COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATIONS FOR MEDTECH A.Y. 2008-2009 - (108.06.MTCOMPRE.

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Question 1 Multiple Choice
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Question
Which of the following is considered a primary risk factor for the development of
coronary heart disease later in life?
Answer A. cigarette smoking
B. stress
C. diabetes mellitus
D. lack of exercise
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Question 2 Multiple Choice
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Question The protein content of the diet will affect primarily, the test results for ____.
Answer A. urea nitrogen
B. creatinine
C. creatine
D. uric acid
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Question 3 Multiple Choice
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Question Ninety percent of the carbon dioxide present in the blood is in the form of___.
Answer A.
HCO3 -
B. CO3-
C. dissolved CO2
D.
H2CO3
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Question 4 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following organs uses glucose from digested carbohydrates and
stores it as glycogen for later use as a source of immediate energy by the muscles?
Answer A. liver
B. kidneys
C. pancreas
D. thyroid
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Question 5 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is the most serious cause of glycolysis in a blood
sample?
Answer A. failure to separate the serum at once
B. hemolysis
C. bacterial contamination
D. standing at room temperature
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Question 6 Multiple Choice
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Question Considering the Michaelis-Menten curve, zero order kinetics means that the
rate of enzyme reaction is a function of _____.
Answer A. enzyme concentration
B. temperature and pH
C. co-factors concentration
D. substrate concentration
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Question 7 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is referred to as bad cholesterol?

Answer A. LDL
B. free cholesterol
C. HDL
D. VLDL
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Question 8 Multiple Choice
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Question In the normal serum osmolality, which of these is a major contributor?

Answer A. sodium
B. chloride
C. proteins
D. blood glucose
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Question 9 Multiple Choice
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Question
Plasma is not used in enzyme assays because the anticoagulant ___________.
Answer A. inhibits enzyme activity
B. increases enzyme activity
C. promotes lysis of blood cells
D. promotes leakage of intracellular enzyme
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Question 10 Multiple Choice
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Question In electrophoresis, protein molecules have a net _____ charge, thus they
migrate to the ____.
Answer A. negative...anode
B. positive....anode
C. negative...cathode
D. positive....cathode
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Question 11 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following measures the light scattered by the molecules in the
test solution?
Answer A. nephelometer
B. fluorometer
C. spectrophotometer
D. emission photometer
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Question 12 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following are introduced in a continuous flow analyzer to

minimize diffusion of reagents and mixing between samples?
Answer A. air bubbles
B. membranes
C. resins
D. gel polymers
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Question 13 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of these analytes can be adversely affected by the use of improper
type of water?
Answer A. sodium
B. glucose
C. creatinine
D. proteins
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Question 14 Multiple Choice
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Question A method of purifying water where it is made to pass over an insoluble resin
polymer that exchanges hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions for the ionized impurities in
the water.This is based on the principle of _______.
Answer A. deionization
B. filtration
C. reverse osmosis
D. distillation
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Question 15 Multiple Choice
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Question A liter of 10% sodium hydroxide contains _____ grams of pellets dissolved in
distilled water.
Answer A. 100
B. 1.0
C. 1000
D. 10
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Question 16 Multiple Choice
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Question

Which of the following would be necessary to minimize, if not totally avoid occurrence of
clerical error in the laboratory?

I. presence of well trained, alert conscientious Med. Tech.

II. using good work organization plan

III. using well-designed worksheets

IV. thorough checking system

Answer A. I, II, III, IV
B. II, IV
C. I, II
 D.
I, II, III
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Question 17 Multiple Choice
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Question When values decrease or increase in succession from the mean, they exhibit
_____.
Answer A. trend
B. deviation
C. shift
D. dispersion
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Question 18 Multiple Choice
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Question It refers to how close an analytical value approaches the actual value of the
substance during the assay.
Answer A. accuracy
B. specificity
C. reliability
D.
sensitivity
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Question 19 Multiple Choice
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Question A mean value of 100 mmol/L and a standard deviation of 1.4 were obtained
from a set of chloride determination using control solution. What would be the 95%
confidence interval in mmol/L?
Answer A. 97.2 - 102.8
B. 95.8 - 104.2
C. 97.6 - 102.4
D. 98.6 - 101.4
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Question 20 Multiple Choice
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Question

Which of these factors affect the precision of a given test method:

I. skill, knowledge, and integrity of technical personnel

II. reagents used

III. equipment used

Answer A. I, II, and III
B. I only
 C. II only
D. II, III
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Question 21 Multiple Choice
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Question

Which of these is/are random errors?

I. mislabeling of samples

II. improper mixing of sample and reagent

III. pipetting error

IV. sample instability

Answer A.
I, II and III
B. II and IV
C. I and II
D. II and III
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Question 22 Multiple Choice
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Question The value of the unconjugated bilirubin in the infant's serum is determined by
_____.
Answer A. taking the difference from the total bilirubin value and direct bilirubin
value
B. reaction with diazo reagent after addition of coupling reagent
C. reaction of diazo reagent in Jendrassik-Grof method
D. direct reading method using a bilirubinometer
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Question 23 Multiple Choice
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Question What is the expected level of serum albumin in proteinuria?

Answer A. decreased
B. slightly increased
C. markedly increased
D. normal
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Question 24 Multiple Choice
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 What is the expected level of serum albumin in proteinuria?

Answer A. decreased
B. slightly increased
C. markedly increased
D. normal
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Question 25 Multiple Choice
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Question

In the standing plasma test, what is the lipoprotein that appears as a distinct opaque
layer floating at the uppermost surface?

Answer A. chylomicrons
B. VLDL
C. HDL
D. LDL
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Question 26 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the lipoproteins are the largest and least dense?
Answer A. chylomicrons
B. HDL
C. LDL
D. VLDL
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Question 27 Multiple Choice
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Question Secretion of chloride in sweat in children is in the range of ______.

Answer A. 6-45 mmol/L
B. 50-70 mmol/L
C. 3-10 mmol/L
D. 0.5 - 5.0 mmol/L
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Question 28 Multiple Choice
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Question Considering the Michaelis-Menten curve, zero order kinetics means the rate
of enzyme reaction is a function of :
Answer A. enzyme concentration
B. temperature and pH
C. co-factors concentration
 D. substrate concentration
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Question 29 Multiple Choice
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Question What is the pH at which proteins have a net charge of zero?

Answer A. isoelectric point
B. pH 7.4
C. pH 7.6
D. pH 8.6
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Question 30 Multiple Choice
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Question Picric acid and sodium hydroxide are used in the colorimetric reaction of
____.
Answer A. Jaffe
B. Fearon
C. Biuret
D. Nessler
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Question 31 Multiple Choice
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Question The relative migration of proteins on cellulose acetate electrophoresis is

dependent on ____.
Answer A. ionic charge
B. amount of peptide bonds
C. particle size
D. molecular weight
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Question 32 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is NOT an oncofetal form of ALP expressed in tumor
cells?
Answer A. osteoblastic isoenzyme
B. Nagao isoenzyme
C. carcinoplacental isoenzyme
D. Regan isoenzyme
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Question 33 Multiple Choice
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Question The biuret reaction is used in the determination of ______.

Answer A. Total protein
B. bilirubin
C. uric acid
 D. ammonia
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Question 34 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is referred to as "good cholesterol"

Answer A. HDL
B. LDL
C. VLDL
D. free cholesterol
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Question 35 Multiple Choice
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Question

What does the diazo reagent used in Evelyn - Malloy method consist of :

I. methanol II. sodium nitrite III. sulfanilic acid

Answer A. II and III
B. I and III
C. III only
D. I and II
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Question 36 Multiple Choice
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Question _____ is the major end-product of protein and ammonia catabolism.

Answer A. urea
B. amino acids
C. NPN compounds
D. uric acids
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Question 37 Multiple Choice
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Question

Which of these dyes are used in the determination of albumin?

I. bromcresol green II. Bromcresol purple III. HABA

Answer A. I , II and III
B. I and III
C. I and II
D. I only
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Question 38 Multiple Choice Modify
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Question In amniotic fluid, the procedure used to determine fetal-lung maturity is

_____.
Answer A. lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio
B. alpha-feto protein
C. bilirubin
D. creatinine
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Question 39 Multiple Choice
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Question The formation of bile acids is a major mechanism for eliminating _____.
Answer A. cholesterol
B. phospholipids
C. bilirubin
D. triglycerides
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Question 40 Multiple Choice
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Question A normal BUN value was reported at 20 mg/dl. What is the equivalent in SI
units?
Answer A. 7.14 mmol/L
B. 1.1 mmol/L
C. 42.8 mmol/L
D. 176 umol/ L
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Question 41 Multiple Choice
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Question When the unconjugated bilirubin is reduced by the anaerobic bacteria in the
intestines, it is converted to _____.
Answer A. urobilinogen
B. bilirubin
C. stercobilin
D. urobilin
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Question 42 Multiple Choice
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Question What is the enzyme that catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol?

Answer A. cholesterol oxidase
B. lipoprotein lipase
C. lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase
D. lipolytic lipase
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Question

What is the missing product in the reaction below?

L-aspartate + oxoglutarate ---------______ + glutamate

Answer A. oxalacetate
B. pyruvate
C. alanine
D. lactate
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Question 44 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following substances is markedly increased in nephrotic

syndrome?
Answer A. alpha-2 macroglobulin
B. ceruloplasmin
C. alpha-1 antitrypsin
D. albumin
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Question 45 Multiple Choice
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Question Outside of the liver, bilirubin is transported with the aid of _____.
Answer A. albumin
B. globulin
C. charged ions
D. apolipoprotein
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Question 46 Multiple Choice
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Question Neonatal " physiologic" jaundice may be due to _____.

Answer A. immaturity of the liver to conjugate bilirubin
B. genetic hepatic disease
C.
bile duct disease
D. hepatocellular damage
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Question 47 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following values would be considered normal creatinine

clearance for a young male adult with healthy, average sized body.
Answer A. 85 - 125 ml/min
B. 25 - 50 ml/min
C.
 150 - 250 ml/min
D. 50 - 75 ml/min
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Question 48 Multiple Choice
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Question Blood gas and pH must be analyzed within ____ minutes after sample has
been drawn.
Answer A.
30
B. 45
C. 60
D. 120
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Question 49 Multiple Choice
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Question What is the normal BUN: Creatinine ratio?

Answer A. 10:1
B. 1:1
C. 5:1
D. 1:2
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Question 50 Multiple Choice
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Question

Impaired synthetic function of the liver in diseased states is assessed by:

1. prothrombin time test

2. partial thromboplastin time test

3. hepatic enzyme tests

4. bilirubin assay
Answer A. 1 and 2
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 3 only
D. 3 and 4
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Question 51 Multiple Choice
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Question

The determination of total carbon dioxide in blood is actually made by measurement of

 ____.

1. HCO3 2.pH 3. pCO2 4. H2CO3

Answer A.
1,2,3,4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 2
D. only 1
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Question 52 Multiple Choice
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Question The absence of UPD-glucoronyl transferase leads to failure of bilirubin

conjugation. This is known as ______.
Answer A. Crigler- Najjar syndrome
B. physiological jaundice
C. Gilbert syndrome
D. Dubin Johnson syndrome
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Question 53 Multiple Choice
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Question The reagent test pack technology is used in ______.

Answer A. DUPONT aca
B. Eastman Kodak
C. centrifugal analyzer
D. continuous flow analyzer
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Question 54 Multiple Choice
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Question A Levy-Jenning chart is prepared for triglycerides based on a mean value of

200 mg/dL and a standard deviation of 5.2 . Today's control run gives a value of 197.5
mg/dL. What is the interpretation?
Answer A. it is "in control"
B. it is "out of control'
C. it is within "warning limit"
D. it is within normal range for the triglycerides
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Question 55 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of these hormones are specifically related in the delicate balance of
production and utilization of glucose in the body?
Answer A. insulin and glucagon
B. glucagon and thyroxine
C. epinephrine and thyroid hormones
D. growth hormone and cortisol
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Question 56 Multiple Choice
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Question

The following are objectives of quality control program:

1. to provide reliable information to the clinician about the patient

2. to obtain peak levels of technical expertise and instrument performance

3. to satisfy the expectation of external proficiency monitoring

Answer A. 1,2,3
B. 1 and 3
C. 1 and 2
D. 2 and 3
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Question 57 Multiple Choice
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Question The normal anion gap is about:

Answer A. 12-18 mmol/ L
B. 25-30 mmol/L
C. 20-25 mmol/L
D. 5-8 mmol/L
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Question 58 Multiple Choice
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Question Examining the QC chart shows the occurrence of 8 consecutive values not
evenly distributed on either side of the mean. What could this indicate?
Answer A. systemic error
B. clerical error
C. random error
D. both systemic and random errors
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Question 59 Multiple Choice
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Question In Criggler-Najjar syndrome, the defect in bilirubin metabolism lies in the

_______.
Answer A. absence of UDP-glucoronyl transferase
B. increased red cell destruction
C. obstruction in the biliary passage
D. uptake of bilirubin
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Question There is loss of bicarbonate from the body due to severe diarrhea. What
compensatory mechanism of the body is inhibited?
Answer A. hyperventilation
B. shallow and slow respiration
C. retention of hydrogen loss by the kidneys
D. retention of water by the kidneys
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Question 61 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following methods allows the separation of Hgb A1a and HgB
A1bfrom Hgb A1c and Hgb A?
Answer A. chromatography
B. electrophoresis
C. HPLC
D. spectrophotometry
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Question 62 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is the most prevalent job-related hazard in the clinical
laboratory?
Answer A. hepatitis
B. meningitis
C. AIDS
D. Tuberculosis
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Question 63 Multiple Choice
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Question Calibration of micropipets is done by measuring _____.

Answer A. mercury
B. electrolyte solution
C. viscous fluid like blood
D. distilled water
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Question 64 Multiple Choice
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Question
Dilution of a sample may be done at the beginning of the assay...
Answer A. to make the analyte in optimum ratio with the amount of
the reagent
B. to correct prozone reaction
C. to make the analyte free from its protein carriers
D. so that the final reading will be in linear portion of the
graph
Incorrect o
 Feedback
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Question 65 Multiple Choice
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Question The bone mineral hydroxyapatite consists mainly of ______.

Answer A. calcium and phosphorus
B. calcium and magnesium
C. phosphorus
D. calcium
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Question 66 Multiple Choice
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Question Sodium in serum was reported to be 140 mEg/L. What is the equivalent in SI
units?
Answer A. 140 mmol/L
B. 14.0 mmol/L
C. 70 mmol/L
D. 280 mmol/L
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Question 67 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of these characterizes the electrophoretic pattern of proteins in

nephrotic syndrome?
Answer A. albumin is low, elevated peaks of alpha 2-globulin and B lipoprotein
B. albumin is normal, elevated peaks of alpha2- globulin and B-
lipoprotein
C.
albumin is normal, gamma globulin level is elevated
D. albumin is elevated, alpha 2-globulin is decreased
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Question 68 Multiple Choice
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Question The main storage of glucose in the body is _______.

Answer A. glycogen in the liver
B. proteins stored in muscle
C. glycogen in muscle and tissues
D. fats stored in adipose tissues
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Question 69 Multiple Choice
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Question The no. 1 effect of calcitonin on the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus is
______.
Answer A. decreased calcium and phosphorus
B. decreased calcium, increased phosphorus
 C. increased calcium and phosphorus
D. increased calcium, decreased phosphorus
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Question 70 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following is used to determine LDL-cholesterol?

Answer A. Total chol-HDL chol - TG/5
B. Total chol-HDL chol x TG/5
C. TG/5
D. Total chol - HDL chol
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Question 71 Multiple Choice
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Question The common substance of abuse is derived from Cannabis sativa leaves and
stems and this plant is commonly called ______.
Answer A. marijuana
B. hashish
C. amphetamines
D. cocaine
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Question 72 Multiple Choice
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Question Detection of _______ is useful in the diagnosis of early stages of glomerular

dysfunction.
Answer A. microalbuminuria
B. ketonuria
C. hematuria
D. urinary light chains
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Question 73 Multiple Choice
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Question In a healthy individual, which protein fraction has the greatest concentration
in serum ?
Answer A. albumin
B. alpha-1 globulin
C. beta globulin
D. gamma globulin
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Question 74 Multiple Choice
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Question The major electrolyte in red blood cells is ______.

Answer A. potassium
B. calcium
 C. sodium
D. chloride
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Question 75 Multiple Choice
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Question This type of automatic pipet aspirates samples by piston principle and the
pipet tips are replaced every analysis.
Answer A. air displacement
B. positive displacement
C. dilutor
D. transfer pipet
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Question 76 Multiple Choice
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Question
Blood ammonia levels are usually measured in order to evaluate _____.
Answer A. hepatic coma
B. GI malabsorption
C. renal failure
D. acid-base status
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Question 77 Multiple Choice
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Question
The condition that is known as bilirubin transport deficit is called _____.
Answer A. Gilbert's syndrome
B. Dubin Johnson syndrome
C. Criggler-Najjar syndrome
D. Obstructive jaundice
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Question 78 Multiple Choice
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Question The patient's blood gas results are : pH 7.50; pCO 2- 55 mm Hg; HCO3 - 40
mmol/L. These results indicate ____.
Answer A. metabolic alkalosis
B. respiratory alkalosis
C. metabolic acidosis
D. respiratory acidosis
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Question 79 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following enzymes synthesized by the liver is considered

sensitive to alcohol ingestion.
Answer A. GGT
 B. ALP
C. SGPT
D. Amylase
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Question 80 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following tests is indicative of an abnormality in the function of

the kidney?
Answer A. decreased GFR and increased NPN
B. decreased GFR only
C. increased NPN only
D. increased GFR and decreased NPN
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Question 81 Multiple Choice
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Question Whenever more carbohydrates are ingested than the body can utilize or
store, the excess is ____________.
Answer A. converted to fatty acids and stored as TAG in fat tissue
B. eliminated by the kidneys
C. converted to oxygen
D. converted to glycogen
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Question 82 Multiple Choice
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Question The following analytes are greatly affected by prolonged application of

tourniquet, EXCEPT....
Answer A. glucose
B. potassium
C. CPK
D. cholesterol
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Question 83 Multiple Choice
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Question ________ is a solution that contains one constituent and the concentration of
the known analyte is always constant
Answer A. standard solution
B. control solution
C. pooled sera
D. serum sample diluted 1:10
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Question 84 Multiple Choice
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Question Amylometric method for amylase is based on the _____.

 Answer A. measurement of the decrease in substrate concentration
B. measurement of time required for the enzyme to completely hydrolyze
the starch
C. formation of the blue iodine complex
D. measurement of the increase in substrate concentration
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Question 85 Multiple Choice
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Question The most abundant thyroid hormone released by the thyroid gland is _____.
Answer A. thyroxine
B. thyrothropin
C. T3
D. TSH
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Question 86 Multiple Choice
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Question
Which of the following is a statement that does NOT correctly describe calcium?
Answer A. has a buffering effect
B. prevents the coagulation of blood
C. important activators of lipase and AST
D. concentration in the blood is affected by total protein content
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Question 87 Multiple Choice
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Question

According to Beer's Law, concentration of the solution is _____.

I. proportional to the absorbed light

II. -log of %T
Answer A.
either I or II
B. I only
C. II only
D. neither I nor II
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Question 88 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following conditions is associated with beta gamma bridging?
Answer A. hepatic cirrhosis
B. multiple myeloma
C. malignancy
D. nephritic syndrome
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Question 89 Multiple Choice
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Question Which of the following diseases is caused by a deficiency in

sphingomyelinase?
Answer A. Niemann-Pick disease
B. Gaucher's disease
C. Fabry's disease
D. Tay-Sach's disease
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Question 90 Multiple Choice
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Question The chemical name of serotonin is ______.

Answer A. 5' hydroxytryptamine
B. hydroxyindole acetic acid
C. 5' nucleotide
D. 3' nucleotide
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Question 91 Multiple Choice
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Question Which support medium used in electrophoresis determines the molecular

weight of protein ?
Answer A. polyacrylamide gel
B. cellulose acetate
C. agarose gel
D. starch gel
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Question 92 Multiple Choice
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Question An apoprotein which is inversely related to risk for coronary heart disease is
_____.
Answer A. Apo A-1
B. Apo C-II
C. Apo B
D. Apo E
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Question 93 Multiple Choice
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Question HPLC follow the principle of _____.

Answer A. selective adsorption
B. hydrophobicity of the molecule
C. polarity of the solvent
D. sample volatility
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Question 94 Multiple Choice
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Question The best method among the GFR tests is ______.

Answer A. creatinine clearance
B. PSP test
C. insulin clearance
D. urea clearance
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Question 95 Multiple Choice
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Question Which type is best for detecting all types of QC errors?

Answer A. Levy-Jennings
B. Tonks Youden
C. Cusum
D. Westgard
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Question 96 Multiple Choice
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Question To determine if a 24 hour urine collection is complete, which of the following

determination may be helpful?
Answer A. creatinine
B. uric acid
C.
BUN
D. protein
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Question 97 Multiple Choice
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Question What substance is present in high concentration in urine but not in serum?
Answer A. urea
B. protein
C. glucose
D. acetone
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Question 98 Multiple Choice
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Question A method for the specific assay of prostatic acid phosphatase uses _____.
Answer A. L-tartrate
B. fluoride
C. magnesium
D. formaldehyde
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Question 99 Multiple Choice
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Question Elevated serum ALP is considered normal in which of the following cases?
Answer A. growing children
B. acute liver disease
C. cancer
D. estrogenic carcinoma
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Question 100 Multiple Choice
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Question An instrument that detects flashes of lights that occur when gamma rays or
charged particles interact with matter, using photomultiplier tube.
Answer A. scintillation counter
B. gas chromatography
C. flow cytometer
D. densitometer
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Question 101 Multiple Choice
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Question The following are new tests for myocardial injury, EXCEPT....
Answer A. LDH
B. P-selectin
C. glycogen phosphorylase
D. Troponin T
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Question 102 Multiple Choice
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Question The chemical reaction involved in bilirubin determination is_____.

Answer A. Van Den Bergh reaction
B. Fearon reaction
C. Berthelot's reaction
D. Jaffe's reaction
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Question 103 Multiple Choice
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Question
In a person with normal glucose metabolism, the blood glucose level usually increases
rapidly after carbohydrates are ingested, but returns to a normal level after___.
Answer A. 120 minutes
B. 60 minutes
C. 30 minutes
D. 90 minutes
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Question 104 Multiple Choice
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Question In the Jaffe reaction, a red orange chromogen is formed when creatinine
reacts with ____.
Answer A. picric acid
B.
Biuret reagent
C.
diacetyl monoxime
D.
acetic acid
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Question 105 Multiple Choice
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Question
The creatinine clearance is used to assess the ___.
Answer A. glomerular filtration capabilities of the kidneys
B. tubular secretion of creatinine
C. dietary intake of protein
D. glomerular and tubular mass
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