 npoyévou, an- Gvprecodpat (irregular), cestor [net-] ovvéxecov (irregular), i oxovdt, tfc axovdiis, haste; upneodv, I clash; + dat., eagerness Iclash with Nouns 8 &y6v, tod dyavos, struggle; contest 4 dpert, tig dperiig, excel- lence; virtue; courage 8 Béprfios, 08 BopéBov, uproar, commotion 8 xbopos, t08 Kéapov, good or- der xéong, in order 1b ubpos, to népovs, part 8 vexpés, t08 vexpod, corpse a vixn, tis viens, victory A naxpls, tig naxpiB0s, father- land } néxhog, 105 némdov, robe; cloth A ton, ts thxNG, chance; luck; fortune Adjectives Bebibe, -&, -bv, right (i.e., on the right hand) nel6c, -f, -6v, on foot Adverb Ravtaxod, everywhere Conjunetion tg, that Proper Names 8 Alaxzb20g, tod AloxbAo0, Aeschylus A Acta, tig "Aolac, Asia (ie, Asia Minor) Mepatxéc, -f, -6v, Persian } E1povi8ng, tod EmmviSov, Simonides “paca oby thy vixta of BépBapor BvOa Kai Eva. fipeccov 76 te atevs guddrtovees Kai rods Exmdovg, of 88 “ENAnvec hodgatov nopacevatpevor péyecOat. énel 8% mpdrov huspa syévero, xpodxdpovv of BépBapor eig th ctevé, moresovres dc padiac pédRovat viriisew tod “EAAnvas, tEaigvns 52 Bohv weylotny 5 fixovoay Sore péAo EgoBodvro. of yep “EAAnvec, Kdcu@ xpdpevor zig udyny mpodxdpovv ai émi rods BapBdpovg nAgoveec tov nonive eBéov. [lvOa xo EvBa, this way and that song] “ottw 88 6 Aicybhog & nomntiis, 8¢ Kai adtds th néxN Rapiiy, rode “EAAnvag noret ént todg BapBdpovs émindgovras: 1 ibaigvns, suddenly tdv arava, the battle ad Bebrdv Uev mparoy ebtdrxtag Képig tiyetto xbopq, Seveepov 8 6 néic otdAog énekexdper, xai napfv suod Kew nodAiv Boy, “b nai8es ‘EAAfvev tre, 260 Athenaze: Book I eAevOepodte napts’, Hevdepodre Sz naidac, ywvaixas, Bedv te nazpdov £Bn, OAKae te npoydvev: vv dnép névewy dydv. frou, here, describes td Bebiav ... xépGc, the right wing ebtdxtag, in an or- derly manner Sebrepov, secondly éneZexdpex, was coming out against (them) raphy, it was possible — dn08, together, at the same time xAsew, to hear Ded: pronounce as one syllable xatphav, ancestral (ta) #5n, seats, shrines Ohxtis, tombs (The quotation is from Aeschylus, Persians 399-406.)] “otStws obv of “EAAnves tH Meporx otpar npooéBadAov Kal ev toig otevoig ovunintoytes Evavpdxovv dAtyo npdg KOAAHS. of SE BepBupor, xainep mhetortig Exovtes vais, odk Ebvavto mé&cars tac vavelv do xpficbar. Karl ot wiv "EAAnves tic mpdbtac tav BapBépov vads | EPAayav A Karébvoav tooadty onovdA npooBdAAovtes ore of PépBapor péAa ofodpevor Expénovto Kal énerpdvro exqvyetv. EvradOa 6h rAetoros éyévero Adpvfios. at yap tv PapBdpav vijes AAAGIG événintov, ai nev EK tig udxNs nerpdpevan exqvyetv, ai 88 eig thy Udynv mpoxopodcar. téAog dE ndvtes of BépBapor Egevyov odSevi Kdoum xpdpevor, of 8& “EAAnves Bidkovtes wAeiatdg 5h voids xaréSdoav- Koi naveayod wiv Av vavdyia, navtaxod 58 vexpot, Sore thy Oddortav odxéq sEfiv iSetv. ot'tas obv tudyovto Eas vot eyévero. [88bvavto, were able xatéddoav,sank vavéya, shipwrecks] “By BE woot d EépEng exaiLero éni byOq twvi éyyds cig Bardens thy wdynv Gedpevos: énicteve yop ds pgSias vixicovary of Mépoat: Ayvéet yap ta Tig Toxng Od8" Eye ti Ev VG Exovew oi Beoi GAN’ cet SBper expiio. [&x0q, hill Hyvbe1, he was ignorant of t& tig toxNG, the (things) of chance, ie., that chance rules human affairs SBpet, insolence, pride] “yobs 8% St vido. piv ot “EAAnves of 88 BépBapor Gmogesyovow, dvéor Kai tods némhoug Eppntev. ev dmopig yep neyiom fv: énorgoas yap td vootixdy odkétr gSbvat0 oitov napéxew to nel orpar peylory Bvti. tobe wev obv otparnyods B 20 2% 20 15. H_EN THI ZAAAMINI MAXH (6) 261 ixéhevoe tov medv otpardy dyew Kak viv mpdc thy ‘Aclav, adtdg 38 énépuyey O38 pbpevoc. [épentev (from pirvour, I break), he tore dnoAéeas (from &xoXAous), having lost GB0pbpevos, lamenting) “ottag obv of “BAAnves tods Mépotis vixiiaavtes thy "EAAGSa Haevdépacay. Kai i xal ev cobr@ tO Eye oi 'AOnvaior nAelatéic te vais napéoxov tiv "ERMivav Kai metory siikacav dperhy, Gore Beorw dAnPidg Aéyew Sct of “AOnvaior chy “EAAGEa Koooay, Kai ody friota 6 OemiatoxAfig, 8c otpamyds dv "APnvariog péAtotar attrios fv ‘fic viens. [xot 84 kal, and in particular, and what is more fhe.ota,, least] “robto td éntypoypas toig “AOnvatorg wig Ev cobt@ tH noEu@ denoBavotcr Eypayev 6 Eaviéns, nomtig dv tipiotos: ei td Kahéc Ovfionew dperfic uépoc sori wénatov, iuiv &x néveov tobe’ dnéverpe Toxn- "BAAGEt yip onevBovrec éhevDepinv nepeiven xetwed” dympdvew xpduevor eddoytn.” [xd éxtypappa, epigram td xahéc Ovfioxery, to die well (this infinitive phrase is the subject of the sentence) dxévewpe (from dnovéwo), bestowed, gave xeprOeivar (from neprri@nun), to put around, to put X (ace.)on ¥ (dat.), as one would put a garland or a crown on someone’s head xe{ueO(a), we lie (in our graves) “&ynpévte (cf. 1d ‘pac, old age), ageless edAoyin, praise, eulogy! WORD BUILDING In the following pairs of words, deduce the meaning of the nouns and the ad- dective from the meanings of the vérbs. Note the change in vowels from ein the verbs to oin the nouns and the adjective: L. eyo — bAbyOS 4. péva pov 2. tpéxwo — tpom 5. ones honovdh 3. xéuno 4xojinh 6, Relnm — oinbs, -A, -ov GRAMMAR 3. Contract Verbs in -o- In the vocabulary list and reading passage above, you have seen ex- amples of two contract verbs with stems ending in -o- instead of in -e- or 40 45 60 Athenaze: Book I 2 __Athenaze: Pook Pn namely, Sniso, inddow, &Aooa, and thevdepa, eevlepdow, ikev@Epooa. “Verbs in -o- contract as follows: Stem: 6nAo-, show Present Active Indicative Imperative | Infinitive Participle Bn6-0> Bho Snhotv Bndb-eig> ——Byhoig_——Bfo-e > Inds-ov > Endav, ‘Snd6-e> Bnrot Bhdov Snhd-ovea > Enrotca, SmAd-ouev> —_EnRodev Sndé-ov > Snrody, Bydd-eve> ——Byhotre EnPd-exe > gen, BrLoBveog ByAs-ovorly) > Bndodouly) Syroore Present Middle Shown here in contracted forms only Snodpon SndodoBet Bndodpevos, -n, -ov Snot Brod Sndodron SndoiueBa SnotaBe Srhobobe Sndodvean Imperfect Active Imperfect Middle t-Bffho-ov > eBihow 88ydo-S-ynv > — endosuny e-Bfiho-e5 > eBAROUG B8nAd-e-00 > eBrod é-BAho-e > aBAROD BSndd-c-10 > — &Bydodt0 E-ByAb-onev > eSqoduev tGno-b-peBe > endodueda eSyAd-ete > d6nAobte 2Bydd-c-08e > EByhodaBe t-Bfiko-ov > — eBffhowv B8nAb-0-v10 > EBndodvs0 The following rules for these contractions may be observed: 1. 0+ e,0,0rov> ov. 2, o+e,ouorn> or 3. ofnora>o. ‘There are only a few contract verbs in -o-; examples are épéo, I plow, inhba, I show, éhevepsa, I free, set free, Sovddw, I enslave, and xinpde, I fill. ‘The futures and aorists obey the usual rules for contract verbs, lengthening the stem vowel. Exercise 155 Locate four examples of -o- contract verbs in reading passage f in this chapter and identify the form of each. 15. H EN THI EZAAAMINI MAXH (8) 263. Exercise 15e Make two photocopies of the Verb Charts on pages 282 and 283 and on one set fill in the forms of dnAdw that you have learned to date in the active voice and on the other, in the middle voice. Contract Nouns of the 2nd Declension, A few nouns of the 2nd declension with stems ending in -oo- show the same process of contraction as is seen in the verbs above. Stem: voo-, mind Singular Plural Nom. 6 v6o4> voids oi voor> vel Gen. 103 véov> 0d tOv véwv > vav Dat. vop> ve roig voor > voi Acc. tov véo-v > vow sodg vbog> vos Voc. 5 vée> wo & voor> vot Exercise 156 Read aloud and translate: orpamyds tk ANB yobs xé&veo. tH Shue Snhoi. ol nohéuot tiv xéAty ERévees tobs volKous (inhabitants) Sovhotaw. Bei dev pets wdyeoBan, db dvBpec, Kal EdevBepodv thy naxplSa. ‘thy dpethy Sndobre fy del éBAAowv ol mpdyovor. of drAizan, cadre yvbvtec, ois noheplorg xpooéBarov xai thelomyy dperhy Snhodwtes tiv néAw Hevdépaoav al bv vO kyer d SkoEng: bv vb kyet nitoav thy 'EAAGSa Sovdodv. twig "EMAnat Boke toss te BapBdipous cuivetv Kal tiv “Aciav HevdepGoar. More Numbers ‘You have already learned the cardinals 1-10 and the ordinals 1st- 10th (see Chapter 8, Grammar 5, page 128). You should learn to recognize the following cardinals and ordinals, including the cardinals on page 264: ree ae un tvbexa uth évBéKatog, -1, -ov 2 BddeKa 12th BudeKarr0g, 20 etkoou(v) 20th, eixootds, -f, -6v 100 éxardv 100th é dG,

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