22018 Mabius stip - Wikipedia Mobius band with round boundary {edit} The edge, or boundary, of a Mébius strip is homeomorphic (topologically equivalent) to a circle. Under the usual ‘embeddings of the strip in Euclidean space, as above, the boundary is not a true circle. However, itis possible to embed a Mobius strip in three dimensions so that the boundary is a perfect circle lying in some plane. For ‘example, see Figures 307, 308, and 309 of "Geometry and the imagination’ (1 ‘Amuch more geometric embedding begins with a minimal Kiein bottle immersed in the 3-sphere, as discovered by Blaine Lawson. We then take half of this Klein bottle to get a Mobius band embedded in the 3-sphere (the unit sphere in 4-space). The result is sometimes called the "Sudanese Mabius Band’ ,{"9l where "sudanese" refers not to the country Sudan but to the names of two topologists, Sue Goodman and Daniel Asimov. Applying stereographic projection to the Sudanese band places it in 3-dimensional space, as can be seen below — a version due to George Francis can be found Hi From Lawson's minimal Klein bottle we derive an embedding of the band into the 3-sphere S°, regarded as a ‘subset of C2, which is geometrically the same as R*, We map angles n, @ to complex numbers 2+, 22 Via a =sinne” mm = cose? Here the parameter 1 runs from 0 to mand g runs from 0 to 217. Since | 2; |? + | 22 [2 = 1, the embedded surface lies entirely in S°. The boundary of the strip is given by | z |= 1 (corresponding to n = 0, 77), which is clearly a circle on the 3-sphere. To obtain an embedding of the Mébius strip in R? one maps S to R® via a stereographic projection. The projection point can be any point on $* that does not lie on the embedded Mobius strip (this rules out all the usual projection points). One possible choice is {1/+/2, ¢/+/2}. Stereographic projections map circles to circles and preserves the circular boundary of the strip. The result is a smooth embedding of the Mabius strip into R? with a circular edge and no self-intersections. Beoes ‘The Sudanese Mébius band in the three-sphere S° is geometrically a fibre bundle over a great circle, whose fibres are great semicircles. The most symmetrical image of a stereographic projection of this band into R® is ‘obtained by using a projection point that lies on that great circle that runs through the midpoint of each of the semicircles. Each choice of such a projection point results in an image that is congruent to any other. But because such a projection point lies on the Mdbius band itself, two aspects of the image are significantly different from the case (illustrated above) where the point is not on the band: 1) the image in R® is not the full Mabius band, but rather the band with one point removed (from its centerline); and 2) the image is unbounded — and as it gets increasingly far from the origin of R®, it increasingly approximates a plane. Yet this version of the stereographic image has a group of 4 symmetries in R® (it is isomorphic to the Klein 4-group), as compared with the bounded version illustrated above having its group of symmetries the unique group of order 2. if all symmetries and not just orientation-preserving isometries of R® are allowed, the numbers of symmetries in each ‘case doubles.) But the most geometrically symmetrical version of all is the original Sudanese Mabius band in the three- sphere S°, where its full group of symmetries is isomorphic to the Lie group (2). Having an infinite cardinality (that of the continuum), this is far larger than the symmetry group of any possible embedding of the Mébius band in’ ntpsifen wikipedia orgiwikiM¥sC2%BGbiug_striptcite_note-10 uw