2015 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies
MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF MULTI-MACHINE (3-Machine, 9-Bus)
WSCC SYSTEM INCORPORATED WITH HYBRID POWER FLOW
CONTROLLER
Garima Aggarwal Anish Mittal
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Information Technology
C.M.R.A Government Polytechnic
Education Society Sanghi, ROHTAK , Rohtak(Haryana) ,India.
HARYANA, India
email:garimamittal123@gmail.com
Abstract:- The stability of an interconnected power system
is its ability to return to normal or stable operation after
having been subjected to some form of disturbance.
Instability means a condition denoting loss of synchronism
or falling out of step. Stability considerations have been
recognized as an essential part of power system planning
for a long time. With interconnected system continually
growing in size and extending over vast geographical
regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to
maintain synchronism between various parts of a power
system. FACTS devices have shown very promising results
when used to improve power system steady-state
performance. They have been very promising Candidates
for utilization in power system damping enhancement.
Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC) is incorporated
with MM system in the present work as it can be used to
replace or supplement the existing equipments. Usually, it
can be installed at locations already having the reactive
power compensation equipments like the SVC,STATCOM
etc. In this Paper author Studied the power system stability
enhancement by implementing the HPFC in MM System
power system. The system also has the provision of a
comparative studyof the performances of UPFC and HPFC
regarding power system stability enhancement of the
system. Results obtained are encouraging and indicate that
the designed model has very good performance which is
comparable to the already existing UPFC.
Keywords-FACTS, HPFC, UPFC , STATCOM, SMIB , MVA
Ratings, SVC, SMIB, HPFC1.
I. INTRODUCTION
The history of FACTS controllers can be traced back to
1970s when Hingorani presented the idea of high power
electronic applications in power system control. Various
researches from then onwards were carried out on the
applications of high power semiconductors in transmission
systems. The shunt-connected Static VAR Compensator
(SVC) using solid-state switches and the series-connected
controllers were proposed in ac transmission system
application. Several examples of FACTS devices and
controllers are in operation. The common definitions are
given below:
2327-0659 2015
U.S. Government Work Not Protected by U.S. Copyright
DOI 10.1109/ACCT.2015.71
Lini Mathew
Department of Electrical Engineering
VCE NITTTR
Chandigarh ,India
Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS): Alternating
current transmission systems Implementing high power
electronics-based and other static controllers to enhance
controllability and increase power transfer capability .
FACTS Controller: A high power electronics-based system
and other static equipment that provide control of one or
more ac transmission system parameters.
Depending on the use of power electronic devices, FACTS
controllers can be classified as:
x Variable impedance type
x Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based type
The variable impedance type controllers include:
(i) Static Var Compensator (SVC), (shunt connected)
(ii) Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor or
compensator (TCSC), (series connected)
(iii) Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifting Transformer
(TCPST) (combined shunt and series)
These are based on thyristor switched and/or thyristor
controlled capacitors or reactors. Such FACTS Controllers
have limited performance, limited functionality and large
footprint.
The VSC based FACTS controllers include:
(i) Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM)
(shunt connected)
(ii) Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
(series connected)
(iii) Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) (combined
series-series)
(iv) Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) (combined
shunt-series)
These controllers have superior performance due to versatile
functionality and smaller footprint.
A. Introduction to MATLAB/SIMULINK
Simulink is a software package used for modeling,
simulating, and analyzing dynamic systems. It supports
linear and nonlinear systems, modeled in continuous time,
194
sampled time or a hybrid of the two. Systems can also be
multirate, i.e. having different parts that are sampled or
updated at different rates. For modeling, Simulink provides
a graphical user interface (GUI) for building models as
block diagrams, using click-and-drag mouse operations.
With this interface, models can be drawn just as we draw
with pencil and paper. As MATLAB and Simulink are
integrated, so models can be simulated, analyzed, and
revised in either environment at any point.
. stable values, the time taken to attain stability, maximum
II. RELEATED WORK
A. MATLAB/SIMULINK Based Model of HPFC1
This Hybrid Power Flow Controller simulated using a
combination of Static Synchronous Series Compensator
(SSSC) and Static Var Compensator, has been named as
HPFC1 and the arrangement is shown in Figure. 1.
B. MULTI-MACHINE SYSTEM MODELING
The popular Western System Coordinated Council
(WSCC) 3-machincs 9-bus practical power system
with loads assumed to be represented by constant
impedance model has been considered as a test case.
WSCC system is widely used system. Fig. 2 shows
the WSCC 3-machines 9-bus system.The base MVA of
the system is 100, and system frequency is 60 Hz.. This
model finds its utility for transient stability study. The
complete system with all the required components has been
modelled by using MATLAB /SIMULINK blocks
C. MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF MULTI-
MACHINE (3-Machine, 9-Bus) WSCC SYSTEM
INCORPORATED WITH UPFC
Fig.-3 represents the MATLAB/SIMULINK model of Multi
– Machine (3-Machine, 9-Bus) system incorporated with
UPFC and fault occurring in it.
Figure. 1 MATLAB/SIMULINK Based Model of HPFC1
195
Fig. 4 represents the rotor-angle versus time curve for
MATLAB/SIMULINK model of Multi-Machine system
incorporated with UPFC and fault occurring in it as shown
in Fig.3. The total simulation time taken is 20 seconds. It
has been analyzed at various instance of time by varying the
Fault Clearing Time (FCT) of fault. As the fault takes place
in the system, the system becomes unstable. To bring back
the system to stability the UPFC controller has been placed
in the line. As a result the system attains stability. The
overshoot of relative angular positions (delt1_2, del2_3 and
delt3_1) with time for different value of Fault Clearing
Time (FCT) are given in Table 1.1.
III. RESEARCH WORK
A. MATLAB/SIMULINK MODEL OF MULTI-MACHINE
(3-Machine, 9-Bus) WSCC SYSTEM INCORPORATED
WITH HPFC1
Fig.-5 represents the MATLAB/SIMULINK model of
Multi–Machine (3-Machine, 9-Bus) system incorporated
with HPFC1 and fault occurring in it.
Simulation Results of MM System incorporated with
HPFC1
Fig.-6 represents the rotor-angle versus time curve for
MATLAB/SIMULINK model of Multi-machine system
incorporated with HPFC1 and fault occurring in it as shown
in fig-5. The total simulation time taken is 20 seconds.. It
has been analyzed at various instance of time. As the fault
takes place in the system, the system becomes unstable. To
bring back the system to stability the HPFC1 controller has
been placed in the line. As a result the system attains
stability.
 Fig. 2 WSCC 3-Machines 9-bus system

Fig.3 MATLAB/SIMULINK model of WSCC 3-Machines 9-Bus System incorporated with UPFC

196
Fig.4. Variations of Relative angular positions for delt2_1, delt3_2 and delt1_3 with Time for MM
system incorporated with UPFC
Table 1.1.: Steady State Stable Values, Time Taken to Attain Stability, Maximum Overshoot, and Rise Time of
Relative Angular Positions (delt1_2, delt2_3, and delt3_1) with Varying Values of FCT with incorporating UPFC

FCT Relative Angular Time taken to attains Maximum Overshoot Rise Time
Positions (degrees) Stability(Seconds) (degrees) (sec.)

delt delt delt T1 T2 T3 delt delt delt t1 t2 t3

1_2 2_3 3_1 1_2 2_3 3_1

.05 .15 .17 .20 16.56 14.4 17.4 .17 .15 .6 7.62 7.08 7.01

0.15 .15 .15 .30 16.48 14.32 16.88 .2 .175 .8 7.52 7.50 7.12

.25 .15 .15 .25 16.46 14.30 16.96 .17 .18 .7 7.55 7.55 7.02

197
Fig. 5. MATLAB/SIMULINK model of WSCC 3-Machines 9-Bus System incorporated with HPFC 1

Fig.6 Variations of Relative angular positions for delt2_1, delt3_2 and delt1_3 with Time for MM
system incorporated with HPFC1

198
Table 2: Steady State Stable Values, Time Taken to Attain Stability, Maximum Overshoot, and
Rise Time of Relative Angular Positions (delt1_2, delt2_3, and delt3_1) with Varying Values of
FCT with incorporating HPFC1

Relative Angular Time taken to attains Maximum Rise Time

Positions (degrees) Stability(Seconds) Overshoot (sec.)
(degrees)

T1 T2 T3 t1 t2 t3
FCT

delt

delt

delt

delt

delt

delt
1_2

2_3

3_1

1_2

2_3

3_1
.05 .15 .10 .01 16.56 16.48 18.9 .25 .20 .20 7.12 7.84 7.02

0.15 .15 .10 .01 16.48 16.48 18.64 .25 .20 .20 7.14 7.84 7.36

.25 .15 .15 .01 16.48 16.32 18.48 .30 .20 .40 7.04 7.84 7.36

IV. CONCLUSION REFERENCES

Simulation of new combination of FACTS Controllers by
making use of key FACTS Controller such as SSSC,
SVC, STATCOM, TCSC etc. already existing in the
SimPowerSystem library in the form of icons has been
carried out by the investigator . This combination form
the Hybrid Power Flow Controller (HPFC). This
combination had been identified as HPFC1 in [40] This
had been separately implemented and the performance of
this configuration had been compared with Unified Power
Flow Controller (UPFC) on SMIB Power System. The
performance of configuration HPFC1 has been
compared with Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on
MM Power System in the present paper. One test case
MM Power System has been investigated by
implementing the above mentioned HPFC 1configuration.
The performance of the HPFC1 obtained has been
compared with those of UPFC. Encouraging results
obtained show the superiority of the device. After
comparing the simulation results of the UPFC and HPFC
controller it has been analyzed that the UPFC and HPFC
give comparable performance. From the above discussion
it is concluded that UPFC is a combination of two
converters while HPFC is a combination of one passive
component and two converters of half MVA ratings,
hence with a little compromise in performance a sufficient
amount of cost can be reduced by savings in the total
required converter MVA ratings. It is also concluded that
traditional FACTS controllers can be utilized by this
technique instead of replacing them completely.
[1] H. Bilodeau, B. Mehraban, “Overview of a Special Publication
on Voltage Sourced Converter Application in Power
Transmission”, Power Engineering Society General Meeting,
Montreal, Canada, pp 1-8, June, 2007.
[2] A. F. Huweg . S. M. Bashi, and N. Mariun, “A STATCOM
Simulation Model to ImproveVoltage - Sag Due to starting of
High Power Induction Motor”, Proceeding of NationalPower
and Energy Conference, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp 148-152,
November, 2004.
[3] M.S .El-Moursi, A.M. Sharaf ,“Novel Controllers for the 48-
Pulse VSC STATCOM and SSSC for Voltage Regulation and
Reactive Power Compensation”, IEEE Transactions on Power
systems, Vol. 20, No.2, pp. 1985-1997, November, 2005.
[4] B. Geethalakshmi., P. Dananjayan , K. D. Babu , “A Combined
Multi-pulse Voltage Source Inverter Configuration for
STATCOM Applications”, Proceedings of the IEEE
International Conference on Power System Technology, New
Delhi, India, pp. 1-5, October, 2008.
[5] K. V.Srinivas, B.Singh, “Three-level 24-Pulse STATCOM with
Pulse Width Control at Fundamental Frequency Switching”,
IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS),
Houston , pp. 1-6, October, 2010.
[6] A. K. Sahoo, K. Murugesan ,T. Thygarajan “Modelling and
Simulation of 48-pulse VSC based STATCOM using
Simulink’s Power System Blockset”, Proceedings of the India
International Conference on Power Electronics, Chennai, India,
pp. 303-308, December, 2006.
[7] S. P.Huang,Y. J. Li, G.B. Jin, L Li. “Modelling and Dynamic
Response Simulation of GTO-based STATCOM” Proceedings
of the International Conference on Electrical and Control
Engineering, China, pp. 1293-1296, June, 2010.
[8] Jianye Chen , Sahan Song, Zanji Wang,”Analysis and
Implementation of Thyristor Based STATCOM”, Proceedings
of the IEEE International Conference on Power System
Technology,(Power Con2006), China, pp 1-5,2006.

199
[9] A .Sannino , J .Svensson, “Application of Converter-based
Series Device for Voltage Sag Mitigation to Induction Motor
Load”, Proceeding of the IEEE Porto Power Tech Conference,
Porto, Vol. 2, pp. 6, September, 2001.
[10] M.S. ElMoursi, A. M. Sharaf, “Voltage Stabilization and
Reactive Compensation using a Novel FACTS - STATCOM
Scheme”, Proceedings of the IEEE Canadian Conference on
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Canada, pp. 537-540,
May, 2005.
[11] P.K Dhal , C. C. Asir Rajan,“ Intelligence Controller for
STATCOM using Cascaded Multipulse Inverter” Journal of
Engineering Science and Technology Review, Vol. 3, No. 1,
pp. 65-69, March, 2010
[12] Ch. Praing, T. Tran-Quoc, R. Feuillet, J.C Sabonnadiere, J.
Nicolas, Boi K. Nguyen “Impact of FACTS devices on
voltage and transient stability of a power system including long
transmission lines’’, IEEE Transactions on Power Engineering
Society. Vol. 3 , pp. 1906 - 1911,2000.
[13] N.M Jothi Swaroopan, P. Somasundaram, “Transient stability
enhancement with UPFC’’ Proceedings of the International
Conference on Information and Communication Technology in
Electrical Sciences ICTES, Chennai, India. pp. 510 - 516, 2007.
[14] B. Behar, F. Lamnabhi-Lagarrigue, T. Ahmed-Ali, “Robust
nonlinear control of transient stability of power systems’’,
Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control,
Maui, Vol. 1 pp. 294 - 299 ,2003.
[15] Sushama R Wagh, A. K. Kamath, N.M. Singh, “Non-linear
Model Predictive Control for improving transient stability of
power system using TCSC controller’’, Proceedings of the
Asian Control Conference, ASCC, Hong kong, pp. 1627-1632
,2009.
[16] D. Rai, S.O. Faried, G. Ramakrishna, A. Edris, “ Hybrid series
compensation scheme capable of damping subsynchronous
resonance’’ Generation, Transmission & Distribution, IET Vol.
4 , No. 3 pp 456 - 466, 2010.
[17] V.K Chandrakar,S.N Dhurvey,S.C. Suke, “Performance
Comparison of SVC with POD and PSS for Damping of Power
System Oscillations’’, Proceedings of the International
Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and
Technology (ICETET), pp 247 - 252 , 2010.
[18] V.K Sood, S.D Sivadas, “Simulation of hybrid power flow
controller’’, Proceedings of the Joint International Conference
on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) &
Power India,New Delhi,India, pp 1 – 5, 2010.
[19] D. Harikrishna, N.V Srikanth, “Unified Philips-Heffron Model
of Multi-Machine Power System Equipped with PID Damping
Controlled SVC for Power Oscillation Damping’’, Proceedings
of the IEEE India Conference (INDICON), India, pp 1 – 4,
2009.
[20] Amir H.Norouzi, A.M. Sharaf, “Two Control Schemes to
Enhance the Dynamic Performance of the STATCOM and
SSSC”, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.2, No.1, pp
435-442, January, 2005.
[21] Tiefu Zhao, Subhashish Bhattacharya, Alex Q. Huang,
“Operation of Series and Shunt Converters with 48-pulse Series
Connected Three-level NPC converter for UPFC”, Proceedings
of the 34th Annual Conference of IEEE in Industrial
Electronics, Florida, U.S.A, pp 3296-3301, November, 2008.
200
[22] S.Tara Kalyani, G.Tulasiram Das, “Simulation of Real and
Reactive Power Flow control with UPFC connected to a
Transmission line”, Journal of Theoretical and Applied
Information Technology, pp 16-22, 2008.
[23] H.F Wang , “Applications of Modelling UPFC into Multi-
Machine Power Systems”, IEE Proceedings on Generation and
Distribution Vol.146, No.3, pp 306-312, May,1999.
[24] Yixin Ni, Zhenyu Huang, Shousun Chen, Baolin Zhang,
“Implementing UPFC Model into the Power System Toolbox
of the MATLAB for Transient Stability Study”, Proceedings of
the International Conference on Global Connectivity in Energy,
Computer, Communication and Control, New Delhi, India Vol.
2, pp 506-509, 1998.
[25] Nelson R.J, “Transient Stability Enhancement with FACTS
Controllers”, AC and DC Power Transmission, Conference
Publication No.423, 3 May1996.
[26] Arthit Sode-Yome, Nadarajah Mithulananthan, K.Y. Lee,
“Static Voltage Stability Margin Enhancement using
STATCOM, TCSC and SSSC ”,Proceedings of the IEEE/PES
Transmission and Distribution Conference & Exhibition: Asia
and Pacific, China, pp 1-5, 2005.
[27] R. K. Pandey, N. K. Singh, “An Approach for Optimal Power
Oscillation Damping with UPFC”, IEEE Power and Energy
Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical
Energy in the 21st century, Detroit, U.S.A., pp 1-9, July, 2008.
[28] A. Canizares Claudio, “Power Flow and Transient Stability
Models of FACTS Controllers for Voltage and Angle Stability
Studies”, IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting,
Singapore, Vol.2, pp 1447-1454, 2000.
[29] M. H Haque, “Use of Series and Shunt FACTS Devices to
Improve First Swing Stability Limit”, Proceedings of the
Seventh Power Engineering International Conference, IPEC
2005, Singapore, pp 1-6, 2005.
[30] Seungwon, John Condren,Thomas W. Gedra, “ An Ideal
Transformer UPFC Model, OPF First-Order Sensitivities, and
Application to Screening for Optimal UPFC Locations”, IEEE
Transactions on Power System Vol.22, No. 1, pp 68-75
February, 2007.
[31] Jong-su Yoon, Byung-hoon Chang,Soo-yeol Kim, Young-soo
Jeon, Doo-hyun Baek, “EMTDC Simulation Model forFACTS
Devices”, Proceedings of the Transmission and Distribution
Conference and Exhibition, pp 202-205, May, 2006.
[32] L. Dong, M. L. Crow, Z. Yang, C. Shen, L. Zhang, S. Atcitty
“A Reconfigurable FACTS System for University
Laboratories”, IEEE Transactions on Power systems, Vol.19,
No. 1, pp 120-128, February, 2004.
[33] R. Natesan, G. Radman “Effects of STATCOM, SSSC and
UPFC on Voltage Stability”, Proceeding of the 36 th
Southeastern Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, pp 546-550, 2004.
[34] M. H Haque , “Application of UPFC to Enhance Transient
Stability Limit”, IEEE Power Engineering Society General
Meeting, Florida, pp 1-6, June, 2007.

[35] J. Z. Bebic, P.W Lehn, M.R Iravani, , "P-δ characteristics for .

the Unified Power Flow Controller-Analysis Inclusive of
Equipment Ratings and Line Limits,", IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol.18, No.3, pp 1066- 1072, July, 2003.

[36] J. Z. Bebic, P.W Lehn, M.R Iravani, “The hybrid power flow
controller - a new concept for flexible AC transmission’’ IEEE
Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Canada , 2006.

[37] Hossan-Eldin A.A.,Elrefaie H., Mohamed G.K., “Study and

Simulation of the UPFC Effects on Power Systems”,
Proceedings of the 11th International Middle East Power
System Conference, Egypt, Vol.2, pp 461-467, 2006.

[38] R. Orizondo, R. Alves, “UPFC Simulation and Control using

the ATP/EMTP and MATLAB/Simulink Programs”,
Proceedings of the Transmission and Distribution Conference
and Exposition, pp 1-7, August, 2006.

[39] S.Chatterji, C.S.Rao and T.K.Nagsarkar, “Fuzzy Logic Based

Thyristor Controled Dynamic Brake”, IE Journal Vol. 88, pp
624-629, March, 2008

[40] Garima Mittal,Lini Mathev and S.Chatterji,

“MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation of an HYBRID POWER
FLOW CONTROLLER”, Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication
Technologies, pp 523 -531 Feb 2014

201