Q10. Two A/C systems are under consideration for installation in an office building.

The total A/C load of

office building is 45 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑅 . One system is traditional chiller with CAV system. The other is chilled beam
and dehumidification system based on enthalpy wheel. The cost of CAV system is 𝑅𝑠 35,000 per ton.
The cost of chilled beam A/C system consisting of vapor compression chiller and dehumidification unit is
twice the cost of CAV system. The COP of CAV system is 3 and the COP of chilled beam system is 3.5. The
total cooling load of office building is composed of 60 % sensible load and 40 % latent load. The CAV
system will have a 1 kW blower to supply air to different areas of office using ceiling ducts. The chilled
beam system will have reduced size of air flow that will require a blower of 1/5th the size of CAV system
and the dehumidification system will consume another 200 W for operating 2 fans. The operation hours
for A/C system for cooling are 5800 hours. The electricity rate for the office building is 𝑅𝑠 18 /𝑘𝑊ℎ.
Determine the best system for this office building from the point of view of energy savings and bill
savings.

Solution

Load on CAV system

𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑄𝑐𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 45 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑅 = 45 × 3.51 = 157.95 𝑘𝑊

𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 3
𝑄𝑐
𝐶𝑂𝑃 =
𝐸𝑐
𝑄𝑐 157.95
𝐸𝑐𝐶𝐴𝑉 = = = 52.65 𝑘𝑊
𝐶𝑂𝑃 3
Load on CAV system blower

𝐸𝐵𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 1 𝑘𝑊

Load on chilled beam compressor

60
𝑄𝑐𝐶𝐵 = 157.95 × = 94.77 𝑘𝑊
100
94.77
𝐸𝑐𝐶𝐵 = = 27.07 𝑘𝑊
3.5
Load on chilled beam blower

𝐸𝐵𝐶𝐵 = 200 + 200 = 400 𝑊

Total power for CAV system

𝐸𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐴𝑉 + 𝐸𝐵𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 52.65 + 1 = 53.65 𝑘𝑊

Total power for chilled beam system

𝐸𝐶𝐵 = 𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐵 + 𝐸𝐵𝐶𝐵 = 27.07 + 0.4 = 27.47 𝑘𝑊

Energy consumed annually by CAV system

𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐴𝑉 = 53.65 × 5800 = 311170 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Energy consumed annually by chilled beam system

𝐸𝐶𝐶𝐵 = 27.47 × 5800 = 159326 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Energy saved by chilled beam system

𝐸𝑆 = 311170 − 159326 = 151844 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

Money saved by chilled beam system

𝐶𝑆 = 151844 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 × 𝑅𝑠 18 /𝑘𝑊ℎ

𝐶𝑆 = 𝑅𝑠 2.7 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
Total incremental cost of chilled beam system = 𝑅𝑠 35000 × 45 = 𝑅𝑠 1.575 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛

Payback Period of project

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑃𝑃 =
𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑚
𝑅𝑠 1.575 𝑚
𝑃𝑃 =
𝑅𝑠 2.7 𝑚/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑃𝑃 = 7 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑠
Result

Since, the PP < 3 years, this project is very attractive for investment.

Q11. A steam line is leaking a super-heated steam at a rate of 65 kg/hr. it is at a pressure of 16 bar and
at a temperature of 300⁰C to an ambient temperature of 25⁰C. Estimate how much thermal energy is
lost per 16-hour production day. If the cost of natural gas used is 𝑅𝑠 560 /𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢, then how much
money is lost? The feedwater is supplied to boiler at 30⁰C.

Data

𝑃 = 16 𝑏𝑎𝑟

𝑇 = 300℃
𝑇𝑎 = 25℃
𝑇𝑓 = 30℃

𝑚̇ = 65 𝑘𝑔/ℎ𝑟

Gas price = 𝑅𝑠 650 /𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

Operation time = 16 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠/𝑑𝑎𝑦

Solution

Using superheated steam table:

@ 𝑇 = 30℃ , ℎ𝑓 = ℎ1 = 125.74 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

@ 𝑇 = 300℃ , ℎ𝑔 = ℎ2 = 3035.4 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔

Change in enthalpy in boiler

∆ℎ = ℎ2 − ℎ1 = 3035.4 − 125.74
= 2909.64 𝑘𝐽/𝑘𝑔
The amount of energy lost with escaping steam
1 65 × 2909.64
𝐸𝐿 = 𝑚̇∆ℎ × = = 52.535 𝑘𝑊
3600 3600
Thermal energy lost in 16-hour production day

𝐸𝐿 = 52.535 × 16 = 840.56 𝑘𝑊
Thermal energy lost in per year

𝐸𝐿/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = 840.56 × 365 = 306.884 × 103 𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟

We know that 1 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 = 293.29 𝑘𝑊ℎ

306.884 × 103
𝐸𝐿/𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 = = 1046.35 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢
293.26
Natural gas price = 𝑅𝑠 560 /𝑀𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

Money lost

𝑀𝐿 = 𝑅𝑠 560 /𝑀𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢 × 1046.35 𝑀𝑀𝐵𝑡𝑢

𝑀𝐿 = 𝑅𝑠 585956 /𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟