Session 1 - in Class Packet - Carlos Ortiz

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL
Mr. Carlos Ortiz | CARLOS ORTIZ / ADAM PEREIRA page 1 of 36

Copyright © 2017 Carlos Ortiz / 305.785.5005 / carlos@mrcarlosortiz.com
# of Questions: 36R&W & 12M in Main Lesson
Topics: SAT READING, WRITING, & MATH
Time: About 300-360 minutes
TBCB: NEXT LESSON
Notes/Instructions: SAT vs. ACT (SAT BREAKDOWN)
Check these off as we READING TEST - PASSAGE 1  4 Questions
complete them.
READING TEST – PASSAGE 1  13 Questions
1
WRITING TEST - PASSAGE 1  4 Questions
WRITING TEST - PASSAGE 1  6 Questions
MATH TEST (NO CALCULATOR)  12 Questions
HOMEWORK  88 Questions
Okay Carlos, let’s see how this exercise evolves for you. We
are going to be doing something a bit different that WILL
HELP YOU with the reading section if you embrace the
exercise…if not, then it will not help. OPEN YOUR MIND!

THE SAT BREAKDOWN

Questions 1-4 are based on the following Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early
passage. twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black
25 military-style uniform of a student. As he
This passage is from Lydia Minatoya, The bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a
Strangeness of Beauty. ©1999 by Lydia Minatoya. black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the
The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening
Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving
family. 30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double.
“Madame,” said Akira, “forgive my disruption,
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was but I come with a matter of urgency.”
that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and
mother to speak to his father to approach a stole a deferential peek at her face.
Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive? 35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity.
5 He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the Chie felt herself starting to like him.
door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, “Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely
so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid your business can wait for a moment or two.”
knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, “I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would
the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a 40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word
10 calling card to the drawing room, for Chie. of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America, as
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.”
was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at “Congratulations,” Chie said with amusement.
a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt “That is an opportunity, I’m sure. But how am I
spread over the sides of the table so their legs were 45 involved?”
15 tucked inside with the heat. Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the
“Who is it at this hour, in this weather?” Chie name card, Chie had no idea. Akira’s message,
questioned as she picked the name card off the delivered like a formal speech, filled her with
maid’s lacquer tray. maternal amusement. You know how children speak
“Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,” she read. 50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about
20 Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?
intake of air. That’s how she viewed him, as a child.
“I think you should go,” said Naomi.

It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though 1
Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts 1 Where and when is the story set?
55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no
effort to find her a husband. In 1920 in Japan.
Akira blushed.
“Depending on your response, I may stay in
Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”
60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night. 2
“Does Naomi know anything of your . . . 1 What do you think is the primary purpose of the
ambitions?” passage?
“We have an understanding. Please don’t judge
my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I
It follows a character, Akira, as he asks his
65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes
much time. Either method comes down to the same fiancé’s mother, Chie, for permission to marry
thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your her daughter, Naomi. Throughout we learn of his
consent, I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the unorthodox approach and identify from the
House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to narrative just how he and she feel about the
70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.” interaction.
Eager to make his point, he’d been looking her full
in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. “I see
I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no 3
more of your evening. My address is on my card. If 1 Does it appear that Naomi knew about Akira’s
75 you don’t wish to contact me, I’ll reapproach you in plans? Or was she as surprised as Chie at his
two weeks’ time. Until then, good night.” presence? If your answer is that SHE DID
He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless KNOW, give the lines of “evidence” that she
grace, like a cat making off with a fish. knew? (Ex. She knew because in lines 1 thru 3,
“Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and blah, blah, blah, etc.)
80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”
The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes, her dark brows She did know…the evidence is in not only her
gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were
reaction when Chie reads his name off his
preposterous.
“Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He business card (lines 19-22) but also when Naomi
85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to engages Chie in lines 79-81 and her lack of
America all in the snap of his fingers!” response in line 88. It should be apparent that
Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter. Akira and Naomi had discussed and possibly
Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute planned this visit.
looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke.
90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”
Naomi turned to go back into the house, then 4
stopped. 1 Why do you think Akira apologizes to Chie in
“Mother.” line 73?
“Yes?”
95 “I mean to have him.” It is apparent that Chie, being of a noble family,
* a man who marries a woman of higher status and should be addressed in a customarily respectful
takes her fashion. Akira, in his angst, had begun to deviate
family’s name from this respectful approach and had begun to
visibly startle (possibly even upset) her. He
apologizes for his behavior when he realizes how
it has affected her.

Questions 1-13 are based on the following delivered like a formal speech, filled her with
passage. maternal amusement. You know how children speak
50 so earnestly, so hurriedly, so endearingly about
This passage is from Lydia Minatoya, The things that have no importance in an adult’s mind?
Strangeness of Beauty. ©1999 by Lydia Minatoya. That’s how she viewed him, as a child.
The setting is Japan in 1920. Chie and her daughter It was how she viewed Naomi. Even though
Naomi are members of the House of Fuji, a noble Naomi was eighteen and training endlessly in the arts
family. 55 needed to make a good marriage, Chie had made no
effort to find her a husband.
Akira came directly, breaking all tradition. Was Akira blushed.
that it? Had he followed form—had he asked his “Depending on your response, I may stay in
mother to speak to his father to approach a Japan. I’ve come to ask for Naomi’s hand.”
Line go-between—would Chie have been more receptive? 60 Suddenly Chie felt the dampness of the night.
5 He came on a winter’s eve. He pounded on the “Does Naomi know anything of your . . .
door while a cold rain beat on the shuttered veranda, ambitions?”
so at first Chie thought him only the wind. The maid “We have an understanding. Please don’t judge
knew better. Chie heard her soft scuttling footsteps, my candidacy by the unseemliness of this proposal. I
the creak of the door. Then the maid brought a 65 ask directly because the use of a go-between takes
10 calling card to the drawing room, for Chie. much time. Either method comes down to the same
Chie was reluctant to go to her guest; perhaps she thing: a matter of parental approval. If you give your
was feeling too cozy. She and Naomi were reading at consent, I become Naomi’s yoshi.* We’ll live in the
a low table set atop a charcoal brazier. A thick quilt House of Fuji. Without your consent, I must go to
spread over the sides of the table so their legs were 70 America, to secure a new home for my bride.”
15 tucked inside with the heat. Eager to make his point, he’d been looking her full
“Who is it at this hour, in this weather?” Chie in the face. Abruptly, his voice turned gentle. “I see
questioned as she picked the name card off the I’ve startled you. My humble apologies. I’ll take no
maid’s lacquer tray. more of your evening. My address is on my card. If
“Shinoda, Akira. Kobe Dental College,” she read. 75 you don’t wish to contact me, I’ll reapproach you in
20 Naomi recognized the name. Chie heard a soft two weeks’ time. Until then, good night.”
intake of air. He bowed and left. Taking her ease, with effortless
“I think you should go,” said Naomi. grace, like a cat making off with a fish.
Akira was waiting in the entry. He was in his early “Mother?” Chie heard Naomi’s low voice and
twenties, slim and serious, wearing the black 80 turned from the door. “He has asked you?”
25 military-style uniform of a student. As he The sight of Naomi’s clear eyes, her dark brows
bowed—his hands hanging straight down, a gave Chie strength. Maybe his hopes were
black cap in one, a yellow oil-paper umbrella in the preposterous.
other—Chie glanced beyond him. In the glistening “Where did you meet such a fellow? Imagine! He
surface of the courtyard’s rain-drenched paving 85 thinks he can marry the Fuji heir and take her to
30 stones, she saw his reflection like a dark double. America all in the snap of his fingers!”
“Madame,” said Akira, “forgive my disruption, Chie waited for Naomi’s ripe laughter.
but I come with a matter of urgency.” Naomi was silent. She stood a full half minute
His voice was soft, refined. He straightened and looking straight into Chie’s eyes. Finally, she spoke.
stole a deferential peek at her face. 90 “I met him at my literary meeting.”
35 In the dim light his eyes shone with sincerity. Naomi turned to go back into the house, then
Chie felt herself starting to like him. stopped.
“Come inside, get out of this nasty night. Surely “Mother.”
your business can wait for a moment or two.” “Yes?”
“I don’t want to trouble you. Normally I would 95 “I mean to have him.”
40 approach you more properly but I’ve received word
of a position. I’ve an opportunity to go to America, as * a man who marries a woman of higher status and
takes her
dentist for Seattle’s Japanese community.” family’s name
“Congratulations,” Chie said with amusement.
“That is an opportunity, I’m sure. But how am I
45 involved?”
Even noting Naomi’s breathless reaction to the
name card, Chie had no idea. Akira’s message,

1 4
1 Which choice best describes what happens 1 Which of the following is accurate regarding
chronologically in the passage? Chie’s sentiment toward Akira?
A) One character pursues a course of action that A) She almost immediately enjoys his presence.
is not surprising to another character
B) She is remarkably confused as to the reason
B) One character’s behavior is deemed for his visit.
unacceptable by another character
C) She respects him for making an effort to win
C) One character and his fiancé attempt to flee over her daughter.
the oppressive household of the fiancé
D) She is upset that he chose to approach her the
D) One character seeks permission from another way she did.
character to pursue a course of action
5
2 1 Which choice provides the best evidence for the
1 It can reasonably be inferred from the first answer to the previous question?
passage the the go-between (line 4) is
A) Line 11 (“Chie…guest”)
A) an individual tasked to establish formal
contact between two families B) Line 36 (“Chie…him”)
B) an intermediary that serves to listen to and C) Line 43 (“’Congratulations’…amusement”)

settle inter-family disputes D) Line 84 (“’Where…fellow’?”)
C) a family member of Akira that could have
helped him communicate with Chie 6
D) a family member of Chie that should have 1 According to line 34, what exactly does Akira
been approached first do?
A) He took a quick, but respectful, look at Chie.

3 B) He stared at Chie with a look of awe.
1 The purpose of lines 23-30 (“Akira
was...double”) is to C) He looked at Chie with a look of disdain.
A) give the reader insight as to the traditions that D) Chie caught Akira smirking at her.
were followed when first meeting someone
B) establish the societal rank of the visitor 7
1 Which of the following is a synonym for the
C) provide the reader an idea of the visitor’s word disdain?
physical appearance and comportment
A) amusement
D) show the reader the academic rigors with
which students had to deal during that time B) jollity
C) contempt
True or False
T In the passage, Chie made his visit just before D) reverence
winter.
F Akira shows an utter lack of respect toward
Chie.

8 11
1 Which of the following can be reasonably 1 After Akira leaves and Naomi enters the room,
inferred from what Akira states in lines 39-41 Chie shows
(“I…position”)?
A) an air of pretention
A) Like a typical Japanese youth, he is very
apologetic when addressing elders. B) a bit of disdain
B) He is eager to spread the news about his C) a significant amount of disgust

pending opportunity in another country. D) a measured level of satisfaction
C) He is nervous about delivering certain news
to a woman. 12
D) He is concerned about having engaged an 1 Which choice provides the best evidence for the
elder in a specific manner. answer to the previous question?
A) Lines 37-38 (“Come…two”)

9 B) Lines 43-45 (“Congratulations…involved”)
1 In line 64, the word “unseemliness” most nearly
means C) Lines 61-62 (“Does…ambitions”)
A) impartiality D) Lines 84-86 (“’Where…fingers!”)
B) impropriety
13
C) condescension 1 From line 82 through to line 87, the author
D) contempt presents information that leads the reader to
understand that
10 A) Chie is optimistic about the possibility that

1 From lines 77-78, the reader can gather that Naomi will agree with her about the absurdity
Akira does what to Chie? of what has just happened.
A) Leaves her feeling content. B) Chie is expecting that Naomi will

immediately side with Akira and rebel against
B) Leaves her feeling complacent. Chie and the family’s traditions.
C) Leaves her feeling perturbed. C) Chie is positive that Naomi will give the
proposal some thought before making a final
D) Leaves her feeling shocked. decision.
True or False D) Chie believes Akira to be mentally insane and

T It can be inferred from the passage that Akira therefore not a good fit for Naomi.
does not come from a noble family like Naomi
does.
True or False
F Naomi has a “breathless reaction” to the name T The word preposterous is synonymous with
card because she does not know who Akira is the word unbelievable.
when she hears his name.
F From the passage it can be inferred that Naomi
F Chie is immediately amenable to Akira’s is typically disrespectful with Chie.
request.
T The end of the passage hints that Naomi may
T Chie originally thought that Naomi, like she, be more strong-willed than Chie thought.
would consider the whole proposal ridiculous.

Questions 1-4 are based on the following 1
passage. A) NO CHANGE
B) has
Whey to Go
C) will have
Greek yogurt – a strained form of cultured yogurt – D) could have
1 have grown enormously in popularity in the United 2

A) NO CHANGE
states 2 when it was first introduced in the country in
B) before
the late 1980s. C) since
From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in D) why
the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase 3

A) NO CHANGE
in Greek yogurt production has forced 3 those
B) them
involved in the business to address the 4 super bad C) these
effects that the yogurt-making process may be having D) they
on the environment. 4
A) NO CHANGE
B) beneficial
C) innocuous
D) deleterious

Questions 1-10 are based on the following 1
passage. A) NO CHANGE
B) niceness
Whey to Go
C) popularity
Greek yogurt – a strained form of cultured yogurt – D) could have
has grown enormously in 1 likeability in the United 2

states since it was first introduced in the country in the A) NO CHANGE
B) about
late 1980s.
C) in
From 2011 to 2012 alone, sales of Greek yogurt in D) beyond
the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase 3
in Greek yogurt production has forced those involved A) NO CHANGE
B) will find
C) could not find
2 on the business to address the deleterious effects D) have found
that the yogurt-making process may be having on the
4
environment. Fortunately, farmers and others in the The writer is considering deleting the underlined
Greek yogurt business 3 find many methods of sentence. Should the writer do this?
controlling and eliminating most environmental threats. A) Yes, because environmental threats are not the
4 Environmental threats should always be considered only cause of global warming
B) Yes, because the effects of environmental
because they are a leading cause of global warming threats are not the focus of passage up to this
and other man-caused trends. Given these solutions as point.
C) No, because environmental threats are serious
well as many health benefits of the food, the
enough that they should be mentioned at this
advantages of Greek yogurt outnumber the potential point in the passage.
drawbacks of 5 their production. D) No, because environmental threats are just one
of the side-effects of Greek yogurt production
[1] The main environmental problem caused by the
5
production of Greek yogurt is the creation of acid whey A) NO CHANGE
as a by-product. [2] Because it requires up to four B) there
times more milk to make than conventional yogurt C) it’s
D) its
does, Greek yogurt produces larger amounts of acid
whey, which is difficult to dispose of. [3] To address 6
Which of the following would logically follow
the problem of disposal, farmers have found myriad
sentence 3 at this point in the passage?
uses for acid whey. 6 r
A) They know it is harmful to birds and plants.
B) They can use it as a protein supplement in feed.
C) They are convinced it will seriously damage the
environment.
D) They have determined its disposal is easy.

1 4
1 3a - 2 1 Every year the population of a specific species of
If = h and h = 7, what is the value of a ?
4 rabbit in a certain region doubles in number. If this
trend continues, there will be 2,800 of these rabbits
A) 4 in three years. How many rabbits were in this
B) 6 population last year?
C) 8
D) 10 A) 1400
B) 700
C) 350
2 D) 175
1 Daniel is manufacturing 1 meter rulers. If the ruler
differs from the expected length by 0.5 mm or less,
it is accepted and set aside for shipment to vendors.
If l is the length of a ruler in meters, which of the
following absolute value inequalities represents the 5
rulers that Daniel does NOT accept? 1 If the equation m(m – 5) = 14 has two solutions,
what is the sum of those solutions?
A) l - 0.005 > 1
A) 9
B) l - 1 �0.0005 B) 7
C) l - 1 �0.0005 C) 5
D) l - 0.0005 �1 D) -5
3
1 A mathematician has determined that the
expression “5x – 3” has an absolute value of 27 6
units. Determine a value for x that would satisfy 1
this criterion.
6
The graph above is a line representing function g

where g(x) = 4x – 3. If g(a – 8) = –3, what is the
value of a?
A) 10
B) 9
C) 8
D) 6

7 10
1 If ( x - 4 ) ( 2 x ) = ax 2 + bx + c, what is the value 1 On Monday morning, Angie sent out a texts
of 2a + 3b - 4c ? each hour for 3 + c total hours, and Conchi sent
out c texts each hour for 4 + a total hours.
A) 10 Which of the following represents the total
B) -18 number of texts sent by Angie and Conchi on
Monday morning?
C) -20
D) -4 A) 3a + ac + 4c
B) 4a + 2ac + 3c
C) 9a2c2
8
D) 3a + 2ac + 4c
1 For i = -1, what is the value of ( 2 - 3i ) ?
2
11
A) -5 – 12i 1 Raul has to sort through many files at the end of
B) 3 + 12i each work day. The number of files that he has to
C) 13 – 12i sort through completely at the end of each day is
D) 8 + 4i N(h) = 22 – 7h, where N is the number of files left
to sort through after h hours. What is the meaning
9 of the -7 in the equation?
1 There are 15 boys in Adam’s math class. He and
his friend, Mikey, are to be part of a three-person A) Raul takes 7 hours to completely sort through
committee in charge of planning the class’ end-of- all files.
year trip. How many different committees are B) Raul sorts through 7 files each hour.
possible? C) Raul takes 7 hours to sort through each file.
13
D) Raul sorts through 22 files in 7 hours.
12
1
The graph above is a line representing function k

where g(x) = 6x – 3. If g(p) = 0, what is the value
of p?
1
A)
2
B) 2
C) 6
D) 18

HOMEWORK
The following is an excerpt from a reader’s online
submission to an advice columnist; the man is writing 2
in about a tattoo his fiancé recently had put on her 1 It can be inferred from the account above that the
body. author
So imagine my surprise when I got home to A) will likely leave his fiancé
discover my fiancée had lovingly had my name B) will go out and get a tattoo of his own
tattooed on a private area of her body.
For me, tattoos represent low-life, trailer-trash C) will probably have a follow-up conversation
(5) graffiti of the body. To be fair, I don’t recall ever with his fiancé about her getting the tattoo
having discussed my views of such with her, so I D) will suppress his true feelings and encourage
tried to sound excited: “Wow, honey, I can’t his fiancé to get more tattoos
believe you did that. I feel so . . . honored.”
However, privately, I’m really kind of bummed 3
(10) out about it, and the idea of watching that thing 1 According to the passage, the author
age and stretch over the years is totally turning me
off.
A) makes class assumptions about people who
No, I won’t break off the engagement over
have tattoos
this, but what on earth do I do to not be repulsed
(15) by this going forward, and how do I make sure it B) is dismayed that society applauds such an
never happens again? If it becomes a habit, I egregious marring of the human form
really might not be able to continue with the C) believes he and his future wife will have to talk
relationship, and I wouldn’t want any future kids to his kids before they get tattoos
to think it’s okay because Mommy has it. These D) is not going to propose to his girlfriend until she
(20) are points that should definitely be part of some agrees to have the tattoo removed
discussion between us at some moment.
What also bothers me is that she went ahead 4
and did it without even consulting with me. Yeah, 1 In line 14, the word “repulsed” can be replaced
her body is her own, but still, we’re going to with which of the following so as to not change the
(25) spend the rest of our lives together and it seems meaning of the sentence?
kind of insulting to make such a dramatic decision
without even a conversation (although it was A) interested
meant to surprise me and make me happy). Ugh!
B) angered
C) repented
D) appalled
1
1 The author recounts a moment when he first 5
learned of the tattoo and had to 1 The author primarily feels
A) express genuine emotion

A) insulted
B) feign enthusiasm
B) conflicted
C) create an ambience of comfort
C) disgusted
D) appear dismayed with another person
D) deceived

6 9
1 The family members were encouraged to eat 1 Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive.
something to stave off their hunger.
In the line provided after each statement, write
In the statement above, the word “family” is a(n) the word transitive or intransitive to identify
the underlined verb.
A) abstract noun
B) collective noun (i) The scent of fresh sheets welcomes the
C) proper noun guests to their rooms. transitive
D) personal pronoun (ii) The new album is slated to arrive in stores at
midnight. intransitive
7 C) The ball landed only inches from the hole.
1 The explosion that shook the town was caused by intransitive
an error at the factory. D) A blues singer does not always sing sad
songs. transitive
The best categorization for the phrase that shook
the town is that of a
10
A) subordinate clause 1 Underline the verb in each of the following
B) prepositional phrase sentences – then, in the space provided, write a
LIVELIER VERB to enhance the sentence.
C) interrogative noun phrase
D) relative pronoun phrase (i) The car drove by at a dangerously high
speed. sped
8 (ii) The parachutist fell to the ground.
1 Use an appropriate interrogative pronoun (e.g. plummeted
who, whom, whose, what, or which) to come up
with a question to which each of the following (iii) The rain came down in buckets. poured
statements might serve as an answer.
11
Write your new interrogative sentence in the
1 Use one of the following prepositions to
space provided. (there may be more than one way
to phrase it) complete each statement. Each one THAT IS
USED will be used JUST ONCE; one of them is
NOT USED.
(i) These are Caro’s jeans?
Whose Jeans are these? after between among without in above
(i) Mary arrived at the party after everyone else.
(ii) This car belongs to Gabriella. (ii) Lawrence was defeated without his sword
and armor.
To whom does this car belong?
(iii) Between Carlos and Amy, Amy is the better
piano player.
(iii) The Pulitzer Prize is named after Joseph (iv) The red-breasted willow whipper is the
Pulitzer. loudest among all the whipper species.
After whom is the Pulitzer Prize named? (b) She found the keys in the hamper.

12 14
1 Underline the subordinating conjunction in 1
each of the following sentences.
(i) Although Carlos studied for hours, he still

failed the exam.
(ii) Some teachers assign homework that
basically serves as busy work.
(iii) Marta kept practicing her speech until she
knew it from memory. Rounded to the nearest whole number, what is
the perimeter of the sector above?
(iv) Angel always puts on goggles before turning
on the table saw. A) 15
B) 12
13
1 For each of the following sentences, underline C) 9
the direct object ONCE and the indirect object D) 3
TWICE.
(i) Carlos has always given his students a fair
chance to earn a good grade.
(ii) The players usually give the ball boy their
bats.
(iii) The parents rewarded their children with
money for their good behavior.
Lessons and Practice Questions

Carlos, there are two main types of multiple-choice questions on the SAT Language and
Writing Test (they are the same type on the ACT) English Test:
 questions about usage and mechanics, and
 questions about rhetorical skills.
Let us be mindful always of the following: while the exam does test your knowledge of
grammar and rhetoric, the test is NOT actually about reciting grammar rules or proper
writing techniques. To this end, you will NOT be asked to correct any misspelled words or
name five ways to introduce an essay. But you will be asked to identify the correct use of
words and punctuation and to evaluate or employ certain writing strategies in context.
In other words, you WILL apply your knowledge of grammar and rhetoric to written
passages and along the way you will be responsible for correcting errors within
sentences and choosing rhetorical techniques to make passages more effective.
So, while you DO NOT need to be able to recite grammar rules, you DO need to
know how to apply those rules to write grammatically correct sentences. You also
need to know some basic strategies for effective writing. That’s what we will review
starting in just a moment. First, let’s take a quick look at the breakdown of how your
English score comes to be:
SPECIFIC CONTENT SPECIFIC SKILLS ON THE CORRESPONDING

AREA WHICH YOU ARE TESTED SCORING PERCENTAGE
Usage and Mechanics Sentence Structure just about 24%

(about 53% of exam)
Punctuation about 13%
Grammar and Usage about 16%

53%
Rhetorical Skills General Writing Strategies about 16%

(about 47% of exam)
Organizational Techniques about 15%
Style just about 16%

47%
A Couple More Things: The passages on the SAT Writing & Language cover myriad
general-interest topics such as the life of a famous person or the history of an interesting
invention. Each passage is typically four to five short paragraphs in length. As you saw in the
pretest, questions about grammar and usage generally refer to specific, underlined words or
phrases in the passages while questions about rhetorical skills may refer to one or more
sentences or paragraphs or even to the entire passage.
You may have noticed that the sentences and paragraphs are often numbered to correspond
with specific questions. For each question, you will need to determine which of the four
choices is the best answer. You will always have the option of selecting “no change” if you
believe the sentence or paragraph is correct or most effective as it stands.
Because the questions are contextual, you may need to read several sentences beyond an
underlined passage or section to determine the best answer to the question
Usage and Mechanics

(about 53% of exam)
SUBJECTS, PREDICATES, & OBJECTS

When we write, we express our ideas in complete and correctly written sentences. But
what is a sentence, exactly?
A SENTENCE is the basic unit of written expression in English – it can be very simple or
very complex but what NEVER, EVER changes is that it consists of two essential parts:
1)a subject and

2)a predicate
Furthermore, any sentence must express a complete thought. This idea is sometimes
hotly debated but putting aside our own passions about what constitutes a COMPLETE
THOUGHT, we need to really focus on the rules of standard written English.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
The subject of a sentence tells The predicate tells us
us who or what the sentence something about the subject
is about—alternatively, who or —alternatively, what the
what is performing the action subject is or does.
of the sentence.
Thus, in the following sentence where the subject is separated from the predicate by a
forward slash (/):
The wind / is howling .
the word wind is the subject. It the phrase is howling is what we call a
TELLS US what the sentence is verb phrase. It describes the action
about – in this case, it is who or that is BEING PERFORMED by the
what PERFORMS THE action of the subject.
sentence.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SINGULAR/PLURAL SUBJECT
The subject of a sentence can be singular or compound (plural):
I / drove for hours.
Omar and I / drove for hours.
singular subject compound subject

(two subjects are PERFORMING the action)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SINGULAR/PLURAL PREDICATE
The predicate of a sentence can ALSO be singular or compound (plural):

I / washed the windows.
I / washed the windows and
hung new curtains.
singular predicate compound predicate

(two actions BEING PERFORMED by the subject)
DIRECT OBJECT
In many sentences, someone or something “receives” the action expressed in the
predicate (specifically, the verb). This person or thing RECEIVING THE ACTION is called
the direct object of the verb.
In the sentences below, the subject and predicate are separated by a slash (/) and the
direct object is underlined and blue:
I / washed the windows .

direct object Rover / wants food .
direct object
The windows receive the action of Food receives the action

being washed by whomever I represents. of being wanted by Rover.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
INDIRECT OBJECT
Sentences can also have an indirect object: a person or thing which “receives” the
direct object. In the sentences below, the direct object is underlined and blue and the
indirect object is in underlined and bold blue – notice the indirect object typically
COMES BEFORE the direct object:
I / asked Vladimir a question .

indirect object direct object The guest / gave the host a gift .
indirect object direct object
Vladimir receives the question; The host receives the gift; the gift, in turn,
the question, in turn, receives receives the action of being given.
the action of being asked.
PRACTICE
For each of the following sentences, please do each of the following:
A. Put a slash (“/”) between the subject and the predicate.

B. Identify whether the subject is singular or compound.
C. Identify whether the predicate is singular or compound.

D. Underline any direct objects.
E. Circle or box any indirect objects. A. Lukas / painted a picture .
direct object
(first one has been done for you)
B. singular subject
1. Lukas painted a picture. C. singular predicate
D. picture
E. no indirect object
2. The zookeeper gave the sea lions their dinner.
A. The zookeeper / gave the sea lions their dinner .

direct object
B. singularsubject
C. singular predicate
D. dinner
E. lions
3. Carlos studied hard and passed the exam easily.
A. Carlos / studied hard and passed the exam easily.

direct object
B. singularsubject
C. pluralpredicate
D. exam
E. NO INDIRECT OBJECT
4. Carlos and Peter have been friends since grade school.
A. Carlos and Peter / have been friends since grade school.

direct object
B. pluralsubject
C. singular predicate
D. friends
E. NO INDIRECT OBJECT
INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT CLAUSES
A clause contains a subject and a predicate and may also have direct and indirect objects.
An independent clause expresses a complete thought; it can stand on its own as a

sentence.
A dependent clause, on the other hand, cannot stand alone because it expresses an
incomplete idea. When a dependent clause stands alone, the result is a sentence
fragment
He forgot his keys.

Because he forgot his keys
independent clause dependent clause

(can stand on its own) (cannot stand on its own)
Notice that the dependent clause is incomplete; it requires an additional thought to make
a complete sentence, such as:
Because he forgot his keys, he was late.

OR
He was late because he forgot his keys.
Carlos, did you notice that there is a comma in the first option in which the dependent
clause comes first. This brings us to a simple COMMA RULE:
COMMA RULE #1
Use commas after introductory
i) clauses
ii) phrases or
iii) words that come before the main clause.
Common starter words (or subordinating conjunctions) for introductory clauses that should
be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while.
While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.
Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class.

If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.
When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.
However, DO NOT put a comma after the main clause when a dependent (subordinate) clause
follows it (except for cases of extreme contrast).
INCORRECT: The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating.
CORRECT: She was still quite upset, although she had won the
Oscar. (This comma use is correct because it is an example of extreme contrast.)
BACK TO THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:
Again, the dependent clause CANNOT STAND ALONE; the independent clause, however,
can stand alone. It IS a complete thought.
Remember our dependent clause again:

Because he forgot his keys
What makes the dependent clause above dependent is the word because. Because, you
may recall, is one of many subordinating conjunctions which include the following:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after before that when
although if though where
as, as if once unless wherever
because since until while
When a clause begins with a subordinating conjunction, it MUST BE connected to an

independent clause to become a complete thought – the independent clause may
appear BEFORE or AFTER the dependent clause as we have already seen:
Because he forgot his keys, he was late.

dependent clause independent clause
I was so tired that I left the party.

independent clause dependent clause
A sentence with both a dependent clause (DC) and independent clause (IC) is called a
complex sentence. Both sentences on the previous page are complex sentences.
ARE ALL SENTENCES WITH TWO CLAUSES CONSIDERED “COMPLEX?” NOT

EXACTLY: When two independent clauses are combined, the result is a compound
sentence like the following:
He was late, so he lost the account.
Notice the use of the comma (,)  The most common way to join two independent
clauses is with a comma and a coordinating conjunction: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet.
Independent clauses can also be joined with a semi-colon IF the ideas in the sentences
are CLOSELY RELATED – otherwise, it will not sound quite right.
I am tall , and he is short. [IC, CC + IC] – comma is OK!
I am tall ; he is short . [IC; IC] no CC, so comma is NOT OK!
I was late, yet I still got the account. [IC, CC + IC] comma is OK!
PHRASES & MODIFIERS
Sentences are often “filled out” by phrases and modifiers.
PHRASES MODIFIERS
Phrases are groups of words that do Modifiers are words and phrases that
not have both a subject and predicate; qualify or describe people, places,
things, ideas, and actions.
phrases might have either a subject or
a verb, but not both, and sometimes Modifiers include adjectives (e.g., red,
neither. exclusive, humid) and adverbs (e.g.,
happily, cautiously).
The most common phrases are
prepositional phrases, which consist of Like prepositional phrases, modifiers
a preposition and a noun or pronoun help us ENHANCE our sentences, giving
that will serve as the object of that them greater substance and more
preposition. (e.g., in the barn) meaning.
In the following examples,
(i) the subject and predicate are separated by a forward slash (/)
(ii) prepositional phrases are underlined,
(iii) the preposition and its object are in red, and
(iv) the modifiers (or adjectives/adverbs) are in bold blue:
He / was very late for an important meeting with a new client.
The motel room / had a small refrigerator in the corner and a large table by the door.
Sandra / was so upset by his rude remark that she immediately left the birthday party.
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions are extremely important; they help us understand how objects
relate to each other in space and time. Recognizing them can help you quickly
check for subject-verb agreement and other grammar issues. Here is a list of
the most common prepositions:
about behind down like since up
above below during near through upon
across beneath except of throughout with
after beside for off till without
against besides from on to
around between in out toward
at beyond inside outside under
before by into over until
PRACTICE
Rewrite each of the following sentences. As you do:
A. Place brackets, [ ], around any dependent clauses.

B. Underline any prepositional phrases and write out (or shade) the preposition
and object in red.
C. Circle or box any modifiers in blue.
(first one has been done for you)
1. Since the research paper is due in precisely two weeks, I should finish my research
over the upcoming long weekend.
�
Since the research paper is due in precisely two weeks �
, I should finish my research
� �
over the upcoming , long weekend .
2. Xiu picked up Maria up at her house and they drove to the beach in her brand , new
convertible.
3. [After Sean put the entertainment center together], he realized that it wouldn’t fit
through the door of the TV room.
4. Lily felt uncomfortable at the party [even though she knew almost everyone].

5. High-rise window washing is one of the most dangerous jobs on Earth.

1 INDEPENDENT (or MAIN) CLAUSES
1
NOTES: Okay, let us delve a bit deeper into the idea of CLAUSES.
When you studied some prepositional phrases in a previous portion of this packet, you
HOPEFULLY learned that:
 A phrase: is a group of words without a subject and a verb.

 A clause: is a group of words with a subject and a verb.
Furthermore, under the category of clause, we know that there are TWO KINDS:
 An independent (or main) clause – it can STAND ALONE without any other clauses
necessary.
 A dependent (or subordinate) clause – it CANNOT STAND ALONE; it needs to be coupled
with an independent clause for it to make sense.
Let us focus on the INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. To identify such a clause, we need to find a verb
and a subject.
EXERCISE 1: In the following sentences, identify the underlined group of words as a phrase or
an independent clause. Write your answer on the line at the right.
1. Many people complain loudly about junk mail. independent clause
2. It arrives in large quantities daily. independent clause
3. Getting on these mailing lists is easy. phrase
4. Companies have always exchanged information

phrase
regarding consumers.

5. Rented memberships and subscription lists have been
phrase
another resource used by advertisers.
2 CONNECTING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

1
NOTES:
THE SIMPLE SENTENCE

A simple sentence contains only ONE clause. Which of the following two sentences
is a simple sentence?
1. Mr. Hughes has dreamed of graduating.

2. For a long time since building his first race care nineteen years ago, Mr. Hughes
has dreamed of graduating to the NASCAR Grand National Circuit.
GUESS WHAT? BOTH sentences are simple sentences. Although the second sentence
contains more phrases, if you read it carefully you’ll notice that it has only ONE
independent clause: in other words, only one subject and one verb. In fact, BOTH
sentences have the same subject and verb:
Subject (S) Auxiliary Verb (AV) Verb (V)

gets circled gets single underlined gets double underlined
Mr. Hughes has dreamed
THE COMPOUND SENTENCE

Which of the following two sentences contains more than one independent (or
main) clause and, therefore, is NOT a simple sentence?
1. Thousands of drivers like Mr. Hughes test themselves on America’s hundreds of

small dirt tracks, hoping to win $1,000, $100, or even just a trophy.
2. The race-car drivers hope to make it to the big-league tracks, and they love the
thrill of driving at very high speeds.
The first sentence has only one subject The second sentence, containing TWO
and one verb: independent clauses, is called a
compound sentence. It has two subjects
S V and two verbs:
Thousands test S V S V
Look closely again at this sentence and drivers hope …, and they love
notice that it is simple with ONE
independent clause.
Keep going…(unless you need to RE-READ this page and make sure you got it all)
QUICK REVIEW:
 A simple sentence contains ONE SUBJECT and ONE VERB. It is an example of an
independent clause.
 A compound sentence contains TWO independent clauses joined in some
grammatically correct way.
Now, try two more sentences. Which one is a simple sentence? Which one is a compound
sentence?
1. Trying to avoid a head-on collision with 2. He wanted to pull off the road, but he
another car, the driver turned his wheel could not do it quickly enough.
sharply to the right and crashed into a
wall. This sentence is a compound
sentence. It has TWO independent
This sentence is a simple sentence – it clauses: TWO SUBJECTS and TWO
contains ONE independent clause. That VERBS.
clause contains ONE SUBJECT and in this
case, a COMPOUND VERB: S V S AV V
S V V
He wanted but he could do
driver turned and crashed
EXERCISE 2:
A. Begin by circling the SUBJECTS and double underlining the verbs.
B. Identify each sentence as simple or compound. If the sentence has only ONE
independent clause, write S (for Simple) on the line to its right. If the sentence has
TWO OR MORE independent clauses, write C (for Compound) on the line to its right.
Example: Aurelio wanted a new bicycle, but he didn’t have enough money for one. _C_

1. Some people think of Iowa as flat, but some bicyclists know better now. C
2. Every year about seven thousand bicyclists ride slowly and painfully across the
S
state of Iowa.
3. The ride begins at the Missouri River along the state’s western border, and it ends
C
at its eastern edge along the Mississippi.
4. Many riders complain about injured knees as well as sunburns. S

5. The bicyclists are surprised by the hills of Iowa, for the land had looked flat to C
them.
JOINING INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

OKAY, pay extra careful attention to the follow:
There are THREE (3) ways to join the independent clauses of compound
sentences. You may use:
1) a coordinating conjunction (or coordinating connective)

2) a semicolon, or
3) an adverbial conjunction (or adverbial connective)
Examples:
 Karen and Jessica
 at work or at school
 Karen studies, but Jessica watches TV.
Remember these SEVEN (7) Coordinating Conjunctions (or connectives):
and but for nor or so yet
ALWAYS PUT A COMMA BEFORE the coordinating conjunction when it

joins TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES into a compound sentence.
Example: Suzanne was trying to lose weight, so she avoided eating desserts.
EXERCISE 3: Change these simple sentences into compound sentences by joining the
independent clauses with a comma AND a coordinating conjunction given in parentheses.
Also, circle the subjects and double underline the verbs.
1. (but) The doctor was a well-known specialist. My father would not accept her diagnosis.
Your new compound sentence here, please:
The doctor was a well-known specialist, but my father would not accept her diagnosis.

2. (and) The pole vaulter tried again to break the record. This time he succeeded.
The pole vaulter tried again to break the record, and this time he succeeded.
3. (so) It is a large house. They will have room for all their furniture.
It is a large house, so they will have room for all their furniture.
4. (for) Andrea spent four hours a day practicing the flute. She was determined to improve.
Andrea spent four hours a day practicing the flute, for she was determined to improve.
5. (or) We can drive to the beach. We can ride our new bicycles.
We can drive to the beach, or we can ride our new bicycles.
A semicolon (;) may be used to connect independent clauses.

Example: Suzanne read the health spa contract several times; she wanted to understand
the terms before signing it.
EXERCISE 4: Circle the subjects and underline the verbs. On the lines at the right, identify each
sentence as simple (S) or compound (C). Correct the compound sentence by joining the
independent clauses with semicolons. (if need be, use a different COLOR so it stands out)
1. Lucy likes to finish her homework before dinner; after eating she gets sleepy. C
2. Vivian brought pictures of our high-school class to the reunion; everyone laughed at
C
the dated clothes and hairstyles.
3. Arturo and his brother have borrowed money and opened a real estate office. S
4. Our neighbor was happy about his gold game today; for the first time he had a
C
lower score than his wife’s.
5. The children entertained themselves for half an hour by riding up and down on the
S
escalator.

The adverbial conjunctions (sometimes called adverbial connectives)
listed in the following box ALSO may be used to join independent clauses.
Addition: also further in addition moreover

Contrast: however instead nevertheless otherwise
Time: meanwhile then
Result: as a result consequently thus therefore
In Reality: in fact indeed
Use a semicolon (;) BEFORE the adverbial conjunctions

and FOLLOW the adverbial conjunction with a comma (,)
Example: Suzanne has lost ten pounds; therefore, she is proud of herself.
EXERCISE 5: Circle the subjects and underline the verbs. Choose an appropriate adverbial
conjunction from the words in the following box to connect the independent clauses in the
following sentences – PLEASE REWRITE THE SENTENCE WITH YOUR CHOSEN
CONJUNCTION. Use each conjunction ONLY ONCE. Punctuate the sentence correctly.
consequently in addition in fact instead then
1. We had planned to bicycle through England last summer. We painted the house and built a
fence.
Rewrite your sentence here:

We had planned to bicycle through England last summer; instead, we painted the house and
built a fence.
2. I forgot my umbrella this morning. I was soaked to the skin by the time I reached the office.

I forgot my umbrella this morning; consequently, I was soaked to the skin by the time I
reached the office.
3. Milt works six hours a day and overtime on weekends at a restaurant. He takes three classes
at a community college.

Milt works six hours a day and overtime on weekends at a restaurant; in addition, he takes
three classes at a community college.

4. First Norman reads the comics. He settles down to enjoy the sports section.

First Norman reads the comics; then, he settles down to enjoy the sports section.
5. Cindy looked very different with her new haircut. I hardly recognized her.

Cindy looked very different with her new haircut; in fact, I hardly recognized her.
PUNCTUATION
It turns out that the adverbial conjunctions can have a different role. In simple
sentences, for example, some adverbial conjunctions serve as ADVERBS and are
enclosed by COMMAS. These adverbs DO NOT join independent clauses like we
saw before.
Example: Eric sometimes guesses correctly the meanings of words. He should,

nevertheless, consult a dictionary from time to time.
EXERCISE 6: Punctuate the following sentences correctly. (if need be, use a different COLOR so
your punctuation stands out)
Example: A dictionary, indeed, can tell you the meaning of a word.
1. Besides that, a dictionary shows you how to spell a word.
2. A dictionary, in addition, shows you how to divide a word into syllables.
3. It can tell you, furthermore, the origin and development of a word.
4. A dictionary, in fact, is a good source of biographical information.
5. You must, however, develop the habit of consulting it frequently.

1 5
1 The audience showed its appreciation with a 1 Use an appropriate interrogative pronoun (e.g.
standing ovation. who, whom, whose, what, or which) to come up
with a question to which each of the following
In the statement above, the word “its” is a(n) statements might serve as an answer.
A) abstract noun Write your new interrogative sentence in the
B) collective noun space provided. (there may be more than one way
C) a possessive pronoun to phrase it)
D) an adverb
(i) This book belongs to Carlos.
2 To whom does this book belong?
1 In the statement from #1 above, the word
ovation most nearly means
A) a mediocre show of appreciation
B) a sustained and enthusiastic show of (ii) He is going to the concert alone.
appreciation Who is going to the concert along?
C) disapproval With whom is he going to the concert?
D) disdain
(iii) The letter should be addressed to him.
3
1 Use the following word bank to complete each To whom should the letter be addressed?
definition:
disdain mediocre sustain ovation 6

A) sustain (v): to strengthen or support, 1 Underline the verb in each of the following
physically or mentally. sentences – then, in the space provided, write a
LIVELIER VERB to enhance the sentence.
B) disdain (n): the feeling that someone or
something is not worthy of one’s respect. (i) The car drove by at a dangerously high
speed. sped
C) ovation (n): an enthusiastic display of
appreciation (usually involves standing and (ii) The parachutist fell to the ground.
clapping) plummeted
(iii) The rain came down in buckets. poured
D) mediocre (adj): of only moderate quality; not
very good. 7
1 Underline the subordinating conjunction in
4 each of the following sentences.
1 The explosion at the factory was caused by
(i) Until Jessica arrives, we are not going
human error.
anywhere.
The best categorization for the phrase at the (ii) Some teachers assign homework that
factory is that of a basically serves as busy work.
(iii) Faviola studied for several hours because
A) subordinate clause she had to pass this next exam.
B) prepositional phrase (iv) Before working with dangerous power tools,
C) interrogative noun phrase Peter puts on safety goggles.
D) relative pronoun phrase

Okay scholar, try these five math problems. A CALCULATOR is allowed.
8 10
1 The monthly membership fee for an online 1 A slab of fudge weighs 8 pounds. It is first cut into
television and movie service is $12.99. The cost of equal fourths and each of these fourths is then
viewing television shows online is included with further divided into five identical smaller pieces.
the membership. Movies, however, cost extra. What is the weight, in ounces, of each of the
Each movie rents for $2.50. In February, Carlos’ smaller pieces? (1 pound = 16 ounces)
total bill for the service including his membership
and movie rental fees was $27.99. How many A) 6.4
movies did Carlos rent online in February?
B) 5.8
A) 4 C) 4.0
B) 6 D) 3.4
C) 8
D) 9 11
1 3(h – 6)(2h + 1)
Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression above?
9
1 One of the requirements for becoming a paralegal A) 5h2 – 13h – 6
at a law firm is the ability to sort 80 files per
minute. Emily can currently sort 45 files per B) 5h2 – 33h – 18
minute, and has determined that with practice she
C) 6h2 – 13h – 18
can increase her sorting speed by 5 files per minute
each week. Which of the following represents the D) 6h2 – 33h – 18
number of files per minute that Emily has
determined she will be able to sort x weeks from
now?
12
A) 5 + 45x 1 Last year, Peter made $4,000 more than Mary who
B) 80 + 5x made $2,000 more than Paul. If they earned a
combined total of $128,000, how much did Mary
C) 45 + 5x earn last year?
D) 80 – 5x
A) $40,000
B) $42,000
C) $46,000
D) $48,000

13 POLYNOMIAL MATH
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to x( x - 8) + 10( x - 8)?
(hint: DO NOT distribute...look carefully and notice the "x - 8" is actually a GCF)
A) ( x - 18) ( x + 8 )
B) ( x + 8) ( x - 10 )
C) ( x - 8) ( x + 10 )
D) ( x + 8) ( x + 10 )
14 NUMBER THEORY
1 3 7
Which of the following inequalities is accurate regarding the numbers , , and ?
4 10 100
7 3 1
A) < <
100 10 4
7 1 3
B) < <
100 4 10
1 7 3
C) < <
4 100 10
3 1 3
D) < <
10 4 10
15 SOLVING FOR x? or x2? or xn?

5 4
What is the value of m if 3m8 - 5 = 427?
6
A) 3
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10

16 POLYGON GEOMETRY
In the figure below, rectangle ABCD is known to have a perimeter P = 64 and area A = 240.
AB
Rectangle MNOP is similar to rectangle ABCD with MN = , which of the following
4
would represent the new perimeter and area of rectangle MNOP?
A) P = 16, A = 60
B) P = 4, A = 15
C) P = 16, A = 15
D) P = 4, A = 60
17 LINE ALGEBRA
A line in the standard ( x, y ) coordinate plane passes through the points ( -3, - 6) and ( x, 10).
If the line is vertical, what is the value of x ?
A) 3
B) 4
C) - 3
D) - 6
18 SQUARE ROOTS & SQUARES/CUBE ROOTS & CUBES, ETC.

The cube root of a certain number is decreased by 4 to yield a result of - 2.584.
The number is between which of the following integers?
A) 1 and 2
B) 2 and 3
C) 3 and 4
D) 4 and 5


Session 1 - in Class Packet - Carlos Ortiz

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Session 1 - in Class Packet - Carlos Ortiz

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Mr. Carlos Ortiz | CARLOS ORTIZ / ADAM PEREIRA page 1 of 36

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

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B) an intermediary that serves to listen to and C) Line 43 (“’Congratulations’…amusement”)

A) He took a quick, but respectful, look at Chie.

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

B) He is eager to spread the news about his C) a significant amount of disgust

A) Lines 37-38 (“Come…two”)

10 A) Chie is optimistic about the possibility that

A) Leaves her feeling content. B) Chie is expecting that Naomi will

True or False D) Chie believes Akira to be mentally insane and

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

1 have grown enormously in popularity in the United 2

the US increased by 50 percent. The resulting increase 3

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has grown enormously in 1 likeability in the United 2

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The graph above is a line representing function g

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

The graph above is a line representing function k

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

A) express genuine emotion

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

(i) Although Carlos studied for hours, he still

Lessons and Practice Questions

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

SPECIFIC CONTENT SPECIFIC SKILLS ON THE CORRESPONDING

Usage and Mechanics Sentence Structure just about 24%

Grammar and Usage about 16%

Rhetorical Skills General Writing Strategies about 16%

Style just about 16%

Usage and Mechanics

SUBJECTS, PREDICATES, & OBJECTS

1)a subject and

singular subject compound subject

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

singular predicate compound predicate

I / washed the windows .

The windows receive the action of Food receives the action

I / asked Vladimir a question .

A. Put a slash (“/”) between the subject and the predicate.

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

2. The zookeeper gave the sea lions their dinner.

A. The zookeeper / gave the sea lions their dinner .

3. Carlos studied hard and passed the exam easily.

A. Carlos / studied hard and passed the exam easily.

4. Carlos and Peter have been friends since grade school.

A. Carlos and Peter / have been friends since grade school.

An independent clause expresses a complete thought; it can stand on its own as a

He forgot his keys.

independent clause dependent clause

Because he forgot his keys, he was late.

While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.

SAT PREPARATION – READING/WRITING/MATH TOPICS = ALL

When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.

INCORRECT: The cat scratched at the door, while I was eating.

BACK TO THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE:

Remember our dependent clause again: