ENT363-MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS

SEM 2 - SESSION 2017/2018

TUTORIAL 1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE VISION SYSTEMS

1. Explain the fundamental steps in digital image processing.

2. List and describe FIVE (5) applications using Image Processing.
3. Describe the advantages using Machine Vision Systems.
4. Describe the components of a machine vision system used to identify the product
cracks on the industrial environment automatically.
5. Describe the fundamental steps of a machine vision system used to identify the
ripeness of tomatoes.
6. Describe the components of a machine vision system used to identify the Body mass
Index (BMI) of human.

CHAPTER 2: DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTAL

1. Explain the basic concept in sampling and quantization.

2. Explain three (3) principle sensors arrangement to convert illumination energy to
digital image.
3. Determine the distance between objects A and B shown in Figure 1 using Euclidean
distance, city-block and chessboard measures.

Figure 1

4. Determine the distance between object A with coordinate (3, 3) and B with coordinate
(17, 9) using Euclidean and city-block measure.
CHAPTER 3: IMAGE FILTERING

1. What is the use of filter in image processing?

2. Explain briefly about correlation and convolution
3. What is meant by smoothening and sharpening filters? Explain various smoothing and
sharpening filters in spatial domain.

4. Figure 2 below shows an image which has been added with salt and pepper noise.
Show the denoising results using a 3×3
(a) Averaging filter
(b) Median filter

70 95 112
125 198 180
50 80 90

Figure 2

5. Figure 3 shows an image which has been added with salt and pepper noise. Compare
the denoising results using a 1×3 averaging filter and 1×3 median filter.

100 105 90 98 110 100 B

200 195 180 205 185 210 G
150 130 125 140 145 150
R

Figure 3

6. A portion of image is shown in Figure 4 for which filtering is needed to enhance the
image. By using given masking matrix, W, compute the resulting image using:
6 5 8
𝑊 = [4 3 6]
5 3 4
(a) Correlation method
(b) Convolution method

2 0 3
0 1 2
6 0 1
0 5 0

Figure 4
CHAPTER 4: COLOR IMAGE PROCESSING

1. Explain the difference between color image processing and grayscale image
processing.
2. Explain the concept of Color Model in Machine Vision Systems.
3. A commonly weighted function shown below is used to transform a RGB color image
to L*a*b* color image. By using the function, analyze the L*a*b* color values of the
pixels shown in Figure 5 below.

Figure 5

4. A commonly weighted function shown below is used to transform an RGB colour

image to grayscale image. Using a specific function, obtain the grayscale values of
pixels shown in Figure 6 below.

 R( x, y) 
I ( x, y)  0.2989 0.5870 0.1140  G( x, y ) 
 B( x, y) 

Figure 6
CHAPTER 5: MORPHOLOGICAL BINARY IMAGE PROCESSING

1. Image (a) in Figure 7 shows the original picture of coins. The picture was applied
with a number of preprocessing techniques at (i), (ii) and (iii) to produce image (d).
Based on your understanding on the morphological image processing, summarise
thoroughly the operations shown in Figure 7.

(i) (ii) (iii)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Figure 7

2. Given a binary image with the size of 8×8 as in Figure 8(a), determine the effects of
opening and closing on the image, if the structure element in Figure 8(b) is used.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

(a) (b)
Figure 8

3. Perform morphological dilation and erosion operation for the binary image shown in
Figure 9 using the given structuring element.

.
Structuring element

Binary image
Figure 9