Electron Microscope

Members of The Group :

Rahmi Zuraidah

Rima Nur Utami

Risky Dwi Pujianto

Shafira Nurianti

Siti Diana Sofia

Sri Wahyu Retno

Mawa Iman Sugiharta

PRODI ANALIS KESEHATAN

 The Principal of Electron Microscope
Electron Microscope

It is a type of microscope in which instead of light beam, a beam of electrons are

used to form a large image of very small object. These microscopes are widely used in the
field of engineering and medicine.

Principle:
A stream of electrons is passed through the object and the electron which carries the
information about the object are focused by electric and magnetic fields. Since the
resolving power is inversely proportional to the wavelength, the electron microscope has
high resolving power because of its shorter wavelength.

Scanning Electron Microscope

Scanning electron microscope is an improved model of an electron microscope. SEM is

used to study the three dimensional image of the specimen.

Principle:
When the accelerated primary electrons strikes the sample , it produces secondary electrons
. these secondary electrons are collected by a positive charged electron detector which in
turn gives a 3- dimensional image of the sample.

Transmission Electron Microscope

Principle:
Electrons are made to pass through the specimen and the image is formed on the
fluorescent screen, either by using the transmitted beam or by using the diffracted beam.
 Identify of Electron Microscope

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

1. Electricity with high voltage gives power to the

cathode .
2. The cathode is a heated filament, much like an
electron shooter on an old television tube (Catode Ray
Tube). This produces electron shots that work the same
way with the light beam on a conventional microscope.
3. An electromagnetic coil (acts as the first lens),
focuses electrons into more powerful shots
4. Other electromagnetic windings (second lenses),
focuses electrons on a particular part of specimen.
5. Specimens are placed on a kind of copper grille in
middle of microscope tube. Electrons fire through
specimens and produce images.
 6. The projector lens (third lens) magnifies the image
7. The resulting image can be seen when the electron shots touch the incandescent
screen on the base of the microscope. This is similar to the working mechanism of
the phosphor screen from the classic tube Television.
8. Images can be displayed directly through the binoculars on the side or through the
monitor screen which makes the image easier to observe.

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

1. electrons are fired from the electron gun

2. the main part of the machine (where the object is scanned) is the vacuum
3. the positively charged electrode (anode) pulls the electron and accelerates it into
an energy shot
4. an electromagnetic coil focuses the electron shots
5. the other coil controls the electron shot from side to side
6. the shot systematically scans the object's sections to be observed as a whole
7. The electron from the shot strikes the surface of the object and then bounces
8. a detector collects the scattered electrons and turns them into a picture
 9. An enlarged image of millions of times with high resolution is displayed on the
monitor screen.

Function of Electron Microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a
source of illumination. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter
than that of visible light photons, electron microscopes have a higher resolving power than
light microscopes and can reveal the structure of smaller objects. A scanning transmission
electron microscope has achieved better than 50 pm resolution in annular dark-field
imaging mode[1] and magnifications of up to about 10,000,000x whereas most light
microscopes are limited by diffraction to about 200 nm resolution and useful
magnifications below 2000x.

Electron microscopes have electron optical lens systems that are analogous to the glass
lenses of an optical light microscope.

Electron microscopes are used to investigate the ultrastructure of a wide range of biological
and inorganic specimens including microorganisms, cells, large molecules, biopsy samples,
metals, and crystals. Industrially, electron microscopes are often used for quality control
and failure analysis. Modern electron microscopes produce electron micrographs using
specialized digital cameras and frame grabbers to capture the image.

Procedure of Electron Microscope

1. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

Procedure
Transmission electron microscopy has now improved performance to produce a resolution
of up to 0.1 nm (or 1 angstrom) or equal to magnification up to one million times. Although
many fields of science are growing rapidly with the help of this transmission electron
microscope.

The requirement that "the object of observation should be as thin as possible" re-create
some researchers are not satisfied, especially those that have objects that can not always be
at the thinnest. Therefore, the development of new methods of electron microscopy
continues.
Prepared preparation

So that the observer can observe the preparations well, the necessary preparatory stages of
preparation with the following:

1) Perform fixation, which aims to turn off the cell without altering the cell structure to
be observed. fixation can be performed by using glutaraldehyde compound or
osmium tetroxide.
2) Making an incision, which aims to cut the incision to as thin as possible to be easily
observed under a microscope. The preparation is coated with a resin monomer
through a heating process, followed by cutting using a microtome. Generally
microtomic blades are made of diamonds because diamonds are composed of dense
carbon atoms. Therefore, the incisions are formed more neatly. The incision that has
formed is placed over the printed rings to be observed.
3) Coating / staining, aims to enlarge the contrast between the preparations to be
observed with the surrounding environment. Coating / staining can use heavy
metals such as uranium and lead.

2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

Procedure

The way the establishment of the picture on SEM is different from what happened to the
microscope optics and TEM. In SEM, the picture is based on the electron new (electron
secondary) or electron rebound that arise from surface samples when the surface of the
sample is scanned with an electron. The secondary or electron rebound that was then
amplified the signal, then great amplitude is shown in shades of gelap-terang on a CRT
monitors (cathode ray tube). The screen CRTs These are pictures of the structure of the
object is enlarged to see. In the process of operation, GO is not gon na need a sample which
thinned, so that it can be used to looking at objects from the point of view of the three
dimensions.

Prepared preparation

So that the observer can observe the preparations well, the necessary preparatory stages of
preparation with the following:
 1) Perform fixation, which aims to turn off the cell without altering the cell structure to
be observed. fixation can be performed by using glutaraldehyde compound or
osmium tetroxide.
2) Dehydration, which aims to lower the water content in the incision so as not to
interfere with the process of observation.
3) Coating / staining, aims to enlarge the contrast between the preparations to be
observed with the surrounding environment. Coating / staining can use precious
metals such as gold and platinum.

Dibliography
 http://www.brainkart.com/article/Electron-microscope---Principle--Construction--
Working--Advantages-and-Disadvantages_6864/
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope
 https://optikuntukkitasemua.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/mikroskop-elektron.html?m=1