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• occur at any age but most frequently in children and young adult

• onset is sudden manifested by tonsillitis , tuberculosis or the appearance of abscess in


the mouth or skin
• high fever after few weeks
• hemorrhagic feature appear as bleeding from the gums, the nose, the stomach and
rectum
• hemorrhages (bleeding) into the skin and into the fundus of the eyes
• swelling and gangrenous ulceration of the gums, the checks, the jaw and the tonsils
• bone pain
• enlargement of lymph nodes, liver or spleen

NURSING INTERVENTION:
1.Prevent Infection-
• have knowledge to common types of infection associated with leukemia such as
pneumonia, pharyngitis, esophagitis, peri anal cellulitis, urinary tract infection,
sinusitis
• monitor temperature and aware of febrile symptoms like chills, warm to touch,
redness , flushed appearance
• avoid mucosal or epithelial damage by avoiding venipuncture, subcutaneous and
intramuscular injection unless absolutely necessary
• maintain normal bowel function and avoiding diarrhea or constipation that possibly
irritate the mucosa
• avoid foods increase bacterial colonization of gastrointestinal tract like fresh fruits and
vegetables, rare meat buttermilk
• keep perianal area always clean
• prevent cross contamination by proper handwashing before and after patient contact
• avoid close contact with visitors or relatives unnecessarily
• employ meticulous personal hygiene measures by bath daily and oral care
2Preventing and managing bleeding episodes
• monitor platelet daily
• observe and be alert on minor bleeding-petechiae, ecchymoses, conjunctival
hemorrhage, epistaxis, bleeding gums, heme-emesis and stools, heme positive urine,
bleeding at puncture sites, vaginal spotting
• observe and be alert on serious bleeding- headache, change in responsiveness, blurred
vision, hemoptysis, hematemesis, melena, hypotension with tachycardia and dizzeness
• teach patient to remain during active bleeding episodes
• control bleeding-keep injection to a minimum
3Monitoring for toxic manifestations of chemotheraphy
• take vital signs and record and inform the doctor for any abnormal result
• make blood examination results
• weight of the patient
• watch for local irritation in the veins
• watch for any nausea and vomitting
• mouth ulcers
• expect the patient to experience hair loss during anti leukemic treatment
• assess for constipation and abdominal pain
• check deep tendon reflexes
• check for other drug side effects
• encourage patient to endure discomfort associated with the treatment
• promote oral comfort and healing
4. Control pain and discomfort
5. Promotes of coping mechanisms to deal with physiologic and emotional distress
6. Encourage participation in support group to help to diffuse anger and defendency
Labels: leukemia -acute- -nursing intervention

Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. White blood cells help your body fight infection.
Your blood cells form in your bone marrow. In leukemia, however, the bone marrow produces
abnormal white blood cells. These cells crowd out the healthy blood cells, making it hard for
blood to do its work.
Leukemia can develop quickly or slowly. Chronic leukemia grows slowly. In acute leukemia, the cells
are very abnormal and their number increases rapidly. Adult acute leukemia can cause

• Infections
• Fever
• Weight loss
• Tiredness
• Easy bruising or bleeding

Adult acute leukemia can often be cured. Treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation and stem
cell transplantation. Even if symptoms disappear, you might need therapy to prevent a relapse.

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