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Daniel Book – Chapter 13: Two Kings in Conflict – Summary Chart of Daniel 11:1-19

“There will yet be three kings standing up for Persia”


Cyrus the Great
Cambyses II
Darius I
“And the fourth one will rouse up everything against the kingdom of Greece”
Xerxes I invades Greece with a colossal army of 2,317,610 men only to meet terrible defeat

“And a mighty king will certainly stand up and rule with extensive dominion”
Alexander the Great conquers Persia and extends domain all the way to India, becoming the dominant world power
But “when he will have stood up, his kingdom will be broken and divided toward the four winds”
Alexander dies at age 33 in 323 BCE; his kingdom is divided among his four generals:

NORTH SOUTH

Seleucus I Nicator Lysimachus Cassander Ptolemy I

- Lysimachus takes possession of Cassander’s territories at his death in 285 BCE

- Lysimachus falls in battle to Seleucus I Nicator in 281 BCE giving him the major portion of Asia

Antiochus II long war until “end of some years” Ptolemy II

Wife: Laodice – divorced in order to marry Bernice

Wife: Bernice - daughter of Ptolemy II – “equitable arrangement”


- murdered along with son and her attendants “those bringing her in”

Wife: Laodice - remarried when Ptolemy II died in 246 BCE


- mother of Selecus II; poisons husband Antiochus II; killed by Ptolemy III

Seleucus II - “one from sprout of her (Bernice’s) roots (same father) will come and prevail” Ptolemy III
fulfilled by Bernice’s brother Ptolemy III plundering King of the North’s empire,
including Babylonia and taking “gods and gold and silver captive to Egypt”
- Seleucus II strikes back but meets with defeat and retreats “back to his own soil”

Seleucus III - brief three year reign is ended by assassination (succeeded by his brother Antiochus III)

Antiochus III - Antiochus III “floods over and passes through” winning back seaports Ptolemy IV

- Ptolemy IV becomes “embittered” and goes forth and has a “large crowd”
of 68,000 “given into his hand” and “tens of thousands” fall in death to him

- King of North, Antiochus III returns with a “crowd larger than the first” Ptolemy V
- Ptolemy V finds many who “will stand up against the king of the south”
including revolutionary “sons of robbers”, both Egyptian and Judean alike
- Ptolemy V finds “no power to keep standing” against “the one coming against him”
- Antiochus III stands in the “land of Decoration” by marching against Jerusalem
and Jerusalem passes from southern domination to northern in 198 BCE

- “equitable terms” are found in the political marriage of Cleopatra I to Ptolemy V


- Antiochus III bows to Rome’s dictates and returns lands as his daughter’s dowry
- Antiochus’ scheme fails as his daughter does “not continue to be his” for
Cleopatra I chooses to side with her new husband instead of her father

- Antiochus III turns “back to the coastlands” of Greece and Asia Minor only to
meet a great defeat at Thermopylae by a Roman “commander”
- he is made to “stumble and fall” in death while robbing a temple at Elymais
causing his “reproach to be turned back upon him”

Seleucus IV – murdered by his own treasurer (succeeded by his brother Antiochus IV) Ptolemy VI

Antiochus IV - Desecrates temple at Jerusalem in 167 BCE; leads to Maccabean revolt


- temple is rededicated 3 years later; festival of dedication (Hanukah) instituted
- Maccabean/Syrian friction continues until Roman intervention
- Pompey takes Jerusalem in 63 BCE; Rome appoints Herod as King of Judea in 39 BCE
Daniel Book – Chapter 14: Two Kings Change Identities – Summary of Daniel 11:20-26

NORTH SOUTH
Antiochus IV - Antiochus IV invades Egypt and crowns himself its king Ptolemy VI
- Ptolemy VI seeks help from Rome; Roman Ambassador Laenas humiliates
Antiochus (who returns home)

ROME

- Rome continues dictating to Syria which becomes a Roman province in 64 BCE

Octavian - Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII at Actium in 31 BCE Cleopatra VII
(Augustus) ending Ptolemaic dynasty; thus Egypt also becomes a Roman province
- Octavian assumes title of Caesar Augustus and “causes and exactor (census)
to pass through the splendid kingdom” including Judea in 2 BCE
- Augustus dies in 14 CE not “in anger or in warfare” but in illness

Tiberius

- Augustus’ hated stepson Tiberius, the “one who was despised … takes hold of the
kingdom by means of smoothness” (Tiberius played politics with the senate for
nearly a month after Augustus death before he would assume the title of emperor)
- Tiberius “breaks [the arms of the flood]” of costly invasions by adopting a defensive
foreign policy: he strengthens Roman borders rather than extending them
- “the Leader of the Covenant” is likewise broken during Tiberius’ reign (33 CE);
Jesus is executed on false charges of treason and due to laws of “injured majesty”
(which Tiberius had broadened to include virtually any insult to Caesar)
- Tiberius “becomes mighty by means of a little nation”, namely the Praetorian Guard;
the Guard (10,000 strong) was the only army allowed within the walls of Rome and
served as the Emperor’s personal bodyguard and also his terrorists within Rome

Roman Emperors: - Caligula, Claudius, Nero, Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, and Hadrian
all filled the role of the King of the North during their reigns

Aurelian Queen Zenobia


- Queen Zenobia of Palmyra leads her army into Egypt in 269 CE under the
pretext of securing it for Rome; she further aims to make Palmyra the dominant
city of the East and wishes to rule Rome’s eastern provinces
- Alarmed by Zenobia’s ambition Aurelian “arouses his power and his heart
against the king of the south” and captures both Palmyra and Zenobia
(who is paraded as a prize feature during Aurelian’s victory procession)
- Aurelian himself, however, “will not stand because they will scheme out against him
schemes and the very ones eating his delicacies will bring his breakdown”;
Aurelian is betrayed by his secretary and murdered by his deceived officers

- “And as for his military force, it will be flooded away, and certainly many will
Emperor fall down slain”; the Roman armies gradually flood away until they are they are
Romulus completely overrun by Germanic barbarians; in 476 CE the last Roman
Augustulus Emperor (Romulus Augustulus) is deposed by Germanic leader Odoacer;
- Rome has fallen
Daniel Book – Chapter 14b: Two Kings Change Identities – Dark Ages to Modern Age Summary

NORTH SOUTH

ROMAN EMPIRE EGYPT

- Roman Emperor Constantine adopts apostate Christianity as the state religion and
presides over council of Nicaea in 325 CE (contributing to modern Trinity Doctrine)
- Constantine moves capital from Rome to Byzantium (Constantinople) in Turkey

- Roman Empire is split between Eastern and Western Empires following the death
of Emperor Theodosius in 395 CE (Eastern capital in Constantinople; Western
capital in Rome)

- Egypt (King of the South) is included in the Eastern Empire

- Leo I becomes Catholic pope in 440 CE; he asserts considerable papal authority
and is credited with saving Rome from barbarian invasion

- Rome (Western Empire) falls to Germanic barbarian tribes in 476 CE

- Alexandria falls to Saracens in 642 CE and Egypt becomes an Arab province


HOLY ROMAN
EMPIRE - Pope Leo III crowns Frankish King Charlemagne as Emperor of the new
Holy Roman Empire in 800 CE (this empire was referred to by Hitler as the First Reich)

- Pope John XII crowns German King Otto I as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in
962 CE; Otto I moves the capital from Rome to Germany; the Austrian house of
Hapsburg retains the title of “Emperor” for five centuries

- Turkish forces take Constantinople in 1453 ending the Eastern Roman Empire;
they continue their expansion and take Egypt as a province in 1517

- British Empire is established in 1773 as Britain is recognized as undisputed ruler


of the seven seas; three years later (1776) the American colonies declare their
independence from Britain

- Napoleon conquers Egypt in 1798; Britain forms an alliance with Ottoman Empire BRITISH
to remove French rule from Egypt; British influence in Egypt increases EMPIRE

- Napoleon I delivers a deathblow to the Holy Roman Empire by refusing to


recognize its existence; unable to defend his crown the last Emperor (Francis II)
resigns from Roman Imperial status in 1806
- the Holy Roman Empire (which lasted 1006 years) comes to an end

GERMANIC - Wilhelm I is named Kaiser (from “Caesar”) of Germany in 1871; the Germanic
EMPIRE Empire is born (this empire was referred to by Hitler as the Second Reich)

- Egypt becomes a British dependency in 1882 as Britain expands control of


(newly-constructed) Suez Canal region

- Germany closes the 19th century with an aggressive foreign policy of expansion

- Britain closes the 19th century at her zenith: ruling over one-quarter of the world
Daniel Book – Chapter 15: The Rival Kings Enter the 20 th Century – Summary of Daniel 11:27-31

NORTH SOUTH

Germanic Empire British Empire


- “and as regards these two kings, their heart will be inclined to doing what is bad
and at one table a lie is what they will keep speaking”
- The Permanent Court of Arbitration is set up in The Hague, Netherlands in 1907;
both Germany and Britain join the court, giving the appearance that
both sides favor peace, yet simultaneously prepare for war

- “and the king of the north will go back to his land with a great amount of goods”
- Germany’s pursuing an aggressive foreign policy and leading the Triple Alliance
(between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy) greatly enriches itself

- “his heart will be set against the holy covenant and he will act effectively and go back
to his land”
- Germany ignores the declaration that the appointed times of the nations will end in
1914 and that God’s Kingdom is established in that year with Christ as King
and instead pursues its own schemes for world domination

- “at the appointed time he will go back and he will come against the south”
- following the assassination of Austrian Archduke Ferdinand in June 1914,
Germany initiates a series of chain-reactions that culminates in World War I

- “but it will not prove to be at the last the same as the first”
- in previous conflicts (especially when the North was represented by Rome)
the King of the North had consistently been victorious; not so this time

- “there will certainly come against him the ships of Kittim, and he will have to
become dejected”
- ‘ships of Kittim’ is also translated as ‘ships of the western coastlands’
referring to the British navy lying off the western coast of Europe which was Anglo-
augmented by the American Navy and Armed Forces in 1916 when America American
declared war on Germany World Power

- “and they will certainly go back and hurl denunciations against the holy covenant
and act effectively and will give considerations to those leaving the covenant”
- Germany is defeated and inflicted with heavy punitive fines for its role in WWI;
Hitler’s steeped in economic and political turmoil Germany elects Adolph Hitler president
Third Reich in 1934 who quickly makes himself a dictator for life
- his Nazi regime refers to itself as the Third Reich (the first being the Holy Roman
Empire and the second being the Germanic Empire)
- he attacks the ‘holy covenant’ of Jehovah’s people by viciously persecuting them;
conversely he enters concordats with Christendom (those ‘leaving the covenant’)

- “there will be arms that stand up, proceeding from him, and he will profane the
sanctuary, the fortress, and remove the constant feature”
- Hitler’s ‘arms’ or military forces launch a Blitzkrieg invasion against Poland in 1939
triggering World War II
- Hitler profaned the earthly courtyard of Jehovah’s temple by relentlessly persecuting
the anointed remnant and their companions so severely that the ‘constant feature’
(the public sacrifice of praise to Jehovah’s name) was removed in lands under his control

- Germany surrenders in May 1945 to Allied forces ending its tenure as King of the North;
Communist Germany is divided into West and East (under Communist control)
Bloc

- “And they will certainly put in place the disgusting thing that is causing desolation”
the ‘disgusting’ counterfeit of the only real hope for peace (God’s kingdom) is put
in place by the establishment of the United Nations in October 1945 by both kings
(Britain, America and Russia and China)
Daniel Book – Chapter 16: The Contending Kings Near Their End – Summary of Daniel 11:32-45

NORTH SOUTH
Communist Bloc Anglo-American
- “And those who are acting wickedly against the covenant, he will lead into World Power
apostasy by means of smooth words”
- the Soviet Government makes an effort to enlist the material and moral
support of the leaders of the Churches of Christendom (the ‘ones acting
wickedly against the covenant’) who comply despite the atheistic policy
of the King of the North

- “as regards the people who are knowing their God they will prevail … and stumble”
- true Christians are made to ‘stumble’ in that they suffered intense persecution
in the lands ruled by the King of the North; but the vast majority ‘prevail’ by
remaining faithful and keeping their integrity (and their overall numbers increased
in these lands despite persecution)

- “many will join themselves to them by means of smoothness”


- considerable numbers of avowed Communist spies crept into the congregations
of Jehovah’s people by making great pretenses and displays of zeal

- “those having insight will be made to stumble, in order to do a refining work


because of them and to do a cleansing and to do a whitening”
- infiltrators cause some faithful ones to fall (‘stumble’) into the hands of authorities;
Jehovah permits these events for a refining and cleansing and whitening of his people

- “and the king will actually do according to his own will and he will exalt and
magnify himself above every other god; and against the God of gods he will
speak marvelous things … to the God of his fathers he will give no consideration;”
“but over everyone he will magnify himself”
- the King of the North refuses to acknowledge Jehovah’s sovereignty (‘speaking
marvelous things against God of gods’); furthermore, he rejects the gods of his
forefathers, such as the Trinitarian divinity of Christendom, and he proceeds
according to his will alone

- “But to the god of fortresses, in his position he will give glory … by means of gold
and silver and by means of precious stones and by means of desirable things.”
- the King of the North places his trust solely in modern scientific militarism, seeking
salvation through this ‘god’ by sacrificing enormous wealth on its altar

- “And in the time of the end the king of the south will engage him in a pushing,
and against him the king of the north will storm … and he will certainly enter
many lands and flood over and pass through”
- the punitive treaty imposed on Germany following the first world war by the
king of the south was a ‘pushing’ or incitement to retaliation
- following the second world war the King of the South ‘pushes’ again by setting
up NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to ‘contain’ the USSR
- pushing continued by means of diplomatic and military offenses and by espionage
- the King of the North reacts by building a powerful empire and by fighting the
King of the South by proxy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Vietnam

- “and he will actually rule over the hidden treasures of the gold and the silver
and over all the desirable things of Egypt”
- the King of the North exerts a powerful influence on how the King of the South
allocates his financial resources, causing him to devote huge sums to maintain
his army, navy and air force (in this sense the King of the North ‘ruled over’
or controlled the disposition of wealth by the King of the South)

- the Soviet Union disbands in December 1991 ending its tenure as the King of the North

Yet to Rise - “But there will be reports that will disturb him, out of the sunrising and out
of the north, and he will go forth in a great rage in order to annihilate and devote many
to destruction. And he will plant his palatial tents between the grand sea and the holy
mountain of Decoration; and he will have to come all the way to his end, and there will
be no helper for him.”

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