KATA PENGANTAR

Pertama – tama marilah kita panjatkan puji dan syukur atas rahmat dan
karunia Allah SWT, karena rahmat dan karunianya, kami dapat menyelesaikan
“Laporan Praktikum Fitokimia” ini dengan baik dan selesai dengan tepat waktu.

Dalam penyusunan laporan ini, kami banyak mendapat tantangan dan

hambatan akan tetapi dengan bantuan dari berbagai pihak tantangan ini bisa teratasi.
Oleh karena itu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada
semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan ini. Semoga
bantuannya mendapat balasan yang setimpal dari Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

Kami menyadari bahwa laporan ini masih jauh dai kesempurnaan baik dari
bentuk penyusunan maupun materinya. Kritik yang membangun dari pembaca sangat
kami harapkan untuk penyempurnaan laporan selanjutnya. Semoga laporan ini dapat
memberikan manfaat kepada kita sekalian.

Medan, 21 November 2016

Penulis

Kelompok 1

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 DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................. i

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................. ii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Prinsip Percobaan ............................................................................... 1
1.2. Tujuan percobaan ............................................................................... 1
1.3. Manfaat percobaan ............................................................................. 1

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Nama Tumbuhan .................................................................................. 2
2.1.1 Keji beling ................................................................................ 2
2.1.1.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 2
2.1.1.2 Kandungan tumbuhan ........................................................ 2
2.1.1.3 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 2
2.1.2 Cengkeh.................................................................................... 2
2.1.2.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 2
2.1.2.2 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 3
2.1.3 Kencur ...................................................................................... 3
2.1.3.1 Sitematika tumbuhan.......................................................... 3
2.1.3.2 Kandungan kimia tumbuhan .............................................. 3
2.1.3.3 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 3
2.1.4 Lidah buaya .............................................................................. 4
2.1.4.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 4
2.1.4.2 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 4
2.1.5 Secang ...................................................................................... 4
2.1.5.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 4

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 2.1.5.2 Kandungan kimia tumbuhan .............................................. 5
2.1.5.3 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 5
2.1.6 Singkong .................................................................................. 5
2.1.6.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 5
2.1.6.2 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 6
2.1.7 Jambu biji ................................................................................. 6
2.1.7.1 Sistematika tumbuhan ........................................................ 6
2.1.7.2 Manfaat tumbuhan ............................................................. 6
2.2 Senyawa metabolit sekunder ................................................................ 7
2.2.1 Alkaloid .................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 Glikosida .................................................................................. 8
2.2.2.1 Pengertian glikosida ........................................................... 8
2.2.2.2 Biosintesis glikosida .......................................................... 9
2.2.2.3 Struktur glikosida ............................................................... 10
2.2.2.4 Klasifikasi glikosida ........................................................... 10
2.2.2.5 Fungsi glikosida ................................................................. 13
2.2.3 Flavonoid ................................................................................. 13
2.2.3.1 Pengertian dan kerangka dasar flavonoid .......................... 13
2.2.3.2 Penyebaran flavonoid ......................................................... 13
2.2.4 Tanin ........................................................................................ 14
2.2.4.1 Sifat – sifat tannin .............................................................. 14
2.2.5 Triterpenoid/Steroid ................................................................. 15
2.2.5.1 Triterpenoid ........................................................................ 15
2.2.5.2 Steroid ................................................................................ 16

BAB III METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN

3.1 Alat ....................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Bahan.................................................................................................... 17
3.3 Prosedur percobaan .............................................................................. 17
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 3.3.1 Alkaloid .................................................................................... 17
3.3.2 Glikosida .................................................................................. 17
3.3.3 Glikosida sianogenik ................................................................ 18
3.3.4 Glikosida antrakuinon .............................................................. 18
3.3.5 Saponin..................................................................................... 19
3.3.6 Tanin ........................................................................................ 19
3.3.7 Flavonoid ................................................................................. 19
3.3.8 Triterpernoid/Steroid ................................................................ 20
3.4 Flowsheet ............................................................................................. 21
3.4.1 Alkaloid .................................................................................... 21
3.4.2 Glikosida .................................................................................. 22
3.4.3 Glikosida sianogenik ................................................................ 23
3.4.4 Glikosida antrakuinon .............................................................. 24
3.4.5 Saponin..................................................................................... 25
3.4.6 Tanin ........................................................................................ 26
3.4.7 Flavonoid ................................................................................. 27
3.4.8 Triterpenoid/Steroid ................................................................. 28

BAB IV HASIL PERCOBAAN

4.1 Alkaloid ................................................................................................ 29
4.2 Saponin................................................................................................. 30
4.3 Tanin .................................................................................................... 31
4.4 Glikosida sianogenik ............................................................................ 32
4.5 Glikosida antrakuinon .......................................................................... 32
4.6 Glikosida .............................................................................................. 33
4.6.1 Lidah buaya .............................................................................. 33
4.6.2 Sappan ...................................................................................... 34

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BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 36
5.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 36

DAFTAR PUSTAKA