Topic :
A. Temperature
Let us reflect…
1. What are the differences between Heat and
Temperature?
2. Total heat in a sample of molten iron is much
less than the total heat of the water in the
ocean, True or False?
3. What are the scales used to measure
temperature? Still remember the formula of
scale conversion?
4. What is the lowest possible temperature for
substance in which no heat extracted?
• Temperature:
• The degree of hotness of a body on some
chosen scale (Celsius, Fahrenheit & Kelvin scale).
• Measure of average kinetic energy on the molecules
(internal energy) making up a substance.
• Proportional to average kinetic energy.
Temperature Scales:
T = ( 273 + θ ) K
F = (9/5) θ + 32
A. Temperature DNS Semester 1 / Heat & Optic / CKM / July 2014 / 6
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Example:
Let us think…
Thermocouple
Let us reflect…
• The concept of thermal equilibrium?
• Why some substance will heat up more quickly
than others?
• Why some substances will stay hot longer
than others?
Example: fried chicken; fried noodles and
noodle soup
Heat Capacity
• The heat required to raise the temperature of any given
mass of a substance by 1°C. (Unit: J/°C)
• The specific heat capacity of a substance is the quantity
of heat required to raise unit mass of that substance
through 1°C (Symbol: c, Unit: J/Kg °C)
• Heat energy is transmitted from hotter to colder
substance in contact until a common temperature is
reached.
• Providing no transfer of work is involved, heat gained by
one substance equals the heat lost by the other.
where m = mass in Kg
c = specific heat capacity in J/Kg °C
θ2= higher temperature in °C
θ1= lower temperature in °C
(θ 2 - θ 1) is the change in temperature
Example 1
100 g of water at 100°C is mixed with 100 g of
water at room temperature (25°C). What is the
final temperature of the mixed water ?
Example 2:
A copper cooking vessel contains 50 g water at
room temperature. How much energy is required
to boil the water in the vessel ? The mass of the
vessel is 0.5 kg. Specific heat of copper is 390
J/kg°C.
Exercise 1
A hot water tank contains 80kg of water. The
water is initially at 30°C. (c for water = 4200
J/kg °C
a. Calculate the amount of energy that must
be transferred to the water to raise the
temperature to 70°C
b. If the temperature of the water dropped to
15°C from 30°C , how much energy needs
to be released from the water?
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
An iron bar at a temperature of 120°C is dropped
into 200g of water at 10°C. When thermal
equilibrium is reached, the temperature of the
water rises to 50°C.
a) What is the heat absorped by water?(ignore
the heat lost)
b) What is the heat released by the iron?
c) How many degrees the temperature of iron
drops by?
d) What is the mass of the iron bar?
Exercise 4
A 2 kg block of copper at 100°C is put into a large
pot containing 5.0 litres of water at 20°C. What is
the final temperature of the mixture? (c for
copper = 390 J/kg °C )
Answer: 22.89°C
Exercise 5
When a mass of 3 kg water is heated from 15
°C to 100°C in an 800g alumunium kettle,
how much heat do the kettle and the water
absorp?
Exercise 6
When a hot iron bar with a mass of 2 kg is
dropped into 10 litres of water, the
temperature of the water rises by 1.5°C. What
is the decrease in temperature of the iron
bar?
Answer: 68.5°C
Exercise 7
A block of iron of mass 2 kg at temperature
30°C is heated with an electric heater rated
100W for 1 minute. Find the rise in
temperature and the final temperature of the
block of the iron.
Specific capacity of iron = 452 J/kg °C
Exercise 8
Answer = 80.64s
Exercise 9
The energy content of food is given in
kilocalories (kcal). A glass of beer has a energy
content of 150 kcal. If this beer is drunk by a 75
kg ALAM cadet (later caught by RO and
terminate from ALAM), what would be the
temperature rise assuming all the energy was
converted to heat and the student’s heat
capacity was at of human body.
(4.1858 Joules per calorie)
Answer: 2.4°C
Let us think…
• Explain the process of thermal equilibrium when
thermometer is used to measure the temperature of a
human body.
• Explain the process of thermal equilibrium when a wet
towel is placed on the forehead of a person who has
high fever.
• Explain the application of specific heat capacity in
a) Cooking utensil
b) Engine cooling system