17. Consider an airplane trip from Chicago, Illinois, to Denver, Colorado.

List some path-dependent

functions and some state functions for the plane trip.

20. Calculate the internal energy change for each of the following. a. One hundred (100.) joules of work
are required to compress a gas. At the same time, the gas releases 23 J of heat. b. A piston is
compressed from a volume of 8.30 L to 2.80 L against a constant pressure of 1.90 atm. In the process,
there is a heat gain by the system of 350. J. c. A piston expands against 1.00 atm of pressure from 11.2 L
to 29.1 L. In the process, 1037 J of heat is absorbed.

21. A balloon filled with 39.1 moles of helium has a volume of 876 L at 0.08C and 1.00 atm pressure. At
constant pressure, the temperature of the balloon is increased to 38.08C, causing the balloon to expand
to a volume of 998 L. Calculate q, w, and DE for the helium in the balloon. (The molar heat capacity for
helium gas is 20.8 J 8C21 mol21.)

25. What is the difference between DH and DE at constant P?

26. Are the following processes exothermic or endothermic? a. the combustion of gasoline in a car
engine b. water condensing on a cold pipe c. CO2(s) 88n CO2(g) d. F2(g) 88n 2F(g)

36. Consider a sample containing 2.00 moles of a monatomic ideal gas that undergoes the following
changes: PA 5 10.0 atm 1 PB 5 10.0 atm 2 PC 5 20.0 atm VA 5 10.0 L 88n VB 5 5.0 L 88n VC 5 5.0 L 3 PD
5 20.0 atm 88n VD 5 25.0 L For each step, assume that the external pressure is constant and equals
the final pressure of the gas for that step. Calculate q, w, DE, and DH for each step and for the overall
change from state A to state D.
38. The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J 8C21 g21. a. Calculate the energy required to raise the
temperature of 150.0 g Ag from 273 K to 298 K. b. Calculate the energy required to raise the
temperature of 1.0 mole of Ag by 1.08C (called the molar heat capacity of silver). c. It takes 1.25 kJ of
energy to heat a sample of pure silver from 12.08C to 15.28C. Calculate the mass of the sample of silver.
40. A 150.0-g sample of a metal at 75.08C is added to 150.0 g of H2O at 15.08C. The temperature of the
water rises to 18.38C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of the metal, assuming that all the heat lost by
the metal is gained by the water.
57. Given the following data: C2H2(g) 1 5 2O2(g) 88n 2CO2(g) 1 H2O(l) DH 5 21300. kJ C(s) 1 O2(g) 88n
CO2(g) DH 5 2394 kJ H2(g) 1 1 2O2(g) 88n H2O(l) DH 5 2286 kJ calculate DH for the reaction 2C(s) 1
H2(g) 88n C2H2(g)
46. In a coffee cup calorimeter, 100.0 mL of 1.0 M NaOH and 100.0 mL of 1.0 M HCl are mixed. Both
solutions were orignially at 24.68C. After the reaction, the final temperature is 31.38C. Assuming that all
the solutions have a density of 1.0 g/cm3 and a specific heat capacity of 4.18 J 8C21 g21, calculate the
enthalpy change for the neutralization of HCl by NaOH. Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings
or to the calorimeter
52. The combustion of 0.1584 g benzoic acid increases the temperature of a bomb calorimeter by
2.548C. Calculate the heat capacity of this calorimeter. (The energy released by combustion of benzoic
acid is 26.42 kJ/g.) A 0.2130-g sample of vanillin (C8H8O3) is then burned in the same calorimeter, and
the tempearture increases by 3.258C. What is the energy of combustion per gram of vanillin? Per mole
of vanillin?
61. Combustion reactions involve reacting a substance with oxygen. When compounds containing
carbon and hydrogen are combusted, carbon dioxide and water are the products. Using the enthalpies
of combustion for C4H4 (22341 kJ/mol), C4H8 (22755 kJ/mol), and H2 (2286 kJ/mol), calculate DH for
the reaction C4H4(g) 1 2H2(g) 88n C4H8(g)
64. Given the following data: P4(s) 1 6Cl2(g) 88n 4PCl3(g) DH 5 21225.6 kJ P4(s) 1 5O2(g) 88n P4O10(s)
DH 5 22967.3 kJ PCl3(g) 1 Cl2(g) 88n PCl5(g) DH 5 284.2 kJ PCl3(g) 1 1 2O2(g) 88n Cl3PO(g) DH 5 2285.7
kJ
calculate DH for the reaction P4O10(s) 1 6PCl5(g) 88n 10Cl3PO(g)
77. The complete combustion of acetylene [C2H2(g)] produces 1300. kJ of energy per mole of acetylene
consumed. How many grams of acetylene must be burned to produce enough heat to raise the
temperature of 1.00 gal of water by 10.08C if the process is 80.0% efficient? Assume the density of
water is 1.00 g/cm3
79. Syngas can be burned directly or converted to methanol. Calculate DH8 for the reaction CO(g) 1
2H2(g) 88n CH3OH(l)
85. The standard enthalpy of formation of H2O(l) at 298 K is 2285.8 kJ/mol. Calculate the change in
internal energy for the following process at 298 K and 1 atm: H2O(l) 88n H2(g) 1 1 2O2(g) DE8 5 ?
86. A piece of chocolate cake contains about 400 Calories. A nutritional Calorie is equal to 1000 calories
(thermochemical calories). How many 8-in-high steps must a 180-lb man climb to expend the 400 Cal
from the piece of cake? See Exercise 15 for the formula for potential energy.
90. If a student performs an endothermic reaction in a calorimeter, how does the calculated value of DH
differ from the actual value if the heat exchanged with the calorimeter is not taken into account?