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Many fruits and vegetables are prepared for peeling and canning by exposure to caustic (NaOH) the concentration of caustic in the treatment bath must be maintained at an effective strength. The conductivity set point (or calibration curve for a Model Xmt concentration measurement) may need to change as the bath ages.
Many fruits and vegetables are prepared for peeling and canning by exposure to caustic (NaOH) the concentration of caustic in the treatment bath must be maintained at an effective strength. The conductivity set point (or calibration curve for a Model Xmt concentration measurement) may need to change as the bath ages.
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Many fruits and vegetables are prepared for peeling and canning by exposure to caustic (NaOH) the concentration of caustic in the treatment bath must be maintained at an effective strength. The conductivity set point (or calibration curve for a Model Xmt concentration measurement) may need to change as the bath ages.
Hak Cipta:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Format Tersedia
Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
BACKGROUND Many fruits and vegetables are prepared for peeling Since the background increase cannot be distinguished and canning by exposure to caustic (NaOH). To from the conductivity due to the caustic, the conduc- ensure adequate and consistent peeling, the concen- tivity set point (or calibration curve for a Model Xmt tration of caustic in the treatment bath must be concentration measurement) may need to change as maintained at an effective strength. At the same time, the bath ages. This effect will be smaller for higher if the caustic bath is too strong the fruit or vegetable caustic concentrations and for shorter intervals can be damaged. between bath replacement.
PROCESS CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT
The typical process consists of an open tank of caustic In general, when concentration is derived from heated to 170-220°F (76-105°C) by live steam. The conductivity using a percent concentration analyzer target caustic concentration can vary from 3 to 15%. (Xmt), the conductivity versus concentration curve Exposure time for the product is usually 5 minutes or will not be the same as the standard curve shown for less, after which the product is placed on moving caustic (NaOH) in distilled water, due to buildup of grates and washed by high pressure nozzles to salts in the bath. The curve must be developed from remove entrained caustic. operating data, i.e. conductivity and titrated caustic concentrations. Data should be taken over the life of A significant amount of caustic is carried out by the at least 3 baths; the age of the bath and any additions product, so the bath must be continually replenished to the bath should be noted, in addition to the to maintain an adequate volume of caustic solution conductivity and titrated caustic concentration. Once and a caustic concentration at the target value. This a curve has been developed, the on-line measure- could involve addition of water, based on level ment can usually be corrected for salt build-up by control, as well as makeup caustic, based on the standardization following a routine laboratory titration. conductivity measurement. The best place to start is to look at how the bath behaves and how concentra- tion is maintained manually. IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS 1. Select the toroidal conductivity sensor based on THE MEASUREMENT how heavily the bath is loaded with entrained Due to its resistance to fouling, toroidal conductivity solids. is the best measurement technique here. The con- 2. When evaluating how to control bath concentra- ductivity sensor is typically mounted in the holding tion and volume, how the bath behaves and how tank (Figure 1). Relatively clean processes may use it is manually controlled should be thoroughly the Model 228 sensor, but applications with potential examined. for heavy coating should use the large bore Model 226 sensor. 3. When setting up a concentration measurement As the bath ages, there is a buildup of salts, which (Xmt), data should be taken over the life of 3 are leached out of the peels and carried in with dirt baths to determine the relationship between and other suspended contaminants. This buildup conductivity and concentration. causes an increase in the background conductivity. INSTRUMENTATION Model 226 and 228 Model Xmt-T Toroidal Conductivity Toroidal Conductivity Transmitter Sensors • 4-20 mA outputs with superimposed HART or FOUNDATION Fieldbus communications • Toroidal (inductive) principle protocol. of measurement and • Clear, easy-to-read, two-line, back-lit construction. display • Chemically-resistant materials • Choice of enclosures for pipe, surface, and panel mounting of construction. meet NEMA 4X/CSA 4 (IP 65) requirements. • Automatic/manual temperature compensation ensures accurate monitoring and control.
FRUITS OR VEGETABLES WASHERS
MAKE UP CAUSTIC
HOLDING TANK
FIGURE 1. Lye Peeling of Fruits and Vegetables
Emerson Process Management
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