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  • Crystal Imperfections

    Diunggah oleh

    Ash Yehia
    25 tayangan15 halaman
    Crystals contain various imperfections such as point defects like vacancies and solid solutions, linear defects like edge and screw dislocations, interfacial defects including grain boundaries and surfaces, and volume defects like pores, cracks and inclusions. Common point defects are vacancies, interstitial impurities, and substitutional impurities. Dislocations are linear defects that cause distortions defined by their Burgers vector. Interfacial defects occur at external crystal surfaces and grain boundaries. Volume defects include pores, cracks and foreign phases within the crystal volume.

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    Crystals contain various imperfections such as point defects like vacancies and solid solutions, linear defects like edge and screw dislocations, interfacial defects including grain boundaries and surfaces, and volume defects like pores, cracks and inclusions. Common point defects are vacancies, interstitial impurities, and substitutional impurities. Dislocations are linear defects that cause distortions defined by their Burgers vector. Interfacial defects occur at external crystal surfaces and grain boundaries. Volume defects include pores, cracks and foreign phases within the crystal volume.

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    25 tayangan15 halaman

    Crystal Imperfections

    Diunggah oleh

    Ash Yehia
    Crystals contain various imperfections such as point defects like vacancies and solid solutions, linear defects like edge and screw dislocations, interfacial defects including grain boundaries and surfaces, and volume defects like pores, cracks and inclusions. Common point defects are vacancies, interstitial impurities, and substitutional impurities. Dislocations are linear defects that cause distortions defined by their Burgers vector. Interfacial defects occur at external crystal surfaces and grain boundaries. Volume defects include pores, cracks and foreign phases within the crystal volume.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 15

    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Crystal
    Imperfections

    Silicon atom void


    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Crystal Imperfections
    • An idealized monocrystalline mass does not exist.
    • Al solids have a large number of defects or
    imperfections
    • Some imperfections are induced
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS
    Crystal Imperfections

    • Point Defects
    • Vacancies • Interfacial Defects
    • Solid solution – External faces
    • Interstitial Impurity
    • Substitutional Impurity – Grain boundaries
    • Dislocations (line defects) • Volume Defects
    • Edge
    • Screw dislocation
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Point Defects - Vacancies

    -All crystalline solids


    have vacancies
    -Self-interstitial is an
    atom from the lattice
    that is forced into
    interstices
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS
    Point Defects – Solid solution
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Point Defects - Substitution

    • Interstitial impurities occupy interstices in the


    matrix, ex. Carbon in iron

    • Substitution impurities substitute atoms in the


    matrix. Ex: metal alloys that are highly soluble
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Linear defects

    • A linear or one-dimensional defect


    • The distortion is defined by the burgers vector
    denoted by “b”.
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS
    Dislocations - Edge
    • Edge dislocation occurs
    when an extra plane of
    atoms is forces into the
    lattice
    • Defined along the end of
    the half plane or the
    dislocation line
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS
    Glide of an edge dislocation
    • Break one bond at a time, much easier than
    breaking all the bonds along the slip plane
    simultaneously, and thus lower yield stress.

    D.R. Askeland and P.P. Phule, The Science and Engineering of Materials, Brooks/Cole (2003).
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Dislocations - Screw
    Formed by shear stress
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Combinations
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Interfacial defects

    - External Surfaces
    - Grain boundaries

    TEM photo of Titanium


    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS
    SOLIDIFICATION INTO POLYCRYSTALS
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Volume Defects
    • Pores
    • Cracks
    • Foreign inclusions
    • Other phases
    CRYSTALLINE IMPERFECTIONS

    Summary: Crystal Imperfections


    1. Point Defects
    2. Linear defects - Dislocations
    3. Interfacial Defects
    4. Volume defects

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