Topic: -
Rectangular Patch Antenna Array Design at 13 GHz Frequency Using HFSS
Submitted to: -
Ibtisam Aslam
Submitted by: -
Program:
BET-6A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support
and help of many individuals and University. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
I am highly indebted to my lab instructor Ibtisam Aslam for their guidance and constant supervision as
well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing
the project.
I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & friends for their kind co-operation and
encouragement which help me in completion of this project.
I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention
and time.
My thanks and appreciations also go to my classmates in developing the project and people who have
willingly helped me out with their abilities.
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ABSTRACT
This project presents a new element antenna array of rectangular topology microstrip patches is introduced
to operate at Ku band. The antenna has been designed as an arrays of patches, where number of elements,
spacing’s and feeding currents has been optimized to fulfil the requirements of low side lobe level and
good cross polarization. The operating frequency range of antenna array is from 12 to 18 GHz. The
antenna has been designed and simulated on FR4 Substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. This paper also
presents that, the detail steps of designing and simulating the rectangular patch antenna and rectangular
patch antenna Array, in Ku-band. The design is analysed by Finite Element Method (FEM) based HFSS
Simulator Software by which return loss, Impedance, 3D polar plot, Directivity and Gain of the antenna
are computed. The simulated results are shows that the proposed antenna provides good performance in
terms of return loss and radiation pattern for dual frequency applications.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements 2
Abstract 3
Table of Contents iii
List of Figures iv
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 What is Patch Antenna 6
1.2 . Probe Feed Patch Antenna 6
1.3 What is Ku band 6
1.4 What is Array Antenna 6
Chapter 3 Conclusion
3.1 Features 11
3.2 Recommendation for Future Work 11
3.2.1 Accuracy 11
Appendix-I
Design Screen Shots (Step By step)………………………………. 12
Appendix-II
References
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.substrate 12
Figure 2.patch 12
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Figure 3.ground 13
Figure 4.cylinder1 13
Figure 5.cylinder2 14
Figure 6.box 14
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Patch Anteena:
A patch antenna (also known as a rectangular Microstrip antenna) is a type of radio antenna with
a low profile, which can be mounted on a flat surface. It consists of a flat rectangular sheet or
"patch" of metal, mounted over a larger sheet of metal called a ground plane. The radiation at
the edges causes the antenna to act slightly larger electrically than its physical dimensions, so
in order for the antenna to be resonant, a length of Microstrip transmission line slightly shorter
than one-half a wavelength at the frequency is used.
1.3 Ku band:
The design of microstrip patch antenna, operating in Ku band is a very difficult task. Ku band is primarily used in the
satellite communication. Mostly for, fixed and broadcast services and for specific applications for NASA. Ku-band is also
used for satellite from Remote Location (RL) back to a television network studio for editing and broadcasting. Ku-band
provides reliable high-speed connectivity
between the personal organizers and other wireless digital appliances.
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Chapter 2
Rectangular Patch Antenna Array Design Using HFSS
2.1 Overview:
In Modern Communication Systems the Antennas are the most important components to create a communication link.
Microstrip Patch antennas are widely used in wireless communication systems because of, they are low profile, of light weight,
low cost, conformal design, low power handling capacity and easy to integrate and fabricate. They can be designed in a variety
of shapes in order to obtain enhanced
gain and bandwidth. Microstrip Patch Antenna implementation is a mile stone in
wireless communication systems.
2.2 Flowchart:
Open HFSS
Excitation of surfaces
Results
(Output
splot,polar plot)
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Excitation Technique Probe Feeding
Used
The spacing between antenna λ/4
elements:
1. Create Substrate
• Draw a box with
Name: sub
Box position Opposite Corner
X: 1.642 dX: 1.642*2
Y: 1.416 dY: 1.416*2
Z: 0.0 dZ: 0.147
Assign Any Color to sub
2. Create Patch
Draw a rectangle with
Name: patch
3. Create Ground
Draw a rectangle with
Name: Ground
Rectangle position Opposite Corner
X: 1.642 dX: 1.642*2
Y: 1.416 dY: 1.416*2
Z: 0.0 dZ: 01`
4. Create Circle 1
Draw a Circle with
Circle position Radius of Circle
X: 0 dX: 0
Y: 1.17/2 dY: 0
Z: 0.0 dZ: 1
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SelectGroundandcircle_1and perform Subtract operation.
5. Create Cylinder 1
Material: Vacuum
Name: Cylinder_1
6. Create Cylinder 2
Material: pec
Name: Cylinder_2
7. Create Cylinder 3
Name: Cylinder_3
8. Create Circle 2
Draw a Circle with
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Name: Air
Radiation Boundary:
Graphically select all the faces of the air object except the face at Z= 0.0
Start: 11 GHz
Stop: 14 GHz
Step Size: 0.01 GHz
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Chapter 3
Conclusion
To improve the better gain of different antennas and also to nullify the side lobes we
can go for Phase array antennas. This project explains about a Rectangular patch
antenna and also Rectangular Patch Antenna by Phased Arrays using HFSS 14.0.
For rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design, this paper got a gain of 6.844 db,
for rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Array Design got a gain of 8.5548
db. By using arrays this paper gets better gain. And also return loss, Impedance, 3D
polar plot, Directivity and Gain of the antenna are computed and corresponding
results are shown. The proposed antenna provides good performance in terms of
return loss and radiation pattern and gain
3.2.1 Accuracy
In this project accuracy is the most predictable parameter. We do our
best to attain this task. As future work, it can be increased up to work
requirement in future.
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Appendix-I
Figure 10.substrate
Figure 11.patch
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Figure 12.ground
Figure 13.cylinder1
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Figure 14.cylinder2
Figure 15.box
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For array Design:
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Graph 2. Return Loss for rectangular patch array antenna
3D polar plot:
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Figure 10.3d polar plot for rectangular patch array antenna
Radiation Pattern:
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