r FORM TP 2017012

TEST CODE OI253O2O

JANUARY 2OI7
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CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL
CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE@
EXAMINATION

HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY

Paper 02 - General Proficiency

2 hours

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

I This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.

2 Answer ALL questions.

J Do NOT write in the margins.

4 Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

5 Each question is worth l5 marks.

6 If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

7 If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly
in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant,
include the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright @ 2015 Caribbean Examinations Council

ffi All rights reserved.

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SECTION A

AnswerALL questions in this section.

Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

1 (a) Thble I shows data on problems associated with persons who abuse drugs.

TABLE 1: PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS

Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana

7o uSers 7o uSerS 7o uSers

Had issues with family and friends 17 32 l9

Missed classes 29 9 27

Been in trouble with the law ) 3 l9

Been in fights l3 4 73

Done something illegal to obtain drugs 4 7 22

(i) Identify the drug that has the MOST NEGATIVE impact on the user,

(1 mark)

(ii) Which TWO drugs have the GREATEST impact on users' relationships with friends
and family, and academic life?

(2 marks)

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 r (b)
5

Table 2 shows the gender and monthly income of those persons in Table
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I on page 4.

TABLE 2: CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS WHO ABUSE DRUGS

Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana

Characteristics
7o uSerS 7o uSerS 7o uSerS

Gender
Male 79 68 58
Female 62 20 l0

Monthly Income
<$250 50 8 8
$2s0-$800 62 2t 7
$801-$1600 73 t3 ll
>$l 600 t) 3l l5

(i) Which gender is MOST likely to engage in substance abuse?

(1 mark)

(ii) Which substance is MOST likely to be abused by persons from all economic
backgrounds?

(1 mark)

(iii) Which income bracket shows the HIGHEST levels of drug abuse?

(1 mark)

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(c) (i) Portia has been overweight for about 20 years. Suggest THREE health problems
that she could develop as a result of her excess weight.

(3 marks)

(ii) The doctor tells Portia that she is suffering from malnutrition. Explain to Portia
how it is possible to be overweight and suflering from malnutrition.

(3 marks)

(iii) The doctor advises Portia to eat more fruits and vegetables. Of what benefit would
fruits and vegetables be to her?

(3 marks)

Total 15 marks
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2. (a) Figure I
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is a concept map depicting the process of photosynthesis.

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(i)

Uses (rv)
Green Sunlight

Contain a (ii) In the form of

Leaves
(iii) Food
To make
Ifave

Plants

Figure l. Concept map of photosynthesis

Complete the concept map by writing the correct labels for (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv).

(i)

(i i)

(iii)

(iv)
(4 marks)

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(b) Figure 2 shows part of the carbon cycle

CO, in the
atmosphere
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E Microbial 6t
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decomposition of r0
organic matter q)
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Death
Oil relineries Green plants Animals

Figure 2.Part of the carbon cycle

(i) At what stage in the cycle does carbon dioxide enter the food chain?

(1 mark)

(ii) At what stage in the cycle are humans having a MAJOR effect on the carbon cycle?

(l mark)

(c) (i) Farmer Singh wants to improve the nitrogen content of his farmland. State TWO
reasons why it is important for plants to have adequate amounts of nitrogen.

(2 marks)

(ii) Name TWO types of bacteria which provide nitrogen, when present in soils.

(2 marks)

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Farmer Singh's garden borders a river. He is concerned that his farming activities
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will
result in the pollution of the river.

(i) Suggest THREE pollutants that may run offfrom the garden into the river

(3 marks)

(ii) Outline TWO effects of the pollutants on living organisms

(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. Bone is a living tissue. One of its functions is to protect the internal organs.

(a) (i) State ONE function of bone, other than the protection of internal organs.

(1 mark)

(ii) State TWO functions of the human vertebral column

(2 marks)

(b) Table 3 shows information on bone and cartilage. Complete Table 3 by writing the correct
answers at (i), (ii) and (iii).

TABLE 3: INFORMATION ON BONB AND CARTILAGE

Bone Cartilage
Location Found throughout the body (i)

Structure (ii) Cells within a tough, flexible matrix

Function Protection of internal organs (iii)

(3 marks)
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 r (c)
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During a football match, Chades Puyol twists his ankle, falls and injures his knee which
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later becomes swollen.

(i) Identifr the type ofjoint that is found in the knee region and describe the movement
associated with this type ofjoint.

Type ofjoint ......

Movement
(2 marks)

(ii) Several days later, Puyol's hip is extremely painful. Describe the difference, in
terms of movement, between the joint at the hip region and the joints between the
bones ofthe skull.

(2 marks)

(d) Lack of vitamin D results in bone disease in children. This disease results in bone being
unable to become hard and, as a result, the limbs become bent.

(i) Explain why vitamin D is necessary for proper bone formation and name the
disease that occurs as a result of its deficiency.

Name of disease
(4 marks)

(ii) Large intakes of carbonated beverages have an effect on bones similar to that
caused by a vitamin D deficiency. Suggest which mineral is MOST likely being
lost from the bone.

(1 mark)

Total 15 marks

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4- (a) (i) Some nerves are considered sensory and others motor. Distinguish between the
following terms:

a Nerves and neurones

a Sensory and motor neurones

(4 marks)

(ii) Identify the term used to describe the area where two neurones meet, and the
chemical used to convey an electrical signal from one cell to the other.

Area where two neurones meet

Chemical
(2 marks)

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(b) (i) Maria reaches out to pick a beautiful rose. Her thumb is pricked by a thorn and
she instantly releases the plant. Suggest the type of reflex action, spinal or cranial,
that causes her to release the plant, and briefly outline the FOUR steps involved
in a reflex action.

Type of reflex action

Steps

(5 marks)

(ii) Unlike the nervous system, the endocrine system uses hormones to coordinate
actions in the human body.

Maria's period has just ended. Name the TWO pituitary hormones that will be
releasedwithin the next 16 days, and explain to Maria ONE function of EACH
hormone.

Name of hormone

Function

Name of hormone

Function

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B
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AnswerALL questions in this section.

s. (a) State TWO cardiovascular diseases that occur as a result of poor diets and explain how
these diseases develop.

Name of diseases .....

How the diseases develop

(6 marks)

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 r (b) PeterisobeseandhasdevelopedType2diabetes.
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Hisdoctorsaysthateventhoughhis
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body is producing insulin, the insulin receptors are resistant to insulin. Suggest TWO signs
or symptoms that Peter may be experiencing, and TWO ways that Peter could manage the
disease.

Signs/symptoms

Managing diabetes

(4 marks)

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(c) Table 4 shows the percentage of persons within three age groups who smoke and are obese.
Smoking and obesity both increase the risk of heart attacks.

TABLE 4: PERCENTAGE OF PERSONS WHO SMOKE AND ARE OBESE

Percentage ofPersons

Age Grcups tu24 25-34 3544

Smokers 9.1 14.8 23.7

Obese 28.4 44.5 54.8

Study the information in Thble 4 and identify the age group that has the GREATEST risk
for developing a heart attack, and discuss how smoking can increase the risk of a heart
attack.

(5 marks)

Total 15 marks

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The accumulation of garbage poses a major threat to the environment. Governments are having
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challenges finding ways to reduce the amount of garbage generated. Landfills are currently being
used.

(a) State ONE advantage and TWO disadvantages associated with the use of landfills

Advantage

Disadvantages

(3 marks)

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Explain THREE differences between a dump and a landfill.

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(6 marks)

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(c) Name and explain THREE measures which could be used to controlthe volume of solid
waste within your community.

(6 marks)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORI( ON THIS TEST.

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