RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES I
Semestre: 3 Paralelo: 2
Quito - Ecuador
2015 – 2016
1. EJERCICIO
∅ =?
B 12
F=40
B B y
4
𝛃
𝛉
D
C x
D 3
FUERZAS EXTERNAS
∑MB = 0 +
∑Fx = 0 +
∑Fy = 0 +
Dx + Bx = 0
By − 40 = 0
Bx = −96 KN
By = 40 KN
FUERZAS INTERNAS
NUDO D B
∑Fx = 0 +
Dx − CD = 0 Dx= 92,1 D C
CD = −96 KN
∑Fy = 0 +
BD = 0
NUDO B
∑Fx = 0 +
BAy − BCy − BD + BY = 0
∑Fy = 0 + By=40 A
BCy = BAy + BY
7,42
BC. cos(36.87) = BA. sen(36.87) + BY
B
BA. sen(36.87) + 40 9,21
1) BC = Bx= -92,1
cos(36.87) 4
C
ƩFx = BAx + BCx + Bx 3
D
2) − Bx = BA. cos(3687) + BC. sen(36.87)
1=2
BA. sen(36.87) + 40
96 = BA. cos(3687) + ( ) . sen(36.87)
cos(36.87)
BA. sen(36.87). sen(36.87) 40. sen(36.87)
96 = BA. cos(3687) + +
cos(36.87) cos(36.87)
40. sen(36.87) sen(36.87). sen(36.87)
96 − = BA (cos(3687) + )
cos(36.87) cos(36.87)
40. sen(36.87)
96 −
cos(36.87)
BA =
sen(36.87). sen(36.87)
(cos(36.87) + )
cos(36.87)
BA = 52.8 KN
BC = 89.6 KN
NUDO A
∑Fx = 0 +
−ABx − ACx = 0
0 = AB. cos(36.87) + AC. cos(59.49)
−AB. cos(36.87)
AC =
cos(59.49)
AC = −83.20 KN
DISEÑO:
∅= 38 mm
2. EJERCICIO
Ay
A 0,75
Ax
0,4
1,4
2,8
Cx
C
FUERZAS EXTERNAS
∑Fx = 0 +
∑Fy = 0 + ∑MB = 0 +
Ax + Cx = 0
Ay − 2,8 = 0 1,4Cx + (0,75)(−2,8) = 0
Ax = −1,5
Ay = 2,8 Cx = 1,5
FUERZAS INTERNAS
NUDO C
∑Fy = 0 + A B
1
Cx= 1,5
1 C
AC + BC ( )=0 4,21
1,25
AC = −2
∑Fx = 0 +
0,75
CB ( )=0
1,25
CB = −2,5
NUDO B
∑Fx = 0 +
0,75 0,75
−AB ( ) + 2,5 ( )=0
0,85 1,25
AB = 1,7
NUDO A
∑Fy = 0 + Ay
0,4
2,8 − 1,7 ( )=0
0,85
Ax= -1,5 A
2,8 − 0,8 − 2 = 0
0,4
0=0 0,75 B
C
∑Fx = 0 +
0,75
−1,5 + 1,7 ( )=0
0,85
−1,5 + 1,5 = 0
0=0
DISEÑO:
Esfuerzo
Fuerza máximo Área Diámetro
Barra
x𝟏𝟎𝟑 admisible 𝒎𝒎𝟐 mm
(Mpa)
TRACCION
AB 1,7 80 21,25 5,202
AC 2,8 80 35 6,676
COMPRESION
CB -2,5 -100 25 5,642
3. EJERCICIO
FUERZAS EXTERNAS
∑Fx = 0 +
∑Fy = 0 + ∑MB = 0 +
𝐶𝑥 = 0
−1,92 + 𝐵y + 𝐶𝑦 = 0 (7,5)(, 92) + (−4,5)(𝐵𝑦) = 0
𝐶𝑦 = −1,28 𝐵𝑦 = 3,2
FUERZAS INTERNAS
NUDO B
∑Fy = 0 +
4
3,2 + 𝐴𝐵 ( ) = 0
5
AB = −4
∑Fx = 0 +
3
−AB ( ) + BC = 0
5
BC = −2,4
NUDO A
∑Fx = 0 + AC
3 7,5
−4 ( ) + AC ( ) = 0 8
4
5 8,5 .
CB
AC = 2,72 7.5
0 -1.28
NUDO C
∑Fy = 0 +
4
2,72 ( ) − 1,28 = 0
8,5 AB
1,28 − 1,28 = 0 5
4
0=0 CB
3
∑Fx = 0 +
3.2
7,5
−2,72 ( ) + 2,4 = 0
8,5
−2,4 + 2,4 = 0
0=0
DISEÑO:
TRACCION
AC 2,72 80 34 6,58
COMPRESION
CB -2,4 -100 24 5,528
AB -4 -100 40 7,136
4. EJERCICIO
EY=110 [𝐾𝑁]
R1 = -120[𝐾𝑁]
EX =103.92 [𝐾𝑁]
NODO E
∑Fx = 0 + +∑Fy = 0 +
D
-CE-103.92 -EDcos 60=0 110+EDsin 60=0 E
C E
D [𝐾𝑁]
CE=-40.42
NODO ED= -127 [𝐾𝑁] X
EY
NODO D
∑Fx = 0 + +∑Fy = 0 +
NODO C
B D
∑Fx = 0 + +∑Fy = 0 +
A
E CEsin 30-BCcos 60-AC +CDcos 60=0 CDsin 60-+BCsin 60-20 =0
C
20 AC=7.3[𝐾𝑁] BC=-37.72 [𝐾𝑁]
NODO A
+∑Fy = 0 +
B ABsin 60 -30=0
AB=34.64[𝐾𝑁]
A
C
30
DISEÑO:
TRACCION
AB 34,64 80 433 23.480
AC 7,3 80 91,25 10.779
CD 57,72 80 721,5 30.309
COMPRESION
BC -37,72 -100 377,2 21.915
BD -196,98 -100 1969,8 50.080
CE -40,42 -100 404,2 22.686
DE -127 -100 1270 40.212
5. EJERCICIO
FUERZAS EXTERNAS
∑Fx = 0 +
∑Fy = 0 + ∑MB = 0 +
Ax + 6 = 0
Ay − 8 − 6 + Cy = 0 (4)(−8) + (8)(−6)
Ax = −6
Ay = 4 +(8)(Cy) = 0
Cy =
FUERZAS INTERNAS
NUDO C
∑Fy = 0 +
10 − 6 − DCsen(60) = 0 CB C
DC = 4,61
4 10
∑Fx = 0 + 2 ξ3
−BC − DCcos(60) = 0 2
CD
BC = −2,3
NUDO D
∑Fx = 0 +
∑Fy = 0 +
BDsen(60) + 4,61sen(60) = 0
BD = −4,61
NUDO E
∑Fx = 0 +
EB = −4,61
AE EB
4
∑Fy = 0 + 4 2
2 ξ3
2
EAsen(60) + EBsen(60) = 0 ξ3 2
ED
E
EA = −EB
EA = 4,61
NUDO B 8
6
∑Fx = 0 + AB B BC
−AB − 6,92 − 4,61cos(60) + 4,61cos(60) + 6 = 0
2 ξ3 4
AB = 3,7 ξ3
2
2
CD
NUDO A
∑Fy = 0 +
4 − 4,61sen(60) = 0
4 − 3,9999 = 0
0=0
∑Fx = 0 +
−6 + 3,7 + 4,61cos(60) = 0
−6 + 6.00 = 0
0=0
DISEÑO:
TRACCION
AB 3,69 80 46,125 7,663
AE 4,62 80 57,75 8,575
CD 4,62 80 57,75 8,575
ED 4,62 80 57,75 8,575
COMPRESION
CB -2,31 -100 23,1 5,423
BE -4,56 -100 45,6 7,620
BD -4,68 -100 46,8 7,719
Entonces a = 9 mm
DEBER # 2
EJERCICIO 1
∑Fx = 0 +
𝐴𝑥 + 𝐸𝑥 = 0
𝐷𝑥 = −125 𝐾𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐸𝑦 − 100 = 0
𝐵𝑥 = 50 𝐾𝑁
∑MB = 0 +
−𝐸𝑥(1,2) + 100(1,5) = 0
𝐸𝑥 = 125 𝐾𝑁
BARRA EC
∑Fx = 0 +
−𝐶𝑥 + 𝐸𝑥 = 0
𝐷𝑥 = −125 𝐾𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
𝐶𝑦 + 𝐸𝑦 − 100 = 0
𝐵𝑥 = 50 𝐾𝑁
∑ME = 0 +
𝐸𝑦(3) − 100(1,5) = 0
𝐸𝑥 = 50 𝐾𝑁
BARRA EB
∑Fx = 0 +
−𝐵𝑥 + 𝐸𝑥 = 0
𝐵𝑥 = 125 𝐾𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
𝐵𝑦 + 𝐸𝑦 = 0
𝐵𝑦 = − 50 𝐾𝑁
RESUMEN:
𝐴𝑥 = −125 𝐾𝑁 𝐴 = 134,63 𝐾𝑁
𝐴𝑦 = 50 𝐾𝑁
𝐵𝑥 = 125 𝐾𝑁 𝐵 = 134,63 𝐾𝑁
𝐵𝑦 = − 50 𝐾𝑁
𝐶𝑥 = 125 𝐾𝑁 𝐶 = 134,63 𝐾𝑁
𝐶𝑦 = 50 𝐾𝑁
𝐸𝑥 = 125 𝐾𝑁 𝐸 = 134,63 𝐾𝑁
𝐸𝑦 = − 50 𝐾𝑁
ESFUERZO CORTANTE
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ (60𝑀𝑃𝑎)
DOBLE
𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2(𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥)
134,63 × 103
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2(60)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 A= 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐸 = 1121,92 𝑚𝑚2
SIMPLE
𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
(𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥)
134,63 × 103
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
(60)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 B= 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐶 = 2243,83 𝑚𝑚2
DISEÑO
4𝐴
∅=√
𝜋
4(1121,92 𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝐴 = ∅𝐸 = 37,79𝑚𝑚
∅𝑨 = ∅𝑬 = 𝟑𝟖𝒎𝒎
4𝐴
∅=√
𝜋
4(2243,83 𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝐴 = ∅𝐸 = 53,45𝑚𝑚
∅𝑨 = ∅𝑬 = 𝟓𝟒𝒎𝒎
EJERCICIO 2
POLEA
∑Fx = 0 +
𝐷𝑥 + 𝑇 = 0
𝐷𝑥 = 700𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
|𝐷𝑦 − 700 = 0
𝐵𝑥 = 700𝑁
BARRA ABC
∑Fx = 0 +
𝐴𝑥 − 𝐶𝑥 + 700 = 0
𝐴𝑥 = −150𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
𝐴𝑦 + 𝐶𝑦 = 0
𝐴𝑦 = −𝐶𝑦
∑M𝐴 = 0 +
700(2) − 𝐶𝑥(3) − 𝐶𝑦 = 0
𝐶𝑦 = −250𝑁
𝐴𝑦 = 250𝑁
𝐴𝑥 = −150𝑁
BARRA CDE
∑Fx = 0 +
−𝐸𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 − 700 = 0
𝐸𝑥 = −150𝑁
∑Fy = 0 +
700 + 𝐶𝑦 = 0
𝐸𝑦 = 450𝑁
∑M𝐸 = 0 +
RESUMEN:
𝐴𝑥 = −150 𝐾𝑁 𝐴 = 291.55𝑁
𝐴𝑦 = 2 50 𝐾𝑁
𝐶𝑥 = 500 𝐾𝑁 𝐶 = 604,15𝑁
𝐶𝑦 = − 250 𝐾𝑁
𝐷𝑥 = 700 𝐾𝑁 𝐷 = 989,95 𝐾𝑁
𝐷𝑦 = 700 𝐾𝑁
𝐸𝑥 = −150 𝐾𝑁 𝐸 = 474,34 𝐾𝑁
𝐸𝑦 = 450 𝐾𝑁
ESFUERZO CORTANTE
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 ≤ (40𝑀𝑃𝑎)
DOBLE
𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2(𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥)
291.55𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2(40)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐴 = 3.64𝑚𝑚2
474.34𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
2(40)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐸 = 5.92𝑚𝑚2
SIMPLE
𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
(𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥)
604.15𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
(40)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐶 = 15.10𝑚𝑚2
989.95𝑁
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
(40)
𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛𝐷 = 24.75𝑚𝑚2
DISEÑO
4𝐴
∅=√
𝜋
4(3.64𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟓𝒎𝒎 = 𝟒𝒎𝒎
4(5.92𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝑬 = 𝟐, 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎 = 𝟒𝒎𝒎
4(15.10𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝑪 = 𝟒. 𝟑𝟖𝒎𝒎 = 𝟔𝒎𝒎
4(24.75𝑚𝑚2 )
∅=√
𝜋
∅𝑫 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟓𝒎𝒎 = 𝟖𝒎𝒎
EJERCICIO 3
∅ =?
∑𝑀𝐾 = 0 +
Ax(5)-3(1800)-6(1800)-9(1800)-12(1800)-500(15)=0
Ax= 12300 N
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0 +
Kx+Ax= 0
Kx+ 12300 = 0
Kx=-12300 N
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 +
Ky+Ay=7700 N ec.1
∑𝑀𝐹 = 0 +
-Ky(15)+3(1800)+6(1800)+9(1800)+12(1800)=0
Ky=3600 N
Sustituyendo Ky en la ecuación 1:
Ay=7700 – (3600)
Ay= 4100 N
RESUMEN:
𝟒𝑨𝒎𝒊𝒏
∅=√
𝝅
𝟒(𝟏𝟔𝟐. 𝟎𝟕)
∅=√
𝝅
∅ = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟑𝟕 mm
∅ = 𝟏𝟔 mm
EJERCICIO 4
(𝛔𝐦𝐚𝐱)𝟏 ≤ (𝟔𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚)
∅ =?
∑𝑀𝐴 = 0 +
Fx(24)-4(4)-4(8)-8(12)-4(16)-4(20)-4(24)=0
Fx= 16 KN
∑𝐹𝑥 = 0 +
Ax= 0
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 +
-32+Ay+Fx =0
Ay= 16 KN
∑𝐹𝑦 = 0 +
-20+16+Iy =0
Iy= 4 KN
RESUMEN:
Fy=16 KN ; Fx = 0 Entonces: F =
16KN
DISEÑO:
16 ∗ 103
𝐀𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐀 =
60 ∗ 2
𝐀𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐀 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
16 ∗ 103
𝐀𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐅 =
60 ∗ 2
𝐀𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝟒𝑨𝒎𝒊𝒏
∅=√
𝝅
𝟒(𝟏𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑)
∅=√
𝝅
∅ = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟎𝟑 mm
∅ = 𝟏𝟒 mm