Benefits of Computer Aided Design (CAD) in Product Development

1.
Introduction
 Understand the various spheres of manufacturing
activity where computers are used
 What is meant by product cycle with the differences
between the conventional and computer based
manufacturing systems
 Definitions of various computer based applications
 Discuss various facets of the design process
 Computer Aided Design and its applications
 Various types of manufacturing organisations
 Computer Aided Manufacturing and its application
 Meaning of Computer Integrated Manufacturing
(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

1 March, 2018 and Applications by P N Rao, 3rd Ed 2
 Computer monitoring and control of the
manufacturing process.
 Manufacturing support applications, which deal
essentially with the preparations for actual
manufacturing and post-manufacture operations.

 CAD - computer aided design. The use of computer methods
to develop the geometric model of the product in three-
dimensional form, such that the geometric and manufacturing
requirements can be examined.
 CADD - computer aided design and drafting. Combining the
CAD function with drafting to generate the production
drawings of the part for the purpose of downstream
processing.
 CAE - computer aided engineering. The use of computer
methods to support basic error checking, analysis,
optimisation, manufacturability, etc., of a product design.

 CAM - computer aided manufacturing. Generally
refers to the computer software used to develop the
Computer Numerical Control part programs for
machining and other processing applications.
 CAPP - computer aided process planning. The use of
computer to generate the process plans for the
complete manufacture of products and parts.
 CATD - computer aided tool design. Computer
assistance to be used for developing the tools for
manufacture such as jigs and fixtures, dies, and
moulds.
 CAP - computer aided planning. The use of computer for
many of the planning functions such as material
requirement planning, computer aided scheduling, etc.
 CAQ – Computer Aided Quality assurance. The use of
computers and computer controlled equipment for
assessing the inspection methods and developing the
quality control and assurance functions.
 CAT – Computer aided testing refers to the software
tools that can take a system through its various phases of
operations and examine the response against the
expected results.
 Design is an activity that needs to be well organised
and should take into account all influences that are
likely to be responsible for the success of the product
under development.

 Product Engineering
 Product functions
 Product Specifications
 Conceptual design
 Ergonomics and Aesthetics
 Standards
 Detailed Design
 Prototype development
 Testing
 Simulation
 Analysis

 Manufacturing Engineering
 Process planning
 Process sheets
 Route sheets
 Tooling
 Cutting tools
 Jigs and Fixtures
 Dies and Moulds
 Manufacturing Information Generation
 CNC Part programmes
 Robot Programmes
 Inspection (CMM) programmes

Problem identification
and recgnition of need
Problem definition
and conceptualisation
Geometric modelling
and spatial analysis
Engineering analysis
and optimisation
Prototype development
Manufacturing process
development
Manufacturing
Implementation

 During the operation of the product, does the part
move relative to all other parts already assembled?
 Must the part be of a different material than or be
isolated from all other parts already assembled?
 Must the part be separate from all other parts
already assembled because otherwise necessary
assembly or disassembly of other separate parts
would be impossible?

 Use standard processes and methods.
 Limit the manufacturing processes to those already available
and that the plant has expertise in.
 Reduce the variety of manufacturing processes used.
 Use standard (off the shelf) components in the design.
 Provide liberal tolerances such that overall manufacturing
cost could be lowered.
 Use materials that have better manufacturability.
 Since many of the secondary operations require additional
cost, they should be minimised or avoided.
 The design process should be commensurate with the level
of production expected of the part.
 When a particular process is identified, exploit the special
features of the process to get better economies.

 Layout design for the overall assembly
 Individual component modelling
 Assembly modelling
 Interference and tolerance stack checking
 Engineering drawings

 Computer aided design (CAD) is faster and more
accurate than conventional methods.
 The various construction facilities available in CAD
would make the job of developing the model and
associated drafting a very easy task.
 In contrast with the traditional drawing methods, under
CAD it is possible to manipulate various dimensions,
attributes and distances of the drawing elements. This
quality makes CAD useful for design work.
 Under CAD you will never have to repeat the design or
drawing of any component. Once a component has been
made, it can be copied in all further works within seconds,
including any geometric transformation needed.

 You can accurately calculate the various geometric
properties including dimensions of various components
interactively in CAD, without actually making their models
and profiles.
 With the constraint based modelling methods that are
prevalent in most of the commercially available CAD
systems, it is possible to capture the design intent into the
product model beyond the simple geometry. This will help
in actually making modifications easily. Also it is possible
to try various options, thereby optimising the whole
design process. Thus the geometric modelling process can
be driven by the physics of the process.
 Modification of a model is very easy and would make
the designer's task of improving a given product simple to
take care of any future requirements.
 Use of standard components (part libraries) makes for a
very fast model development work. Also a large number
of components and sub-assemblies may be stored in part
libraries to be reproduced and used later.
 Professional CAD packages provide 3D (3 dimensional)
visualisation capabilities so that the designers can see the
products being designed from several different
orientations. This eliminates the need of making models of
products for realisation and explaining the concepts to
the team.

 Mass production ─ large lots e.g. automobiles
 Batch production ─ medium lot sizes e.g. industrial
machines, aircrafts, etc.
 Job shop production ─ small lots or one off, e.g.
prototypes, aircrafts, etc.

 Greater design freedom
 Increased productivity
 Greater operating flexibility
 Shorter lead time
 Improved reliability
 Reduced maintenance
 Reduced scrap and rework
 Better management control

 The synergy can be obtained by integrating all the
functions in manufacturing through the computer
such that all the incremental improvements that are
possible can be improved manifold. That is what is
normally termed as Computer Integrated
Manufacturing or CIM.

 Large amount of waste in traditional production
methods
 Japanese manufacturers have recognised this fact,
and developed methodologies that lead to the
reduction of waste during the mass manufacturing
operations.

 The UK Department for Trade and Industry defines
Six Sigma as "A data-driven method for achieving near
perfect quality. Six Sigma analysis can focus on any
element of production or service, and has a strong
emphasis on statistical analysis in design,
manufacturing and customer-oriented activities."

 Computers are being applied in all aspects of manufacturing
 Major developments in computer hardware and software are directly
driving these applications to a greater extent.
 Conventional product cycle involves a number of interlinked operations.
Many of these support operations will be greatly affected by the
application of computers.
 Since the information will now be in the electronic form, the databases
become the backbone of the manufacturing operations.
 Computer aided design deals with all the operations that deal with the
development of the product.
 A number of advantages are gained by the use of computers in the
design process.
 Manufacturing operations are organized broadly into mass production,
batch production and job shop production.
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing tries to link all the operations.


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(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

(c) TMH New Delhi, CAD/CAM Principles

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