2
Agenda
3
Agenda
4
Internet of Things ( IoT )
5
Internet of Things ( IoT )
Types of Wireless Networks
6
Internet of Things ( IoT )
LoRaWAN™ Network
8
Agenda
9
Sub-Agenda
10
Sub-Agenda
11
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
LoRa® Technology Modulation
12
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
LoRa® Technology Modulation
13
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
5468
3125
1757
-120
976 -123 -122
292 537 -126
-132
-129 Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
-137 -135
14
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
15
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
16
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
17
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for North America
5468
3125
1757
976
18
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for North America
19
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for North America
20
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
LoRaWAN Channels
21
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
LoRaWAN Channels
22
Sub-Agenda
23
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
What is LoRaWAN Protocol?
Application
Server
Network
Server
Gateways
End-Devices
25
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
How Does LoRaWAN Technology Work?
Physical Topology
End-Devices Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
Physical Topology
End-Devices Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Physical Topology
End-Devices Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
LoRaWAN Protocol
Radio Transceiver
Radio Transceiver
Internet Protocol
Application
Sensors
UART
Actuators
31
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
The Gateway
Radio Transceiver
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Network Server
IP
32
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
The Network Server
Application Server
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
IP Network Server IP
33
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
The Application Server
l Consumer of data
l Application Server decrypts data
l Multiple Application Servers can exist within the same
LoRaWAN Network
Example: Each Application
Server handles specific
type of data
Application Server
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Network Server
Electric Meter
IP Vending Machine
Smoke alarms
34
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Multiple Application Server Example
Sub-GHz RF
35
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
How Does LoRaWAN Technology Work?
IP IP
36
Sub-Agenda
37
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
l No Latency – Class C
38
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
RxDelay2
39
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
l Examples
l Battery powered sensors
40
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
41
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
l Examples
l Battery powered actuator end-device
42
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
l No Latency – Class C
l Bidirectional communications
l Unicast and Multicast messages
l Small payloads
l Server can initiate transmission at any time
l End-device is constantly receiving
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
43
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Classes
l No Latency – Class C
l Pros
l Lowest receive latency
l End-device has continuous receive window
l Cons
l Highest power consumption
(expect end-device to be mains powered)
l Examples
l Mains power low-latency actuator end-device
44
Sub-Agenda
45
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
46
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Device Address (DevAddr)
l 32-bit identifier
l Unique within the network
l Present in each data frame
l Shared between End-device, Network Server, and
Application Server
l Differentiates nodes within the network,
allowing the network to use the correct
encryption keys and properly interpret the
data
47
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Network Server
l Provides message integrity for the
communication
l Provides security for end-device to Network
Server communication
48
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Application Server
l Used to encrypt / decrypt application data messages
l Provides security for application payload
49
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
50
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)
l End-device transmits Join Request to application
server containing:
l Globally unique end-device identifier (DevEUI)
l Application identifier (AppEUI)
l Authentication with Application key (AppKey)
(continued…)
51
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)
l End-device authenticates Join Accept
l End-device decrypts Join Accept
l End-device extracts and stores Device Address
(DevAddr)
l End-device derives:
Security
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey) Keys
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
52
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Activation By Personalization (ABP)
l The following information is configured at production
time:
l Device Address (DevAddr)
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
53
Sub-Agenda
54
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Security
Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)
End-Devices
Gateway Network Application
Server Server
IP IP
Application
Sub-GHz RF
Application
55
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Security
l Based on 802.15.4 Security
l AES-128
l Enhancement
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
56
Sub-Agenda
57
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
l Uplink Message
l End-Device to Network Server relayed by one or
many Gateways
Network Application
End-Devices Gateways
Server Servers
Uplink
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
58
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
l Downlink Message
l Sent by the Network Server to only one End-Device
and is relayed by a single Gateway
Network Application
End-Devices Gateways
Server Servers
Downlink
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
59
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
60
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Data Server Servers
61
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Da
ta
62
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
a ta
D
63
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Unconfirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
64
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications
Confirmed-Data Message
65
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
Dat
a
66
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
ta
Da
67
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Da
ta
68
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
AC
K
69
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
ACK
70
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Confirmed-Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
ACK
71
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
72
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
73
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
Zzz…
74
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
Data
75
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
a ta
D
76
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
Data
77
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
78
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
a ta
D
79
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
Application Server Data Message
Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Data
80
Sub-Agenda
81
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
l LoRaWAN can manage
l data rate and
l RF power output
for each end-device to
l Optimize for fastest data rate,
l Maximize battery life, and
l Maximize network capacity
based on range from gateway
82
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)
Range
12 11 10 9 8 7 7 -- Spreading Factor (SF)
125 125 125 --
125 125 125 250 50K Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
537 976
292
83
Summary
84
Agenda
85
Introducing RN2903-I/RM
FCC LoRaWAN™ Modem
Key Features
• LoRaWANv1.0 Class-A “Golden Unit” Stack
• 915MHz, external antenna
• Integrated filtering and matching circuits
• I/O Expansion: 6x analog, 6x digital, UART, I2C
• Compact size: 27 x 18 x 3.2 mm
• FCC Modular Certification
86
Introducing RN2903
FCC Modem Block Diagram
87
RN2903 FCC Modem
Key Features
88
Agenda
l Microchip Introduction
l Who are we
l Wireless product focus
l RN2903 Product Family
l Key Features
l Block Diagram
l Collateral
l End-Node Kits
l RN2903 Demo Mote
l PICTail Development Kit
l Gateway Kit
l Hands-on Workshop Introduction
l API Overview
89
Collateral Available
See www.microchip.com/RN2903
RN2903 Modules - In Production Now
RN2903 Datasheet - Online
RN2903 Command Ref Users Guide - Online
FCC Certifications – Completed & Online
Product Landing Page - Live
$65 PICTAIL Kit & Users Guide - Available
$70 MOTE Kit & Users Guide - Available
$500 Gateway Starter Kit – Coming Nov 2015
90
RN-2903-PICTAIL Kit
See www.microchip.com/RN2903
l What is a PICTail?
l Microchip’s development kit expansion header
l Enables LoRa® or other peripherals to be added
to existing dev kits
91
RN-2903-MOTE Kit (DM164139)
See www.microchip.com/RN2903
l What is a Mote? Lets ask Google …
l
92
RN-2903-MOTE Kit (DM164139)
See www.microchip.com/RN2903
915MHz SMA Antenna
Battery (reverse)
RN2903 Module
GPIO Test Points
OLED Display &
Menu Buttons
ICSP (USB App)
Sensors (Light & Temp)
USB-UART Bridge
LED Indicators
USB Port (mini)
93
Agenda
l Microchip Introduction
l Who are we
l Wireless product focus
l RN2903 Product Family
l Key Features
l Block Diagram
l Collateral
l End-Node Kits
l RN2903 Demo Mote
l PICTail Development Kit
l Gateway Kit
l Hands-on Workshop Introduction
l API Overview
95
Smart Concentrator Kit (DMxx)
See www.microchip.com/LoRa
915MHz
Antenna
SD Card for
GPS Config Data
Ethernet
(Option)
Full-Band
Debug Capture
Display Radios
SX1301 BB
96
R&D Evolution
Transition to LoRaWAN Ecosystem
Microchip LocalHost
LoRaWAN & Server
Microchip Gateway
(Smart Concentrator)
Public Networks
Microchip Motes
Demo, EVB, PICtail “Your Product Here”
99
LoRa™ Mote Kit:
Block Diagram
Mote
OLED
Display
USB Host MCU
Mini-B
Connector USB SPI
EUSART
TMR1 RN2483/RN2903
LEDs GPIO Module
ADC
100
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
USB/UART Interface Settings
l Control Interface
l UART (Tx/Rx) communication
l Default Baud Rate: 57600, 8N1, no flow control
l Supports Auto Baud Detection
l Command Interface
l Human Readable Text
l Command Request => Command Reply (or replies)
l Command Request initiated by Host MCU
l Command Reply initiated by the LoRa® Module
101
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Command Syntax Style
l Command Syntax
l Keyword(s) issued, followed by optional parameter(s)
l Separated by space Character
l Beware of extra white space characters
l Keyword(s) are Case Sensitive
l Parameter(s) are Case Insensitive
l CR+LF Command Delimiter
l Command Request example:
< mac set devaddr 048E436e\r\n
l Command Reply example:
> ok\r\n
102
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Command Structure
Command Interface
mac
103
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Mac-Level Commands
Command Interface
mac
104
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Mac-Level Commands
mac : Issues LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol
network communication behaviors, actions
and configurations commands
105
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Mac-Level Commands
106
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Radio-Level Commands
Command Interface
mac
107
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Radio-Level Commands
radio : Issues radio specific configurations, directly
accessing and updating the transceiver setup
108
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Radio-Level Commands
< radio cw on
> ok
109
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Sys-Level Commands
Command Interface
mac
110
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Sys-Level Commands
111
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
Sys-Level Commands
112
Summary
l Internet of Things ( IoT )
l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa® Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2483 Module
l Hands-on Labs
113
Additional Resources
l http://lora-alliance.org/
l http://www.microchip.com/RN2483
l http://www.microchip.com/RN2903
l RN2483 Low-Power Long Range LoRa® Technology
Transceiver Module
l RN2483 LoRa Technology Module Command Reference
User’s Guide
l RN2903 Low-Power Long Range LoRa Technology
Transceiver Module
l RN2903 LoRa Technology Module Command Reference
User’s Guide
114
Q&A
115
Thank You!
116
Backup Material
Backup Slides
Overview
l LoRa® / LoRaWAN in 90 seconds
l Spreading Factor Setting & ADR Example
l Technology comparison table
l Traditional cellular infrastructure comparison
l Alliance member logos, by category
l 3rd Party Kits
l RN2483 EU Module versions of slides
l Current consumption example
l Security
l Commissioning
l Flexible network options
l Senet case study
118
What is LoRa™ & LoRaWAN™
in 90 seconds
l LoRa™ is a long-range, low-cost spread spectrum
modulation / coding scheme, in sub-GHz band
l Trades low data rate for long range & battery life
l LoRaWAN is high-capacity cellular network protocol
& topology, based on gateways & network servers
l Driven by an open Alliance and a complex but strong
eco-system of partner companies
l Cloud emphasis makes this a pure IoT technology
l Existing market is M2M, based on 2G modems
l Direct competition with other LPWAN such as SigFox
119
What is LoRaTM Technology?
120
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
Modulation Settings for Europe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)
LoRa® Modulation FSK Modulation
12 11 10 9 8 7 7 -- Spreading Factor (SF)
125 250 -- Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
50K
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
-120
976 -123 -122
292 537 -126
-132
-129 Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
-137 -135
Range
121
LoRaWAN: Adaptive Data Rate
2D case, flat landscape
2D simulation (flat environment)
i r
a
e on
a t e
itr Ti m
B &
rgy
n e
E
Avg bitrate ~1300bps
530 970
290bps
SF12 11 10 9 8 7
122
Technology Comparison: IoT
Sigfox
Technology 802.11ah WLAN ZigBee LTEM
& other UNB
LoRa®
Sensitivity -106 dBm -92 dBm -100 dBm -117 dBm -126 dBm -136 dBm
Range O: 700m O: 200m O: 150m 2km urban 2km urban 5km urban
(I=Indoor, O=Outdoor) I: 100m I: 30m I: 30m 20km rural 20km rural 15km rural
300 bps
Data rate 100 kbps 6 Mbps 250 kbps 1 Mbps 600 bps
to 10 kbps
Tx current 300 mA 350 mA 35 mA 800 mA 120 mA 39 - 124 mA
consumption 20 dBm 20 dBm 8 dBm 30 dBm 20 dBm 14 - 20 dBm
Standby current NC NC 0.003mA 3.5mA 0.001mA 0.001mA
RX current 50 mA 70 mA 26 mA 50 mA 10mA 14 mA
Battery ife
18 months 90 months 105 months
2000mAh
Interference
moderate moderate bad moderate bad good
Immunity
123
Existing Cellular Infrastructure:
Not Designed for M2M / IoT
124
LoRa™ Alliance EcoSystem
Strong presence of Telcos
Network Public Network
End Nodes Gateway Server Operator
LORIOT.io
125
3rd Party Tools
Coming Soon!
l Arduino Sheild
l Xbee Adapter
l Clicker Board
126
Introducing RN2483-I/RM
EU LoRaWAN™ Modem
Key Features
• LoRaWANv1.0 Class-A “Golden Unit” Stack
• Dual-band 434 & 868MHz, external antenna
• Integrated filtering and matching circuits
• I/O Expansion: 6x analog, 6x digital, UART, I2C
• Compact size: 27 x 18 x 3 mm
• European R&TTE Certifications
127
Introducing RN2483
EU Modem Block Diagram
128
RN2483 EU Modem
Key Features
129
LoRaWAN™:
Long Battery Life
Typ. 38mA
Typ.
@+14dBm Typ.
1.6uA
14.2mA
Tx Packet 1 second
5 Symbols:
§ Rx slots 1 & 2 are optional for ACK or Downlink 5.1 ms @ SF7
10.2 ms @ SF8
§ Fast Rx sync means unused Rx slots are closed …
quickly, using negligible energy compared to Tx 164 ms SF12
130
LoRaWAN™:
Long Battery Life
l Assumptions:
l 24 transactions / day
l Sleep current ~1.6uA (including the MCU)
l MCU is mostly Off during Tx
l ACK not used
l The energy usage of the 2 unused Rx windows is negligible (<1%)
l Pout = +14 dBm, IDDTX = 38 mA
UART Data
base
Parser Logical connection - AES128 NwksKey
MCHP Modem
LoRaWAN LoRaWAN
Slave Master
Radio driver Server IF
SPI
LoRa Radio
Gateway
Packet Forwarder
Coax TCP/IP
SPI UART
Network
Concentrator GPS Controller
LoRa® Node Coax PPS CLOUD
132
LoRaWAN™:
Simple Commissioning
l “No touch” out-of-the-box commissioning
l Two activation methods available:
l ABP l OTAA
l Activation-By-Personalization l Over-the-Air Activation
l Shared keys stored at production l Based on Globally Unique ID
l Locked to a specific network l Flexible Channel Plan
133
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
q Private Network
q Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
q Public Network
q Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
q Hybrid Network
q Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
q Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product
134
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
q Private Network
q Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
q Public Network
q Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
q Hybrid Network
q Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
q Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product
135
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
q Private Network
q Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
q Public Network
q Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
q Hybrid Network
q Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
q Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product
136
Case Study:
Senet (USA)
l A single business case was enough to justify building a
nationwide private LoRaWAN™ network
l Heating fuel (propane) delivery to residential properties
l Previously inefficient – were filling cautiously when still 50% full
l Adding cloud-connected level sensor reduces 2 to 3 deliveries / year
l Also creates customer interaction, fuel level data is viewable online
l Looked at cellular (too power hungry) and WiFi (intrusive to
customer’s network) but found LoRaWAN to be the best solution
137
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138