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  • Guidelines On Electrical Installation

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    Mallikarjun Reddy
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    Guidelines on Electrical Installation

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K tayangan54 halaman

    Guidelines On Electrical Installation

    Diunggah oleh

    Mallikarjun Reddy
    Guidelines on Electrical Installation

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
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    Guidelines” on Electrical Instaliatio FOR Practising Contractors By Tamil Nadu Electrical Installation Engineers Association - "A"Grade 229, Royapettan High Road, Madras - 600 014. Ph: 8264886, 8261533 First Edition August 1985 Second Edition Aprit 7988 ‘Third Edition December 1995 For Private Circulation oniy No part of this’ booklet be reproduced Ywahout wren permission othe sociation TAMIL NADU'ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION ENGINEERS ASSOCIATION =a" GRADE (Rogistored under Societies Act X21 ot 1860) 229, Royapettah High Road, Madras - 600 014 AK. VENKATASAMY President VIC AGARWAL V. RAMAKRISHNAN D. CHANDRAN Vice-President TEM, BHIKKAUI Secretary ‘S. SITARAMAN Treasurer G. KRISHNASWAMY. Represenatve Electrical Licensing Board COMMITTEE MEMBERS NS. VENKATARAMAN S. RAJAGOPAL, MS. SESHADRI FR. GANGADARAN CN. GOPAL S. KALIRAJAN @. VENUGOPAL KRISHNAN PA MAHAJAN S. RAMAN SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR PUBLICATION OF GUIDELINES FIRST EDITION NS. VENKATARAMAN TM. BHIKKA S. SITARAMAN S. KUPPUSWAM! MK. JAVARAMAN SECOND EDITION NS. VENKATARAMAN TM. BIKA S. SITARAMAN THIRD EDITION AK. VENKATASAMY. TM. BHIKKAS! G. KRISHNASWAMY S. SITARAMAN FOREWORD | am happy to knew that the Tamil Nadu Electrical Installation Engineers Association - "A’ Grade have brought out the Third Editon ot booklet containing guidelines on electrical instalation for practising Contractors. ‘oxo ha own aaa wt of tena rary ren ype of gears and equipments have come into use, Many different agencies have come rt flor eacton of wera To gle hee agencoe we nop thom eaeing wots mine and a ond manne ats ft ne i vay tte Tis wad as tip popecie ereaere ‘The book has been prepared incorporating changes to the codes of practices and in the Indian Electricity Rules and contains wealth of information about ood design, practice and methods of execution of works and will be of direct interest to all Electrical Engmeers engaged in industrial electrification, S. KULASEKARAN Chief Electrical Inspector to Govemment of Tamil Nadu, 10.12.95 . PREFACE CONTENTS “The Engineering knowledge required to stall, operate and maintain Industral Chapter TITLES PAGE No. Power distrbuton systems has increased manyfold einco vanous type of technologically advanced equipment and matenais are being made avellablo dette dasiasbiad ‘i by the manufacturers. This resut in total advancement in Industral power Point of Supply 3 distribution practices. mM Sub-Station 8 ‘Though several publications are available on Indian Electricity Rules, venous Standards and National Electtic code, Tamit Nadu Electrical instelltion 'V _Switch-Gear Room 7 Engineers Association in 1985 brought out @ book “Guidelines on Electrical “Estalation for practising contracts". This book found valuable not only to Electrical contractors, but also for consulting Engineers, Industrial Power Vi Power Distribution and overhead Lines a Application Engneers and Architects, Vi Generators 19 VII Lighting 3a ‘This book which 1s the Third Editon with up-to-date instalation practices taking into account, addtions, changes to the various code of practices, Tee eee oe Indian Electrety Rules etc. wl be found valuable to those who have anything 1X Miscellaneous a {0 do with the planning and instalation of Electrical Distribution for industinad plants or commercial buildings. X Procedures 2 ‘with the co-operation ot members, and the guidance from The Chief Electrical Xt Overhead fines ia Inspector to Govt. and other officers of Tamil Nadu Electrical inepoctorate, Xi! Mul’Stoyed Bulings of more tan 16 metre neight 5. it was possible now to publish the Third Edition, Annexures A to S {Lake {HIS opportunity to place on record the valuable help rendered by the previous Chiel Electrcal Inspectors Shn Mu. Anandamurthy, Shr LA'Srinwvasan and the present CEIG Mr. S, Kulasekaran and other Engineers of Electrical inspectorate for compiling the revised edition, {tis quite possible there may be certain omissions and any suggestion from the membersr and users are welcome for mcorporation in the tuture edits, | thank’ Mr. G.Krishnaswamy, Shri T.M, Bhikkai and Shn S, Sitararnan for {her assistance mn bringing out the Naw Edlion and also Ganapathi Printing Works tor printing the Book in record time, AK. VENKATASAMY President CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION ‘The high calibre and standards set up in the design, selection, erection, testing and commissioning of Electrical Installation, no mattor however large it may be, 1s a matter of pride for the Electrical Contractors wha cously play no little part. The reason is attributable to the quality Consciousness among various agencies involved at every stage and ‘nepection procedures. tisonly withthe interest hat his standard should Persist and develop towards excellence and be an eye-opener nat ony ‘oaspiring engneersin the field of electrification, butalsatothe practising contractors for day-to-day reference, the idea of prepanng this guide was, ‘concerved. ‘Though there extsts a large number of books covering various aspects of Electrical Engmeering, itis tet, there is a dearth of a handy and practical guide toturnsh salient pomntsin.a cogent manner thatmay have to be observed in the course ot work ot an electrical contractor and his installation engineer, {inorder to filth gap, an attemptis herein made to provide a handy and vvory practical aspects covenngthetechnicalrequirementsand alsotime- ‘tested and proveninstallation practicestor afiient and safe working and reliability ‘The subject matter covered in this guide pertains to H.V. installations Upto and inclusive of 33 KV bath industrial and non-industrial, no matter whether the supply ts'denved from an extemal source or captive generation. This may wellbe adopted, tothe extent applicable, nthe MV/ LV service installations, which would be more towards standardisation. ‘This guide puts forward the highlights af points m dasign and erection of H.V, Sub-Stations and connected installations, For elaborate study and design, relevant manuals and codes may have to be consuiled. Some ‘mportantpoints are also included regardingthedesign of EHV substation ‘and other maior substation, This has been prepared with due consideration tor: 1. Providing utmost safety from fire and shock, adopting good ‘engineering practice, ‘Statutory compliance of vancus applicable provisions of indian Electricity Act, 1910, Indian Electricity Rules, 1958, Electricity (Supply) Act, 1948 and other regulations in force. fi, Meeting the regulations and requirements of Electricity Supply Authorities and Electrical inspectorate. 10. i, 12, 13, 2 ‘Adopting the letest developments in Electical Engineerng Practices. Ve Attaining utmost economy in the overail cost of the instalation, For the purpose ot easy reterence, the Guide has deaitthe subject matter Under various headings noted inthe contents, This has been segmented EQmMencing trom the “Pont ot Supply” and ending with “Energy Consuming Apparatus" in the order as the energy flows, ‘As part ofexchange of information for effective planning and execution gasitoavold delay, Ris necessarytoconsultin detalthe Electacty Supply Authories wth regard other speciicrequirements, feasibility o!supy, ode ot supply, location of supply, space required, conditions of supply, fault level of that area, type and availabilty of gear and metering gqttements proposedetc. and generally forthe compliance of Rules 31. 58 and 64 of LER. 1956 and Sec. 19A of LE. Act 1910, Exchange of intormation may also be had withthe Electrical Inspectorate Whore considered necessary It's essential that Architects take note ot these requirements betore finalising their design, {tis neediess to mention that good and neat workmanship s an essential requirement andthe work should becamied outunderthe direct supervsee 9 a person competent enough tor the purpose. This wil also be ot great help to the users of Electncal energy in general and more particulary m industries to check and adopt a system not only Statutorily acceptable, but also to work with ease and setety, ‘The S.792/1989 and IS 3043/1987 incorporate some mator changes in protection of electrical instalations and earthing practice respectively All ‘iectical contractors should possess these indian Standards The National Electrical code (NEC) contains much of intormation on Special installation such as high nse buildings, Sports buildings, Hotels Hospitals, etc. nadition tocther conventionalinstallation, The caritracters ‘should possess a copy of NEC. The revised edion is under preparation inline with IEC /ISO publications and may be issued in the near tulure. Aree case ofimutl-stored buildings or more than 1Smetre height availing MviLv supply, the supplier; transtormer and its control gear should bo within the consumers’ prernas, ‘The requirements for these mnstallations are given in Chapter XIl 3 CHAPTER -II “POINT OF SUPPLY” ‘The ‘Pom of Supply’ should bo inside the consumer's premises and should be in ine with suppliers requirements, Shouid be as cose tothe load centre as possible to reduce the length ot ccable and voltage drops. The location of pomt ot supply may be decided in consultation with supplier. ‘Two types of arrangements are usually provided by the "Supplier", for effecting H.T-Supply: |. Qutdor poles mounted type wath H.T. Metering or L.T. Metering set. |. Outdoor breaker Kiosi/Indoor breaker cubicle with H.T. Matenng set Consumer's contro at the point of commencement of supply may be: 1. Incase ofinstalation with transtormer capacty upto andinclusive ‘of 100DKVA for 11 KV system and upto andinclusive of 2500 KVA in 22 KV and 33 KY system an Air Break Switch, Lightning Arresters, H.G. tuse/Drop out fuse. (Vide chapter Il for details) i, Fortranstormer capacity above 1000 KVA tor 11 KV system and above 2500,KVA for 22 KV and 33 KV systems: A Circuit Broaker. Incasectoutdoor structure being provided by the Supplier, the consumer should provide at point of supply, aD. P. Structure at 4.575 metres (15 {eet} from the "Supplier's" structure, ‘Thecommon tencing betweenthesupplier'sD.P. Structureandconsumers: structure should be providedat 1.525 metre (Sf) fromuppliers structure. ‘The D.P. Structure may be of RSW/Tubular pole/or A.C.C. with concrete ‘foundation, wm (7* x3 1/2") incase ‘Structure support sizes should be 175mm x 87mm (7 fof RSJ, 125mm x 100 mm x 75mm (5° x 4° x 3°} for tubular pole and suitable size for RCC of a standard design for 11 and 22KV and higher sizes for 33 KV. lfthe structure support is tubular poles, pole caps should be provided. 10, n 12, 13, 14, 18, 16. 17, 18, 19, 21. 22, 4 The 11 HV and outdoor structure should be of 3.05 mrs (10 f) width entre to centre with spacing ef 15 mm between phase conductors 610 ‘mm at ends, piowever. the D.P. structure with 3.66 metre centreto centre be used for 22 KV system and 4.672 mtrs tor 33 KV with proportionate clesserren, ‘The sectional clearance between any wall/building and the nearest ive UI KY conductor should not be fess than 2.6 metre (8'6"). Thisclearance should be 2.8mior 33 KV. he AS. Switch should be mounted below theicoming overhead Ine ot the "Supplier" TMeAB.Suiich shouldbe erectedin sucha way thatthe coming supply 's received at the fixed contacts of the sviten, ‘The Blades should open out fuly to ensure thatthe gap is adequate as notte allow any bird to short the gap and cause accidental charging GAB. Switch operating down pipe should have a surtable guide and By handle should be erected at aheight ofnotlessthan 1.068 metres 6°) above ground tevel for convenient operation, Lock should be provided for A. 8. Switch Operating handle, Lightning Arrester should be connected atter the A. B, Switch, The Vertical clearance between H. G. Fuse mounting channel and the ‘we parts ot A,B. Sich may not be less than 2.13 metres (7 foot) 1G. fuse gap shoutd be 20cm for 11 KV, 25 em tor 22 KV and 30 mor 83 KV measured at place of fixing the fuse wire ‘The minimum clearance between any ve partsjumper and any earthed fratal parts onthe structure including cable boxes shouldbe 30 cms (12) for 11 KV, 45 cms (16) tor 22 KV and 60 cms (24% for 48 KV. ‘The minimum size of H.V, Jumper at the outdoor structure should be of "O'SWG copper. ‘The unsupported length of Jumper at autdoor structure should not be ‘moro than 1.5m (6) m he case of sold copper. Ail the jumpering should be in one vartcal alignment with minimum bends. The shape of the-iumpers should be uniferm, 23, 24, 25. 26. 27. 28, 29. 30. 31 82. 33, 5 0 aligned that the ‘The H. V. Jumper at outdoor structure should be so alig D.OF. does not hit the jumper while the D.O.F. cartridge drops. Bimetalic camps should be used for connecting copper jumper to ‘Aluminium jumpersinires. IttheD.P. Structure yard is with fencing, ground clearance of2.75metres ‘may be maintained between any live point and the ground, This should be 3.7 m ior 33 KV. Inthe case of untenced area the ground clearence should be more than 442 metres (13'8') “The porcelain insulator, bushings should be cleaned well and spilage of pants, etc., removed so that the surfaces are clean, sdand ‘The base of the supports of the D.P. Structure should be concrate copmg done to a height ot atleast 45 cms (18") above ground level, Pp Structure shouldboprovidedwithsusbocty Zach tay wre Stouldbe ete ross an nulorhesbsonpaced etait ot totes then 0 mates (10) om the grand The say we sha Stone wre enh tay od shoul bs protected at rou ve By conte muting an by ance mG Pipe te preven caeson with 38 ‘The D.P. Structure yard should be uniformly levelled and spread! ‘mm (1 1/2") blue grate jelly toa depthof 15 ems (6") overlayer ot sand, Fencing should be provided for the D.P.Structure yard upto a height ot ‘ot ess than 1.8 metro with a suitable gate and lock. not ess than 1.528 hetes (5), on ‘Te fencing may be at a stance of nat less thar elthr sige ofthe DP. Structure to eneure roo movement alfound, Fencing can be with diamond mesh or weld mesh with proper supports tor better look, Caution notices should be fixed one on the structure andthe ther on the gate of the fencing, 6 CHAPTER - itl ‘SUB - STATION pag formation given m parts to D are appicable to Sub-statons upto 33KV, Part E gives some, salient points for EHV and other major substations Part-A: Selection 1. The Sub-Station, being a nerve centre calls for adetaled ond elaborate ‘consideration and study, of which the following are impottents & TheSub Station, indoor or outdoor, shouldbe as far as practicable ittheload centre to avoid excessive vokage drop andeonsaqaert {osses, to mmmise the iength oftheM.V. Cables, thereby reduction In the project cost and for easy operation and maintenance, ». The location should take into consideration the direction and overnent of dust ete. m Cement, Carbide factones and Teste Mis et, © The Sub station should be located higher than the flood level and also higher than the sutrouncing to prevent water clogging, 2. Outdoor Sub-Stations should be avoided: in corrosive atmosphere as in Chemical factones, b. near seacoast © polluted and smoky areas in Cement Plant and foundies ete. a. in close preximityo spray-ponds, dusty areas, cooling towers and chimes. nmul-sioreyed bulcings, the sub-station should preferably be located in the ground lavel with direct access from the road for metalation at femoval of the equipment. All fre safety precautions should be takin ‘where such nisk is considerable. ‘The environment should be clean and tidy. it should not be cated near ‘refuse dumps, lavatones, scrap heaps above drainage and sur, 5. Water and other drains should not pass through or be terminatod at the ‘suib-station, Part-B: Design Consideration & Wis preterable to install the transtormer outdoor for better cooling effec \which will enhance the life of the transformer. The other considerations, 7 7. Adequate passage ways for transport ot equipment for repairs should be provided. 7 8. Enough space should be provided for accommodating future expansion. ‘The capacity of the transformer should be carefully selected, keeping in owe arpa manana dean connect an eon lace in-rush current of large capacity motors, etc. Generally the capacity of transformer sholild be half the connected load allowing the diversity factor, excluding lighting load. 10, Theno-load secondary votage rating ofthe transformer should be as per rolovant SS. 11. The transformer should generally have the following among standard ftings: = a. Thermometer, preterably a dial type, b. Breather, vent pipe, conservator tank. ¢. _No-toad tap-changer with lock. 4 Buchholz’s relay when the rating is and above 1000 KVA for connecting to an alarm and/or trip cireuits. ee Be ool elaine igedhopauateunineetoyerersoe Sentient eae iatatoateemaae oe = era Sram ot. Soe —Gpeetnina sae imate ome ee ee See ore ores ee systom. i. Abuve 1000 kVA OCB/ACENVES ocBiAce aggregate or individual of 11 KV and above 2500 KVA aggregate or Individual of 22/38 KV systom, eer PaO Ero Ce eco ecco eee cece cree cree Note: a. _Not-withstanding the above, there should be a Circuit-Breaker on FLV, side after the point of supply where the stalled capacity of the Transformer is above 1000 KVA for 11 KV system-and above 2501 KVA for 22 KV/33 systems. b. In the above cases, if the transformer is close, say, within 15 metres (50 ft to the pot of supply, the group control OCB can be. the control ch the HLV, side of the transformer. ©. Where it is not practicable to locate the primary and secondary Control-gear, referred above, within 15 metres (50 f) from the transformer, there shouldbe an additional control, atleastaswitch. fuse nearthe transformer or an artangementto eperatethe control close to the transformer. 4. Ifthe faut level exceeds the limits as in 13 below breaker may be required. ©. Since Buch holtz relay 's required for Transtormors of 1000 KVA, ‘and above, a breaker may be provided on the pnmary side. 13. Making and breaking capacity of the switch-gear should commensurate with short crcutt potentialities of the supply system and the ‘Supply authorities’ should be consuited on this subject. Generally the rmrurrur ruptunng capacity of H.V. & M.V. Circuit Breakers at different vortages should be: a saKy 750 MVA bo KV 500 MVA ek 250 MVA 4 B6KV 450 MV~, 2 33KV 75MVA £ MM, 25MVA ‘The fauit evelsin the wind Mil generator installations and Co-generation plants inSugar Mills, etc, should be amved at by calculation, The totalfault level should be considered, namely, the tault level of the grid and the fault lovel of the ‘consumer's generators since these generalors ate aperated in parallel with the arid, 14. The current rating of fuses for the H.V. Oil Switch-tuse controling the transformer should be adequate tor the capactty of the transtormer, Special H Voltage reguiatoristabitzerisinstalled, the following should be complied with: The secondary neutral should be earthed with two separate and distinct earth connections. if the regulator's of auto transtormer 16. 16, 17. 18, 19. 20. 9 type neutral earthing 1s optional and the manufacturers recommendation may be obtained, ‘The regulator should be provided with pnmary and secondary protection and contra. ii, Earth faut protection should be ensured for the ouigaing side of stabilizer. ‘ThemainincomingH.V. Cabletothe group control Circuit Breaker should be designed keeping in view nat only the fullload current, but also the prospective faut level ofthe locality and in any case should not be less than 185 sq. mm size for APLSTS/150 sq, mm tor XLPE. All other HLV, ‘cables should be of adequate size. ‘The M.V. Cables on secondary side ofthe transtormer shall be designed totake carectthetullload current ofthe transformer and shouldnormally be as per Annexure-R “The Fusa-Switch/Circut Breaker provided on the secondary side of the transformer should be of correct rating, ‘The Circutt Breaker on the secondary site of the transformer should be with earth leakage protection arrangement. Higher rated Circuit Broaker if used should have Current Trenstormer with proper ratio to protect the transtormer installed, ‘The transformer whether indoor or outdoor should be go nstalledthatthe dehydrating breather, thermometer and oil level indicator may be sately and conveniently exemihed with the transformer energised. Free flow ot air through breather should be ensured, ‘The breather should be well supported. Cooling fins of the transformer shouidnotbe used or supporting the breather. Themaximum permissible temperature shouldbe permnanertly marked on the Dialtype Thermometer. ‘Where itis desired to operate two or more transformers in parallel, they should possess the following principal charactenstics tor satistactory paraliol operation: a. The same inherent phase angle differonce between primary, secondary voltage. b. The same vottage ratio &. Petcentage impedance with minimum difference d. ‘The same polarity fe. ~The same phase sequence #. Thedisparty in outputs of any two transformers shouldnot exceed three to one; an 23, 24, 26. 26. Par-C; Outdoor Sub-Stati 27. 28. 10 Where more than one transformer 1s erected, the clistribution system should be divided into separate cistinet sections each of which should normally be fed from one transtormer only. However provision can be made to inter-connect separate sections through buscouplers. with {Mechanical interiocks inthe event of failure or disconnection of one ranstormer. Bataling ot transtormers should be done only on the Main MLV. Switch ard. {n case of transformerigenerater, where the capacty 1s 750 KVA and ‘above, bus-duct shouldbe preferredon secondary side ofthe transtormer/ generator, When bus-

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