Generic Structure dari Narrative Text

Bagi sobat yang masih duduk di bangku sekolah tingkat menengah,

penjelasan mengenai narrative texts tak usah sulit-sulit ya.. Intinya,
narrative text ini mempunyai struktur / susunan seperti di bawah ini :

 Orientation : It is about the opening paragraph where the characters

of the story are introduced.(berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan
waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)

 Complication : Where the problems in the story developed.

(Permasalahan muncul / mulai terjadi dan berkembang)

 Resolution : Where the problems in the story is solved. Masalah

selesai, --- secara baik "happy ending" ataupun buruk "bad ending".

Kadangkala susunan (generic structure) narrative text bisa berisi:

Orientation, Complication, Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation.
Meski “Evaluation” dan “Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa
ditambahkan dan bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi penilaian/evaluasi terhadap
jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi penyimpulan isi
akhir cerita.

Jika sudah mahir membuat cerita narrative, susunannya bisa diubah-ubah

kok, yang terpenting bagian-bagian di atas masih tetap ada dalam tulisan
narrative sobat.

Grammar Used dalam Narrative Text

Grammar (tata bahasa) yang sering muncul dalam membuat narrative text
adalah:

Menggunakan tenses "Past", baik simple, past perfect, past continuous, past
perfect continuous, atau bisa saja past future continuous. (aturan ini bukan
aturan wajib yang mutlak harus dipenuhi kok. Tidak percaya, tanyakan pada
guru bahasa Inggris sobat)

Untuk lebih jelasnya, lihat contohnya di bawah ini :

Contoh Narrative Text (1)

Sincere Will Get a Great Return

Once upon a time, there was a kingdom named Auretto, all people lived
peacefully there. One of them was Charlita, the king’s daughter who was
assumed as the most beautiful and kindest Princess of Auretto.
One day, Charlita looked blue. Because of that her father got confused.
“What’s the matter my beautiful daughter? Why are you so sad?” asked King
Fernando. Charlita was just silent. She did not say anything.
Then, King Fernando decided to make a competition to cheer Charlita again.
After that, the palace representative announce: “I will make a competition.
The aim is to make my daughter, Princess Charlita to be happy and laugh
again. Everyone who can do it, will get a prize. It will be held tomorrow when
the sun rises. Sign: King Fernando.”
The following morning, everybody came to the palace, tried to give their best
performance. They seemed happy and laugh, but not for Princess Charlita.
She was just silent and still looked sad.
King Fernando started to give up. No one amused his daughter. Then, there
came a young handsome man. “Excuse me King Fernando. I would like to
join your competition. But, would you mind if I took Princess Charlita for a
walk?” said the young man gently. “As long as you make my daughter be
happy again, it will totally alright.” said King Fernando. The young handsome
man took Princess Charlita for a walk in a beautiful blue lake with a green
forest around it. Princess Charlita smiled and looked happy after that. Every
body looked happy, too. “I know why are you so my beautiful daughter.
Now, I promise I will environment green. I regret for always destroying it.
Finally, the environment around the kingdom became so beautiful and green,
full of plants. Then, the young handsome man got a prize from the king. “I
will marry you off my daughter.” said him. “That is the prize I promise for
you. Thanks for keeping our environment well. Thanks for making my
daughter happy again.”

Contoh Narrative Text (2)

The Legend of Rawa Pening

Once upon a time, there was a little poor boy came into a little village.
He was very hungry and weak. He knocked at every door and asked for
some food, but nobody cared about him. Nobody wanted to help the little
boy.

Finally, a generous woman helped him. She gave him shelter and a meal.
When the boy wanted to leave, this old woman gave him a “lesung”, a big
wooden mortar for pounding rice. She reminded him, “please remember, if
there is a flood you must save yourself. Use this “lesung” as a boat”. The
“lesung” was happy and thanked the old woman.The little boy continued his
journey. While he was passing through the village, he saw many people
gathering on the field. The boy came closer and saw a stick stuck in the
ground. People challenged each other to pull out that stick. Everybody tried,
but nobody succeeded. “Can I try?” asked the little boy. The crowd laughed
mockingly. The boy wanted to try his luck so he stepped forward and pulled
out the stick. He could do it very easily. Everybody was dumbfounded.

Suddenly, from the hole left by stick, water spouted out. It did not stop until
it flooded the village. And no one was saved from the water except the little
boy and the generous old woman who gave him shelter and meal. As she
told him, he used the “lesung” as a boat and picked up the old woman. The
whole village became a huge lake. It is now known as Rawa Pening Lake in
Salatiga, Central Java, Indonesia.
Struktur Kebahasaaan Discussion Text

Dalam Discussion text, terdapat empat struktur kebahasaan yang terlihat dari ide pokok
setiap paragraf dalam Discussion Text sebagai bahan pembentuk teks-nya, yaitu:

1. Issue
Issue terletak di paragraf pertama yang berisi penempatan masalah atau isu yang akan
didiskusikan.

2. Supporting Points
Dalam bagian ini, penulis menghadirkan pendapat yang mendukung isu. Di setiap
paragraf Supporting Point terdiri dari dua komponen diantaranya adalah ide pokok
paragraf dan elaborasi atau uraian dari ide pokok paragraf tersebut.

3.Contrasting Points
Dalam bagian ini, penulis menghadirkan pendapat yang menentang isu atau
permasalahan. Seperti dalam paragraf Spportin Point, Contrasting Points juga
menghadirkan dua komponen pembentuk yaitu ide pokok paragraf dan elaborasi atau
uraian ari ide pokok paragraf tersebut.

4. Conclunlusion or Recomendation
Dalam bagian ini penulis menghadirkan kesimpulan atau bisa juga rekomendasikan dari
isu atau permasalahan yang telah didiskusikan di atas.

D. Ciri Kebahasaan Discussion Text

Di dalam membuat Discussion Text, penulis harus memperhatikan penggunaan bahasa

yang biasa diterapkan, seperti:

 Menggunakan simpel present tense

 Menggunakan modalites, seperti must, should, would, may, etc.
 Menggunakan additive, contrastive, dan casual connection, seperti similiary,
however, furthemore, on the other hand, etc.

E. Contoh Discussion Text

Untuk menambah dan melengkapi penjelasan di atas tentang Discussion Text, sengaja
penulis sertakan contoh Discussion Text beserta terjemahannya berikut ini.

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power

Issue
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in various part of
the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station was opened at Calder Hall in
Cumbria, England in 1956.

(Tenaga nuklir dibangkitkan dengan menggunakan uranium yang merupakan sejenis

logam yang bisa ditemukan di berbagai tempat di dunia. Pembangkit tenaga nuklir
sekala besar yang pertama dibuka di Caler Hall di Bumbria, Inggris pada tahun
1956.)

Supporting Point
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine. Nuclear power
produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and produces huge amounts of
energy. It cause no pollution as we would get when burning fossil fuels. The advantages
of nuclear plant are as follow:

(Beberapa kapal dan kapal selam militer mempunyai tenaga nuklir yang ditanamkan
pada mesin. Tenaga nuklir memproduksi sekitar 11% tenaga yang dibutuhkan dunia
dan menghasilkan total energi yang besar yang tidak menyebabkan polusi seperti
yang akan kita dapatkan ketika membakar bahan bakar fosil. Keuntungan dari nuklir
adalah sebagai berikut:)

 It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make. (Biayanya hampir
seperti batu bara, jadi tidak terlalu mahal untuk digunakan.)
 It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect. (Tidak menghasilkan asap atau karbon dioksida, jadi tidak
menyumbang efek rumah kaca.)
 It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.
(Menghasilkan energi yang banyak dari sedikit uranium.)
 It produces small amount of waste. (Menghasilkan sedikit pembuangan.)
 It is reliable. (Bisa diwujudkan.)

Contrasting Point
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be sealed up and
buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away. Furthermore, although it is
reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear
accident ca be a major accident.

(Di sisi lain, tenaga nuklir sangat berbahaya. Nuklir harus di kunci dan di kubur untuk
beberapa tahun untuk mematikan radioactiv-nya. Selanjutnya, walaupun tenaga
nuklir bisa diwujudkan, banyak uang harus digunakan untuk keamanannya karena
jika terjadi kesalahan, sebuah kecelakaan nuklir bisa menyebabkan kecelakaan yang
besar.)

Conclusion or Recomendation
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear power was the
fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.

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