html5 css3 Handbook PDF

Contents
Introducing HTML5 and CSS3 3

Getting to Know HTML5 5
The <!DOCTYPE> Element 7
The <header> Element 7
The <nav> Element 8
The <article> Element 8
The <time> Element 9
The <aside> Element 10
The <section> Element 10
The <footer> Element 11
Introducing CSS3 12
The border-radius Property 13
The box-shadow Property 14
The text-shadow Property 15
The @font-face Declaration 15
The transition Property 16
Putting it All Together with CoffeeCup HTML Editor 19
Tag List 19
Code Completion 19
HTML5 Themes and Layouts 20
Not Just a Plug 21
HTML5 and CSS3: Looking Forward 22
HTML5 Forms 22
The <audio> and <video> Elements 23
The <canvas> Element 23
Data Storage 23
Thanks for Reading! 24
Appendix A: HTML5 Code 25
2 Appendix B: CSS3 Code 30
Introducing HTML5 and CSS3
Get ready, people, ’cause there’s a revolution underway. It’s going to change the way websites are
built and viewed, and it’s going to make the web more accessible for people, search engines, comput-
ers, smartphones, you name it. It’s the shift to HTML5 and CSS3. Mark your calendars, because by
mid-2011, you can expect widespread browser support for these languages.
What exactly are HTML5 and CSS3? They’re revised versions of the web design languages we’ve
come to know and love. Now keep in mind that the existing versions of HTML and CSS aren’t getting
scrapped; instead, more elements and properties — and by extension, more functionality — are being
added.
But if it’s not broken, why fix it? The answer to that question actually lies in the history behind HTML5
and CSS3. See, in 1997, the grand high pooh-bahs at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C for short)
decided to stop extending the then-current version of HTML, and instead turned their focus toward
XML and XHTML. Their intentions were good, and by using languages that had to be formatted cor-
rectly in order to validate, they hoped to keep things standard across the web. Some designers readily
adopted this new system, whereas others stuck with HTML for the looser syntax and validation rules,
and still others weren’t even aware of the change.
A few years later, a group of developers and browser vendors petitioned the W3C to update HTML and
CSS to reflect the changing nature of the web. The W3C refused, staunchly clinging to the XML/XHTML
ideal. However, a group of people calling themselves the Web Hypertext Applications Technology
Working Group (WHATWG) broke apart from the W3C. They were dedicated to updating HTML and CSS
while maintaining backward compatibility and forgiving error handling. Eventually, the W3C saw the
light and joined forces with the WHATWG, and they began work on HTML5 and CSS3 in earnest.
One of the things that makes HTML5 and CSS3 so powerful is hindsight. We’ve learned a lot about
how people interact with the web — and about the web itself — in the years since its inception, and
HTML5 and CSS3 take this knowledge into account. They’re also more suited to the technologies of our
modern age, like smartphones and iPads, as well as to disabled users and search engines. Finally, the
languages are much more intuitive, meaning they’ll be easier to learn, easier to master, and easier to
use to create kick-butt websites.
Sound too good to be true? It’s not. Throughout the course of this handbook, you’ll learn just how
these languages make things easier for designers, users, and devices. And this webpage (Figure 1.1) is
how we’re going to teach you:
3
Fig. 1.1. A webpage designed using HTML5 and CSS3.
There are two things that are special about this page: 1) It’s written in HTML5 and CSS3, and 2) It will
work in any current browser. That’s right — you can start using this new technology today! Over the
next two chapters, we’ll walk you through the steps we took to make this page. By the time you finish
4 this guide, you will be able to create simple page designs using HTML5 and CSS3. Let’s get started
Getting to Know HTML5
So, how exactly does HTML5 simplify everything so much? Well, for years, we’ve had to improvise
when designing page elements like headers and sidebars, and it shows. If you’ve looked at the source
code of most modern websites, you’ll see what is commonly referred to as “tag soup,” a seemingly
endless array of <div> elements nested inside other <div> elements. This is the standard way of doing
things — using divisions and IDs to give semantic meaning to our markup.
This method came from our most respected HTML luminaries, and it has worked well up to this point.
However, HTML5 is going to make this process simpler and more intuitive. HTML5 makes more sense
from a structural standpoint by introducing more intuitive semantic elements and cleaning up a lot of
the work-arounds and ambiguous markup we use today.
To illustrate this, let’s take a look at the HTML5 webpage we saw in the previous chapter. Figure 2.1
shows how it looks without any styles.
5
Fig. 2.1. A page created using just HTML5.
Now, let’s take a look at the code that makes it possible. We’ve included the full code for this page in
Appendix A (Page 25), so you can take a look at it in its entirety. You’ll notice a lot of familiar HTML
elements in that block of code — old pals like <div>, <ul>, <h1>, and the rest of the gang — but there
6 are a few new faces there too. Everything we cover in this example can be used in current browsers —
including Internet Explorer, just as long as you paste this code into the <head> section of your docu-
ment:

This link, a handy piece of JavaScript called HTML5 Shim, helps translate HTML5 for IE so it can render
pages correctly. We’ll spare you the technical details about how it works, but as long as you remember
to post this just before your </head> tag, your new designs will work just fine in IE.
The <!DOCTYPE> Element

As all you seasoned web designers know, the <!DOCTYPE> element is a total mess:
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN”
“http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd”>
Yuck. Well, have we got good news for you! With HTML5, you’ll notice a pleasant change. Ladies and
gentlemen, meet the new and improved <!DOCTYPE> element.
<!DOCTYPE html>
That’s right, with just two words, you achieve the same effect as the <!DOCTYPE PUBLIC “-//blah blah
blah”> mess we’ve all grown to know and loathe. The best part? It’s totally backwards-compatible,
which means that you can use this code to specify the DOCTYPE even if you’re using HTML 4.01 or
XHTML 1.0. Why would you want to do that? Well, if you’re going to be switching over to HTML5 even-
tually anyway, you may as well start here. So go ahead, what are you waiting for?
The <header> Element

Moving on, you’ll notice the <header> element.
<header>
<h1>Website Name</h1>
</header>
This element is used to differentiate a heading from the rest of the page. In this case, the heading is
the <h1> element, but it can include any of the header elements (<h1>-<h6>), a table of contents, a
search box, a logo — pretty much anything you might consider a heading.
7
The <header> element is a good example of how HTML5 strives for more semantic markup. See, brows-
ers, search engines, and assistive devices interpret header elements as text, but there’s no special
meaning there to set them apart from any of the other text on the page. With HTML5, they know that
anything inside the <header> elements is, well, a header. This means they can interpret them more ap-
propriately. That idea of appropriate interpretation is the driving force behind HTML5.
The <nav> Element

The next new element we’re going to cover is <nav>:
<nav id=”global”>
<ul>
<li class=”selected”><a href=”/”>Home</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>About</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>Services</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
It’s used to mark up the section of the page containing navigation — think navigation bars or a links
section.
The <article> Element

The <article> element is used to mark up self-contained content that is intended to be distributed or
syndicated — blog posts, user comments, and, you guessed it, articles — as well as any associated
headers or footers. In our example page, we used the <article> element to mark up a blog post:
<article class=”blogPost”>
<header>
<h2>Article Title</h2>
<p>Posted on <time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009 (…) </p>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod tellus eu orci imper (…) </p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt (…) </p>
</article>
8
The <time> Element
The <time> element gives you a way to encode dates and times in your webpage code. One common
use for this element — including in our sample webpage — is to specify the publication date of a piece
of content. If you’re doing so, be sure to include the pubdate attribute, like so:
<time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009</time>
There are actually a few different ways to format the datetime attribute value (the bit between the
quotation marks):
<time datetime=”2010-06-08”>June 8, 2010</time>
<time datetime=”2010-06-08T09:00Z”>9 a.m. on June 8, 2010</time>
<time datetime=”2010-06-08T09:00+06:00”>9 a.m. on June 8, 2010 in Asturias, Spain</time>
Dates are always written out in YYYY-MM-DD format, and you can append them with the specific time,
if you want. To do this, put a T right after the date, followed immediately by the time, formatted like
so: HH:MM:SS. (Note: Seconds are optional. If you don’t want to include them, just omit the :SS bit.)
Finally, append the whole kit and kaboodle with either:
• Z: This sets the time to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
• +HH:DD or -HH:DD: This allows you to set time-zone offsets from UTC. Using +HH:DD format adds
the amount of time you specify to your current time; using -HH:DD format subtracts the specified
time.
9
The <aside> Element
The <aside> element is usually used to mark up sidebars and other content that is related, but not es-
sential, to the rest of the content. An <aside> can occur within an article (like a sidebar to a story) or,
as in our example, as a sidebar menu:
<aside>
<section>
<header>
<h3>Categories</h3>
</header>
<nav id=”categories”>
<ul>
<li><a href=”/”>Menu Link</a></li>
(…)
</aside>
The <section> Element

The <section> element is a little more vague than the other elements we’ve talked about. It’s basically
used for just what it sounds like: to section off related parts of a document. It’s up to you to decide
what parts might need to be sectioned off. You could use <section> to create logical sections, like sub-
headings in a long article, or you could use it structurally, like we did in our sample webpage. We used
<section> elements to set off the introduction to the page, the articles, different areas of the sidebar,
etc.:
<section id=”about”>
<header>
<h3>About</h3>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor (…)</p>
</section>
Although you can use <section> to create structural or logical sections, you should choose one usage
and stick with it.
10
The <footer> Element
The last element we’re going to talk about here is the <footer> element, and it’s pretty self-explanato-
ry: Use it for footer content.
<footer>
<div class=”clear”>
<header>
<h3>About</h3>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor (…) </p>
</section>
<section>
<header>
(…)
</footer>
You’re not limited to using the <footer> element just at the bottom of your pages — you can create
footers for any page element, including sidebars, articles, and more.
Hey, give yourself a pat on the back — you just learned the basics of how to create a webpage using
HTML5. Pretty easy, right? In the next section of this handbook, you’ll learn how to style your rock-
solid webpage with CSS3.
11
Introducing CSS3
For years, designers have used images and JavaScipt to create basic design elements like boxes with
rounded corners or simple gradients. Although these methods work, they often require a lot of coding
to pull off and result in long download times for the user. CSS3 aims to eliminate this less-than-ideal
situation. Using the magic of CSS3, you can add text and box shadows, create gradients, and use cus-
tom fonts.
At this time, most browsers support CSS3; in fact, the only exception is Internet Explorer, which won’t
support it until mid-2011. Fortunately, there’s an easy work-around for those who want to start using
CSS3 right away. Just create two separate style sheets, one in the current version of CSS and the other
in CSS3. (The former is for IE, and the latter is for all the other browsers.) Next, just put this code in
the <head> section of your HTML document:
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css3style.css” type=”text/css” media=”screen” charset=”utf-8” />

This code tells the browser to use the CSS3 style sheet (css3style.css), unless it’s IE, in which case it
should use the current CSS style sheet (style.css).
Now, let’s start learning about CSS3! We included the full CSS3 code for our sample webpage in Appen-
dix B (Page 30). For the rest of this section, we’ll take a closer look at some of the new CSS3 proper-
ties we used to achieve this style, as well as a couple others that you should know about.
Browser Prefixes in CSS3

There’s a select handful of CSS3 properties that need special prefixes in order to display prop-
erly. The reason for this is that some browsers use different names for CSS3 properties, and
using the prefix basically translates the CSS3 property for a given browser. This table lists the
prefixes you’ll need to use for Firefox, Safari, and Google Chrome.
Browser Prefix Example

Firefox -moz- moz-border-radius: 10px;
Safari -webkit- webkit-border-radius: 10px;
Google Chrome -webkit- webkit-border-radius: 10px;
Here’s an example of how a CSS3 property, box-shadow, would look in a style sheet:
nav {
-moz-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #333333;
-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #333333;
12 }
The border-radius Property
Check out the nice rounded corners around the navigation links near the top of our sample webpage:
Fig. 3.1. Rounded corners on the navigation links.
Creating that effect with old-timey technology is surprisingly technical, and it involves four images
and about a page and a half worth of code. But with CSS3, you can do the same thing using the border-
radius property. Here’s the style we used in our sample webpage:
#intro a {
color: #fff;
background-color: #333;
font: normal bold 14px/44px arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
padding: 10px;
margin-right: 40px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
text-align: center;
Basically what the border-radius property does is allow you to specify the radius, measured in pixels,
of the slope of the corner. There are a couple different ways you can specify the roundness of your
corners. In our example, we set all the corners to 5 pixels at once. If for whatever reason you wanted
your corners to have different radii, you’d list the different pixel measurements in the following order:
top, right, bottom, and left (you can remember this using the mnemonic “trouble” — TRBL):
nav {
-moz-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;
-webkit-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;
To set the radius of a single corner, use one of these versions of the border-radius property:
border-radius-topleft
13
border-radius-topright
border-radius-bottomleft
border-radius-bottomright
The box-shadow Property

As you may have guessed, this property adds a shadow to a box. Here’s how it looks in our webpage:
Fig. 3.2. The box-shadow property at work.
And here’s the code we used to create it in our sample style sheet:
#intro #photo {
background-color: #fff;
float: right;
margin-top: -170px;
-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
Now, let’s deconstruct that CSS a bit.
14
Horizontal offset, or how far to the right or left of the box the shadow appears. A positive
value places the shadow to the right of the box, and a negative value places it to the left. Enter
a value of 0 if you do not want a horizontal offset.
Vertical offset, or how far to the top or bottom of the box the shadow appears. A positive value
places the shadow below the box, a negative value places it above the box, and a value of 0
creates no vertical offset.
Blur. The higher the number, the more the shadow will be blurred.
The color of the shadow.
The text-shadow Property

The text-shadow property works the same way as box-shadow, with one difference: You don’t need to
use a CSS3 prefix. The text-shadow property doesn’t make an appearance on our sample webpage, but
we figured we’d tell you about it because it’ll probably come in handy in your own designs.
The @font-face Declaration

This one little CSS declaration solves a web design problem that’s been plaguing designers for years:
how to use custom fonts on a webpage. Believe it or not, with @font-face, you can use any typeface
you want on your pages. Figure 3.3 displays and deconstructs code you need to make it happen.
@font-face {
font-family: “MyFancyFont”;
src: url(“type/filename.eot”);
src: local(“ñ”),
url(“type/filename.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“type/filename.otf”) format(“opentype”),
url(“type/filename.svg#filename”) format(“svg”);
}
Fig. 3.3. An @font-face style rule.
The name of your typeface.
The path to the .eot version of the font file.
A backup font located on the user’s computer. If you don’t want to use any of the standard
fonts on a user’s computer, enter a character you wouldn’t find on a normal keyboard, like a
smiley face or an n with a tilde (ñ).
The paths to the .woff and .otf versions of the font file.
15 The path to the .svg version of the font file. This is slightly different because you need to ap-
pend the path with #filename, where filename is the name of the file.
Now, let’s talk a little bit about how this all works. You’ll notice that the code contains links to differ-
ent file types of the same font. What happens is that the browser actually downloads and installs these
files. How do you obtain these different types of fonts? You can easily convert any font using a free
service like Font Squirrel: http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fontface/generator.
Once you have converted your fonts, upload them to your server, and then add this code to your style
sheet, substituting the parts in pink with paths to and names of your own font files.
@font-face {
font-family: “MyFancyFont”;
src: url(“type/filename.eot”);
src: local(“ñ”),
url(“type/filename.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“type/filename.otf”) format(“opentype”),
url(“type/filename.svg#filename”) format(“svg”);
Next, add some style rules for text elements, like so:
h1 {
font-family:MyFancyFont,helvetica,sans-serif;
Congratulations: With just a few lines of code, you’ve successfully used a cool, non-web-safe font on
your webpage.
The transition Property

You know how, when you hover over a link, the color changes instantly? Wouldn’t it be nice if there
were a way to make that transition a little smoother, like a slow fade? See where we’re going with
this? With the transition property, you can specify the duration and timing of a given object’s anima-
tion. Use the following properties to specify your transitions:
Property Description Values Example

transition-property What CSS property will be all, none, [property] -webkit-transition-
animated property: padding
opacity;
transition-duration How long the transition will last [time] (in seconds) webkit-transition-
duration: 1s;
transition-timing- The timing of the animation (e.g. ease, linear, ease-in, ease-out, -webkit-transition-
function slow at first, slow at the end, a ease-in-out, cubic-bezier(x1, y1, timing-function:
consistent speed, etc.) x2, y2) ease-in;
16
Property Description Values Example
transition A shorthand property that can [property] [duration] [timing- -webkit-transition:
be used for all three transition function] opacity 3s ease;
properties
The transition-timing-function property is a little tough to grasp, but there’s a great animation at the-
art-of-web.com that illustrates how it works. You can check it out here: http://www.the-art-of-web.
com/css/timing-function/
We tried to keep our sample webpage simple, so we omitted transitions, but here’s a sample style rule
to show you transitions in action:
header nav a {
margin-top:3px;
margin-left:5px;
margin-right:5px;
padding:.5em 0;
color: #3399FF;
background-color:transparent;
-webkit-transition: all 0.9s linear;
header nav a:hover {
color:#CC0066;
-webkit-transition: all 0.9s linear;
That first style rule sets the margins, padding, and color for links in a header. The transition property
tells the browser to make all the properties of links take effect over the course of 0.9 seconds in a
linear way. This means that when the page loads, the space between the links will steadily increase to
the specified distance over the course of 0.9 seconds. The second style rule sets the color of header
links in the hover state. With the addition of the transition property, the color changes slowly and
steadily from blue to pink. To see this transition in action, put that code in a CSS file called style.css,
create an HTML file containing this code, and then open it up in a browser:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
17 <link rel=stylesheet href=”style.css” type=”text/css” media=screen>

</head>
<body>
<header>
<nav>
<a href=”#”>Link 1</a>
<a href=”#”>Link 2</a>
</nav>
</header>
</body>
</html>
Pretty neat, huh? And that’s just a basic example. Transitions have several other uses, including mak-
ing page elements spin, grow, and shrink.
And with that, we’ve concluded the CSS3 portion of our program! Next up, you’ll learn how to weave
these two languages together into beautiful webpages using CoffeeCup HTML Editor.
18
Putting it All Together with CoffeeCup HTML Editor
Over the past two chapters, you’ve learned how to put together a solid layout using HTML5, and how
to style it using the cool tools available in CSS3. So far so good, right? Are you feeling confident, like
this stuff actually isn’t that hard? Well, what if we told you there was an even easier way to use HTML5
and CSS3? There is, and it’s the CoffeeCup HTML Editor.
We’ve recently given our HTML Editor a face-lift, integrating HTML5 and CSS3 right into the program.
All it takes to use HTML5 in the HTML Editor is declaring the DOCTYPE — remember that simple, clean
HTML5 DOCTYPE?
<!DOCTYPE html>
There are a couple ways you can do this. If you start with a blank page (File > New Blank Page), just
type it in manually. Alternately, if you use the Quick Start option (File > New From Quick Start), you
can select the HTML5 DOCTYPE from the DOCTYPE drop-down list.
Fig. 4.1. The DOCTYPE drop-down list contains a list of HTML DOCTYPES, including HTML5.
This automatically inserts the HTML5 DOCTYPE, as well as some other code, onto your page to get you
started. Once you’ve declared your DOCTYPE, you can use these helpful tools to whip up a website.
Tag List
On the left-hand side of the HTML Editor workspace, you’ll see the Code tab. Click it to see a compre-
hensive list of HTML5 elements.
Fig. 4.2. The Code tab contains a comprehensive list of HTML5 elements.
Use it as a reference, or double-click an element to add it to your code.
Code Completion
When you type an element in the HTML Editor, a handy window containing HTML5 elements appears
just over your cursor. This is the Code Completion window, and you can use it to make sure your code
is error-free.
19
Fig. 4.3. Code completion helps make sure your tags are formatted properly.
Here’s how it works: Start typing the element you want to include in your code, and then browse
through the suggestions for the one you want. When you select one, the opening and closing tag will
automatically be inserted into your document. This way, you never have to worry about forgetting to
close a tag or mistyping the name of an element.
HTML5 Themes and Layouts

If you’re not fully convinced you can design a page of your own using HTML5 and CSS3, or if you just
want some inspiration, the built-in themes and layouts in the HTML Editor are just what you need.
What’s the Difference Between a Theme and a Layout?

A layout includes the HTML for a basic page structure and allows you to provide your own text
and images. This gives you more freedom over the appearance of your design. A theme includes
three pages (index.html, aboutus.html, and contactus.html) that include the HTML and images
for a basic design, allowing you to replace the images and text with your own content. This is a
great option for beginners, since the bulk of the work has already been done for you.
To browse the HTML5 themes and layouts, just go to File > New From Theme/Layout. This opens the
Theme/Layout Chooser, which allows you to browse all our great themes and layouts, including five
written in HTML5 and CSS3.
20
Fig. 4.4. The Theme/Layout Chooser allows you to browse our great HTML5 themes and layouts.
Not Just a Plug

Look, of course we’re going to recommend the HTML Editor — it is our flagship program, after all. But
this isn’t just some shameless plug. We here at CoffeeCup have a philosophy that if we aren’t proud of
a product, we won’t put our name on it. We honestly believe that the HTML Editor is the best resource
out there for people who want to build a website using HTML5 and CSS3.
If you ever experience any issues with the Editor, feel free to browse our extensive online knowledge
base (http://www.coffeecup.com/html-editor/help/) or contact our world-class tech support team. Just
log into our website (https://www.coffeecup.com/login/) and click the My Support Room link. Once
you’ve submitted your request, you should get a response back within 24 hours.
And if you have any suggestions for how to make the Editor — or any of our other awesome web design
programs — better, drop us a line at headhoncho@coffeecup.com.
21
HTML5 and CSS3: Looking Forward
So far, we’ve covered some of the basics of HTML5 and CSS3, but there’s a lot more to look forward to.
Read on, and we’ll give you an overview of some more exciting developments on the horizon. Since
most of what we cover in this chapter isn’t widely supported yet, you won’t be able to use much of this
information right away, but it’ll definitely give you something to get pumped about!
HTML5 Forms
With HTML5, Web forms are about to get a lot easier to create. Sure, new input types and more stream-
lined, intuitive markup are exciting, but what really has designers in a tizzy is the fact that they don’t
have to mess around with scripts anymore. That’s right: Using only HTML5, you can enable functions
like auto-completion, validation, and required fields.
Let’s start with the new input types. Remember how we said the driving force behind HTML5 is more
semantic, meaningful markup? The new HTML5 input types, listed below, embody this idea:
• email — Creates an e-mail address field.
• number — Creates a field that allows the user to enter a number.
• color — Creates a color picker box.
• search — Adds a search box.
• tel — Creates a telephone number field.
• range — Adds a number range/slider.
• datetime, date, month, week, time, and datetime-local — Creates a calendar/date picker that al-
lows a user to select a date.
• url — Create a URL field.
HTML5 also has new form attributes that narrow down what users can enter in a given field. They are:
• list — Allows you to specify a list of options for an input field.

• placeholder — Displays placeholder text in a field.
• max and min — Sets the minimum and maximum date/time or number values.
• pattern — Allows you to use a regular expression to validate an input field.
Now, what’s the big deal about these new attributes and input types? Well, let’s say you want a user
to enter their phone number in your form. With the current version of HTML, you’ll probably use a
text field, but with HTML5, you can use the tel input type. Not only is this more meaningful, but it also
makes form validation easier.
Let’s talk a little bit about form validation. Right now, it’s handled using JavaScript and a request of
your server. This is a pain on two counts: First, it takes a long time, and second, it’s actually remark-
ably difficult to verify an e-mail address using JavaScript. With HTML5, form validation will happen
inside the browser. It’s quicker and more accurate, and with all these new input types, it can be very
specific, validating URLs, telephone numbers, and more.
Pretty nice, right? If you’re stoked about playing with HTML5 forms, download Opera (http://www.
opera.com/) — it’s the only browser that currently offers HTML5 form support.
22
The <audio> and <video> Elements
These days, there aren’t many good options if you want to embed audio or video content in a web-
page. You could use the <embed> and <object> HTML elements, but there aren’t any well-established
standards for how to do that, they’re hard to use, the results vary from browser to browser, and the
finished product looks ugly and doesn’t yield a good user experience. Enter the <audio> and <video>
HTML5 elements. These guys aim to clean up this mess with a standardized, easy-to-use method of
embedding audio and video in webpages. Just check out this clean code:
<video src=”video.ogv” controls poster=”poster.jpg” width=”400” height=”500”>
<a href=”video.ogv”>Download this movie.</a>
</video>
Pretty easy to follow, right? But what’s all this controls and poster jibber-jabber? Including the controls
attribute tells the browser to show the video in its default user interface; the poster attribute displays
an image before the movie starts playing. The <audio> element is even simpler!
<audio src=”music.oga controls>
<a href=”music.oga”>Download this song.</a>
</audio>
There’s still a bit of work to be done to really fine-tune these elements, but it’s already clear that
they’ll provide a much more intuitive solution for embedding audio and video in a webpage.
The <canvas> Element

The beauty of a canvas is its potential. It’s a blank surface, an open invitation to the artist to fill it in
with whatever they want. The <canvas> element works the same way. With just one line of code, you
can create a blank canvas just waiting to be filled with interactive or decorative images, text, gradi-
ents, and the like.
<canvas width=”500” height=”400”></canvas>
Of course, just as it’s tricky to paint a masterpiece, it’s also tricky to fill up an HTML5 canvas. It takes
a lot of JavaScript to make anything happen, and that’s a subject that’s a bit too broad for the scope of
this handbook. However, you can take a look at a really cool application of this new element at http://
diveintohtml5.info/canvas.html#halma.
Data Storage
The last new HTML5 technology we’re going to talk about here is HTML5 Storage, which is a way for
webpages to store data within the browser. This new technology is kind of like cookies, with one
important distinction: Unlike cookies, HTML5 Storage never transmits information back to the server.
Instead, the information — about 5MB — is saved in something like a database in the browser itself.
There are two different storage options:
• sessionStorage — Sets fields in the browser window, which means that when the window or tab is
23 closed, the data is lost.
• localStorage — Sets fields on the domain, which means that the window or tab can be closed and
reopened and the data will still be there. Another cool thing about localStorage is that if you have
two windows open to the same page and something changes on one of the pages, it automatically
changes on the other page.
One of the most exciting potential applications for HTML5 Storage is the ability to work with interac-
tive web applications even when you’re not online. And since it reduces the number of requests to a
server, it also has the potential to create a faster experience for the user.
Thanks for Reading!

We hope you’ve enjoyed this look at HTML5 and CSS3. We’ve covered a lot in this chapter — and in
this handbook — but believe it or not, we’ve still barely begun to scratch the surface! If you’re inter-
ested in learning more and following new developments in the HTML5/CSS3 world, check out these
great resources:
HTML5
• Dive Into HTML5 (http://diveintohtml5.info/)
• A List Apart (http://www.alistapart.com/articles/previewofhtml5)
• W3C (http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html)
• HTML5 Doctor (http://html5doctor.com/)
• HTML5 Gallery (http://html5gallery.com/)
CSS3
• CSS3.info (http://www.css3.info/)
• CSS3.com (http://www.css3.com/)
• W3C (http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/current-work)
Thanks again, and best of luck!
24
Appendix A: HTML5 Code
Here is the HTML5 code used to structure the sample webpage.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=”utf-8”>
<meta name=”Description” content=”HTML5 Website Example”>
<meta name=”author” content=”CoffeeCup Software, Inc.”>
<meta name=”Copyright” content=”Copyright (c) 2010 CoffeeCup, all rights reserved.”>
<title>HTML5 Website Example</title>
<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”styles.css”>

</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Website Name</h1>
</header>
<nav id=”global”>
<ul>
<li class=”selected”><a href=”/”>Home</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>About</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>Services</a></li>
<li><a href=”/”>Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<section id=”intro”>
25 <header>
<h2>Do you love HTML5 as much as we do?</h2>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore
et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut.</p>
<a href=”/”>Read More!</a>
<div id=”photo”>
<div>
<h3>Photo</h3>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<div id=”main” class=”clear”>
<section id=”articles”>
<header>
<p>Posted on <time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009</time>

by <a href=”#”>Joe Blow</a> - <a href=”#comments”>3 comments</a></p>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod tellus eu orci imper-
diet nec rutrum lacus blandit. Cras enim nibh, sodales ultricies elementum vel, fermentum id tellus. Proin
metus odio, ultricies eu pharetra dictum, laoreet id odio.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi
ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia
deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</p>
</article>
<header>
26
<p>Posted on <time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009</
time> by <a href=”#”>Joe Blow</a> - <a href=”#comments”>3 comments</a></p>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin euismod tellus eu orci imper-
diet nec rutrum lacus blandit. Cras enim nibh, sodales ultricies elementum vel, fermentum id tellus. Proin
metus odio, ultricies eu pharetra dictum, laoreet id odio.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi
ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum
dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.</p>
</article>
</section>
<aside>
<section>
<header>
<h3>Categories</h3>
</header>
<nav id=”categories”>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
<section>
<header>
<h3>Archives</h3>
27
</header>
<nav id=”archives”>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
</aside>
</div>
<footer>
<div class=”clear”>
<header>
<h3>About</h3>
</header>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incidi-
dunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco <a
href=”/”>laboris nisi ut aliquip</a> ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in
voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.</p>
</section>
<section>
<header>
<h3>Blog Roll</h3>
</header>
28 <nav id=”blogRoll”>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
<section>
<header>
<h3>Site Map</h3>
</header>
<nav id=”siteMap”>
<ul>
</ul>
</nav>
</section>
</div>
</footer>
</body>
29 </html>
Appendix B: CSS3 Code
Here is the CSS3 code used to style the sample webpage.
/* Reset v1.0 | 20080212 - http://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
b, u, i, center,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
border: 0;
outline: 0;
font-size: 100%;
vertical-align: baseline;
background: transparent;
body {
line-height: 1;
ol, ul {
list-style: none;
30 }
blockquote, q {
quotes: none;
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after {
content: ‘’;
content: none;
/* remember to define focus styles! */
:focus {
outline: 0;
/* remember to highlight inserts somehow! */
ins {
text-decoration: none;
del {
text-decoration: line-through;
/* tables still need ‘cellspacing=”0”’ in the markup */
table {
border-collapse: collapse;
31 border-spacing: 0;
}
/* tells browsers that don’t read HTML5 tags to render like divs */
header, footer, aside, nav, article, section {
display: block;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
.clear:after {
content: “.”;
display: block;
height: 0;
clear: both;
visibility: hidden;
/* Layout
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
body {
background: #f0f0f0;
border: none;
color: #333;
margin: 0 auto;
font: 14px/24px Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
width: 960px;
32
h1 {
font: normal bold 34px/50px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
padding-top: 30px;
h2 {
font-size: 28px;
line-height: 44px;
padding: 22px 0;
h3 {
font-size: 18px;
line-height: 22px;
padding: 11px 0;
p{
font-weight: normal;
padding-bottom: 22px;
a{
color: #CC6600;
a:visited {
33 color: #CC6600;
outline: none;
a:hover {
color: #FF9900;
text-decoration: underline;
a:active {
color: #CC6600;
outline: none;
a:focus {
outline: 1px dotted;
header h1 {
padding: 30px 0 20px 40px;
nav#global {
padding: 10px 0;
position: absolute;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
34 background-color: #333;
}
nav#global ul {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 960px;
border: none;
nav#global ul li {
display: inline;
list-style: none;
padding-left: 40px;
nav#global ul li a {
color: #777;
border: 2px solid #222;
padding: 10px;
margin-right: 40px;
text-align: center;
nav#global ul li a:hover {
35 border: 2px solid #444;

color: #FF9900;
nav#global ul li.selected a {
color: #fff;
nav#global ul li.selected a:hover {
color: #FF9900;
#intro {
background-color: #ccc;
margin-top: 100px;
padding: 40px;
#intro header h2 {
font-weight: normal;
line-height: 30px;
padding: 0 0 15px 0;
width: 370px;
#intro p {
36 width: 370px;
}
#intro a {
color: #fff;
padding: 10px;
margin-right: 40px;
text-align: center;
#intro a:hover {
color: #FF9900;
#intro #photo {
background-color: #fff;
float: right;
margin-top: -170px;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;
width: 400px;
37 height: 300px;
}
#photo div {
margin: 10px auto 0 auto;
width: 380px;
height: 260px;
text-align: center;
#photo div h3 {
color: #fff;
font-size: 25px;
line-height: 25px;
padding: 115px 0 0 0;
div#main {
background: url(main_bkgd.png) repeat-y top right;
border: none;
#main #articles {
float: left;
margin-left: 40px;
width: 600px;
38 border: none;
}
article {
border-bottom: 1px dotted #aaa;
padding: 15px 0;
article:last-child {
border-bottom: none;
aside {
float: right;
margin-top: 40px;
margin-right: 40px;
aside section {
background-color: #F5F5F5;
margin-bottom: 30px;
padding: 20px 40px 20px 20px;
aside h3 {
padding: 0 0 11px 0;
39
nav#categories ul li, nav#archives ul li {
list-style: none;
margin: 5px 0;
footer {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
footer div {
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 40px 0 20px 40px;
width: 920px;
border: none;
footer div section {
color: #777;
float: left;
margin-right: 25px;
width: 230px;
border: none;
footer div section h3 {
40 color: #fff;
}
nav#blogRoll ul li, nav#siteMap ul li {
margin-left: 15px;
footer #about {
margin-right: 60px;
width: 330px;
41

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Contents

Introducing HTML5 and CSS3 3

The <!DOCTYPE> Element

PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN”

The <header> Element

The <nav> Element

<li class=”selected”><a href=”/”>Home</a></li>

The <article> Element

<p>Posted on <time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009 (…) </p>

<time pubdate datetime=”2009-06-29T23:31:45-09:00”>June 29th 2009</time>

<time datetime=”2010-06-08”>June 8, 2010</time>

<time datetime=”2010-06-08T09:00Z”>9 a.m. on June 8, 2010</time>

<time datetime=”2010-06-08T09:00+06:00”>9 a.m. on June 8, 2010 in Asturias, Spain</time>

• Z: This sets the time to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

<li><a href=”/”>Menu Link</a></li>

<li><a href=”/”>Menu Link</a></li>

<li><a href=”/”>Menu Link</a></li>

The <section> Element

<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”css3style.css” type=”text/css” media=”screen” charset=”utf-8” />

<link rel=”stylesheet” href=”style.css” type=”text/css” media=”screen” charset=”utf-8” />

Browser Prefixes in CSS3

Browser Prefix Example

-moz-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #333333;

-webkit-box-shadow:2px 2px 2px #333333;

Fig. 3.1. Rounded corners on the navigation links.

font: normal bold 14px/44px arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;

-moz-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;

-webkit-border-radius:10px 10px 10px 10px;

The box-shadow Property

Fig. 3.2. The box-shadow property at work.

-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;

-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;

Now, let’s deconstruct that CSS a bit.

-moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 10px #333;

The color of the shadow.

The text-shadow Property

The @font-face Declaration

The name of your typeface.

The path to the .eot version of the font file.

The transition Property

Property Description Values Example

-webkit-transition: all 0.9s linear;

header nav a:hover {

-webkit-transition: all 0.9s linear;

17 <link rel=stylesheet href=”style.css” type=”text/css” media=screen>

<a href=”#”>Link 1</a>

<a href=”#”>Link 2</a>

Use it as a reference, or double-click an element to add it to your code.

HTML5 Themes and Layouts

What’s the Difference Between a Theme and a Layout?

Not Just a Plug

• email — Creates an e-mail address field.

• number — Creates a field that allows the user to enter a number.

• color — Creates a color picker box.

• search — Adds a search box.

• tel — Creates a telephone number field.

• range — Adds a number range/slider.

• url — Create a URL field.

• list — Allows you to specify a list of options for an input field.

• pattern — Allows you to use a regular expression to validate an input field.

<video src=”video.ogv” controls poster=”poster.jpg” width=”400” height=”500”>

<a href=”video.ogv”>Download this movie.</a>

<audio src=”music.oga controls>

Introducing HTML5 and CSS3 3