TK4203

Peralatan Proses

Dr. I Dewa Gede Arsa Putrawan

KK Perancangan & Pengembangan Produk
Teknik Kimia - ITB

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/1

Alat Proses

1-May-18 TK4203 2

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 Alat Proses
• Reaktor
• Penggerak dan penyimpan fluida (pompa, fan,
blower, kompresor, tangki)
• Pemindah panas (pipa ganda, shell & tube, pelat,
evaporator)
• Pemisah (kolom distilasi, absorber, ekstraktor,
adsorber, kristaliser, filter)
• Pengolah, pengangkut dan penyimpan padatan
(pengecil/pembesar ukuran, pemisah partikel,
pengangkut padatan, bin/silo)
1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/3

Reaktor

• Tangki berpengaduk
• Pipa
• Unggun
diam
berpembuluh
terfluidakan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/4

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 Tangki Berpengaduk & Pipa

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/5

Reaktor Unggun

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/6

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 Tangki Penyimpan

1-May-18 TK4203 7

Tangki

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/8

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 Tangki

LNG
Nitrogen cair

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/9

Tangki LNG

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/10

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 Tangki LNG

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/11

Boil Off
• Boil-off is caused by the heat added into the
LNG during the storage and loading/
unloading operations

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/12

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• Higher ship’s operating pressure than the LNG storage
tank
• The energy used by the ship’s pumps, transferred to the
LNG as heat
• Heat leak into the LNG through the pipes, and equipment
• Heat leak into the vessel’s tank
• Vapour returned to the ship
• Vapour displacement

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/13

Dike

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/14

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 Tanker LNG
Cap (103m3) 125 165 200
Length (m) 260 273 318
Breadth (m) 47 51 51
Depth (m) 26 28 30
Draft (m) 11 12 12
Tank (#) 4 4 5

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/15

Penggerak Fluida

Cairan : Pompa
Gas : Fan, Blower, Kompresor

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 Tipe Pompa
• Positive displacement (reciprocating & rotary)
Gerakan mekanik secara langsung
memindahkan cairan
• Kinetic (centrifugal)
Cairan berpindah karena gaya (sentrifugal)

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/17

Pompa Sentrifugal

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/18

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 Pompa Sentrifugal

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/19

Tipe Impeller

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/20

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 Pompa Sentrifugal

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/21

Coupling

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/22

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 Strainer

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/23

Strainer

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/24

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 Strainer

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/25

Piston Pump

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/26

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 External Gear Pump

• Satu gigi roda (driving gear) dipasang pada poros yang dihubungkan dengan
motor
• Driving gear menggerakkan driven gear
• Cairan pada bagian inlet terjebak di antara gigi-gigi roda gigi dan rumah roda
gigi (gear house)
• Cairan yang terjebak terbawa ke sisi outlet
• Cairan tidak dapat menerobos di antara roda gigi dan keluar melalui outlet.
1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/27

Internal Gear Pump

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/28

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 Lobe Pumps

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/29

Pemilihan Pompa
• Cairan yang ditangani (viskositas, tekanan
uap, rapat massa)
• Total dynamic head
• Suction head dan discharge heads
• Keberadaan partikel

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/30

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 Penggerak Udara/Gas

• Fan
• Blower
• Kompresor

1-May-18 TK4203 31

Fan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/32

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 Fan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/33

Fan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/34

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 Fan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/35

Reciprocating Compressor

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/36

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 Pompa Vakum
• Blower/kompresor (bagian bergerak)
• Jet ejector (tanpa bagian bergerak)

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/37

Steam Ejector

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/38

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 Pemindah Panas

1-May-18 TK4203 39

Ragam Pemindah Panas

• Jaket
• Pipa ganda (double pipe)
• Cangkang & buluh (shell & tube)
• Pelat (plat/compact)

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/40

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 Pemindah Panas
Pipa Ganda

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/41

Pemindah Panas
Shel&Tube 1-2
Ragam aliran tube-shell
Shell & Tube

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/42

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1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/43

Main Heat Exchanger LNG

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/44

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 Pemindah Panas
Plate & Frame

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/45

Pemindah Panas
Plate & Frame

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/46

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 Evaporator

1-May-18 TK4203 47

Evaporator
• Media pemanas terpisah dari wadah cairan (dalam
pemanas tubular).
• Media pemanas menyatu dalam wadah cairan
(dalam jaket atau koil).
• Media pemanas kontak langsung dengan cairan.

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/48

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 Evaporator

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/49

Aliran Larutan

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/50

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 Kolom Distilasi

1-May-18 TK4203 51

Kolom Distilasi/Absorpsi
• Kolom baki (tray column)
sieve tray
valve tray
bubble-cap tray

• Kolom jejal (packed column)

random packing
structured packing

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/52

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 Kolom Baki

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/53

Kontak Fasa dalam Baki

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/54

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 Tray

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/55

Perbandingan Tray
Sieve Valve Bubble cap

Efisiensi Tinggi Tinggi Cukup tinggi

Turndown Cukup Tinggi Sangat tinggi

Informasi Terbuka Terbatas Terbuka

Harga (sieve) 1 1,2 2,5

Perawatan Rendah Sedang Tinggi

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/56

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 Random Packings

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/57

Structured Packings
idewa@che.itb.ac.id

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 Kristaliser

1-May-18 TK4203 59

Kristaliser
• Pendinginan
• Penyingkiran pelarut (evaporasi)
• Penambahan bahan lain

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/60

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 Forced Circulation Crystallizer

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/61

Forced Circulation Crystallizer

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/62

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 Filter

1-May-18 TK4203 63

Filter
• Vakum
Drum Filters
Disc Filters
Horizontal Belt Filters
Tilting Pan and Table Filters

• Bertekanan
Filterpress
Horizontal Plate Filter
Vertical Leaf Filter
Nutsche Filter
Automatic Filter
Candle Filter

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/64

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 Drum Filter

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/65

Filter Press

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/66

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 Penyimpan Padatan

1-May-18 TK4203 67

Bin/Silo

Bin bluster

Weight element

Hopper

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/68

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 Bin/Silo

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/69

Weight Element

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/70

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 Hopper & Bin Bluster

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/71

Pengangkut Padatan

1-May-18 TK4203 72

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 Belt Conveyor

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/73

Bucket Elevator

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/74

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 Screw Conveyor

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/75

Pneumatic Conveyor

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/76

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 Pengecil Ukuran
(Crusher/Grinder/Mill)

1-May-18 TK4203 77

Klasifikasi Alat
Tipe Ukuran Umpan Ukuran Produk

1500-40 mm 50-5 mm
Coarse crusher
(60-1,5 in) (2-0,25 in)
50-5 mm 5-0,1 mm
Intermediate crusher
(2-0,25 in) (0,25 in -200 mesh)
5-2 mm
Fine crusher 0,1 mm (200 mesh)
(0,25-0,125 in)

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/78

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 Klasifikasi Alat

Coarse Intermediate Fine

Jaw crusher Roll crusher Ball mill

Gyratory crusher Disc crusher Rod mill
Hammer mill
Pin Mill

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/79

Jaw Crusher

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/80

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 Roll Crusher

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/81

Roll Crusher
(1/2 ton/jam)

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/82

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 Ball Mill

• 4 to 20 rpm
• 65~ 75% Nc

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/83

Pembesar Ukuran

1-May-18 TK4203 84

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 Disc Granulator

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/85

Drum Granulator

1-May-18 TK4203 DGA/86

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