Passive Optical LAN Overview

Bicsi Fall Conference

September 28-29, 2014
Anaheim, CA
Brought to you by the Association for Passive Optical LAN
(APOLAN)

Founding Members:

www apolanglobal org

www.apolanglobal.org
Passive Optical LAN: 101
Sean Kelly, RCDD, TE Connectivity
Let’s Imagine…
Promotes
Consumes Costs 40 to
inefficient use
se
twice the 60% more!!
of bandwidth!!
power!!

A Local Area Network that…

This describes a traditional LAN!
An exciting new way…

Passive Optical LAN

The infrastructure of tomorrow available today

“A Bandwidth Efficient LAN

Architecture Providing
Measurable CapEx & OpEx
g
Savings”
 Thoughts…

Henry Ford Wisdom…

“If I’d asked customers what they
wanted,
t d th
they would
ld h
have said
id ““a ffaster
t
horse.”

Steve Jobs Wisdom…

“Man is the creator of change in this
world. As such he should be above
systems and structures, and not
subordinate
b di t tto ththem.””

“There aren’t many horse and buggies on the road and most of us don’t have typewriters sitting
on our desks. So why are copper networks still so widely used although they have been rendered
obsolete
b l t byb next-generation
t ti technologies?”
t h l i ?” Scott
S tt FForbes,
b CEO FForbes
b M Media
di
 Key Acronyms

GPON
PON vs. POL
OLT and ONT
What is Passive Optical LAN?
Revolutionary
E
Economical
i l
Efficient
 What is Passive Optical LAN?

Standards ITU G984.x

based/recognized ANSI/TIA 568C
technology BICSI TDMM 13

Fiber Based Local Area Network

Point to Multipoint Topology

Why Passive Optical LAN?
CapEx ~40-60% One Time
Reduced
OpEx ~50-75% Every Year
Costs
Cable Tray, Conduit, and Pathways
Construction
Sleeving, Coring, and Fire Stopping

TTechnically
h i ll
Singlemode Unknown Bandwidth Capacity
Future
Proof Migration Only upgrade users that need it

Easy MACs Can save 8-10 minutes per MAC

Scale and
R h
Reach 20k /12 5 i
20km/12.5mi N 300m
No 300 / 90+10m
90 10 limitations
li it ti
Why Passive Optical LAN?
AES 128 Encryption in the downstream

Security No crosstalk concerns with fiber

No EMI/RFI or Tempest Shielding

Power Switches,, UPS,, HVAC

Floor Space Reduce or eliminate TRs

Building Weight Cable, Trays, Racks, CRACs, etc.

Green IT
Waste Less site waste and use of NRMs

Fire Load Reduced cable mass and fire stop

LEED/STEP Potential Credits

Why Passive Optical LAN?
POL electronic components are designed and
Carrier
manufactured to have a service life greater than 25
Grade years as required by carriers,
carriers compared to 5-8
5 8 years
Electronics with Enterprise grade equipment

Five 9s = 5.26 min/yr

Five 9s (99.999) with POL vs.
Three 9s (99.9) with switches
High Three 9s = 8.76 hr/yr

Availability
Nearly six 9s (99.9999) of availability with
POL using FSAN-B Redundancy
What should you know?
Similar Different
Standards Based Point to Multipoint

Local Area Network Multiple Services

Enterprise Management Guaranteed Bandwidth

Eth
Ethernet
t FFrame TTransportt Si l St
Single Strand
d off SM Fib
Fiber

802.1x – 802.1Q – PoE No Access and Distribution

Where did it come from?
Single Dwelling MDU
Copper
CopperCabling
Cabling

Voice Video Data

• No TR/IDF
• Fiber• Hubs and Terminals
No Pathway
Power
• • Minimal
No Riser
• Pathway y Required
No Cooling q
• • NoNo Horizontal
Power,NoCooling
Pathway
or BBU

MM

Cabling
Copper
• BBU

F
• • NoNo
TR/IDFs Required
Horizontal Pathway

O
N
T

ONTs
Carrier FTTH

Carrier FTTH
 What’s the difference between a…
30 Story Apartment Building and a 30 Story Office Building
 Target POL users

Universities
Hospitals Hotels

Multi-Tenant Units
Campuses High Occupancy Buildings(Commercial and Residential)
((Call Centers))

Sporting Venues
Casinos Government and Military
 Market Segment Adoption
Government and Military
 Department of Energy
 Department of Defense
 Department Homeland Security
 Health & Human Services
 Intelligence Agencies
 NASA
 State Department
 US Air Force
 US Air Guard
 US Army
 US Army Reserves
 USDA Forest Service
 US Marine Corps
 US Forestry Service
Hospitality/Hotels/Resorts
 Marriott
 Mandarin
 Crown Plaza
 Buccament Bay Resort
 Ice Hotels
 Kittitian Hill Resort
Business Services
 Canon
 Google International HQ Sunnyvale
 Getty Images London HQ
 V i
Verizon B
Business
i Offi
Offices
 GlaxoSmithKline
 Shearman & Sterling
 PolarStar Consulting
 Center for Excellence in Wireless & IT
 Advanced Energy Center
 Simmons Building for Physics & Geometry
 Motorola Solutions Sweden AB
 Deltek
 Miles & Stockbridge Law firm
 Telecommunications Industryy Association
MTU/MDU Residential and Commercial
 Empire State Building
 Dallas Fort Worth Airport
 Trump Tower Miami
 Trump Plaza NY
 Stuyvesant Town/Peter Cooper Village NY
Financial
 Russell Investments
 Others (unannounced)
Healthcare/Hospitals
 American College of Radiology
 Pardubice Regional Hospital
 ArchCare/Cardinal Cooke Center
 Williamsburg
ll b Landing
d
 Camp Pendleton Hospital
 Western State Hospital
 Guthrie Corning NY Hospital
Education/K-12/Universities/Colleges
 Virginia
i i i Tech h
 Howard Community College
 Stony Brook State University
 University of Mary Washington
 Bridgepoint Education
 Dalhousie University
 Amherst College
 Chilliwack School District (BC)
 Virginia Beach School & Transportation
 American College of Radiology
 Orangeburg
g g Public Schools
 San Diego Public Library
 Santa Fe Public Schools
 2013 POL Implementation
Global Fortune® 225 Company – Americas Headquarters Melville, NY USA

Project Overview:
– Approximately 1 million sq. ft. (main building and 2 parking garages)
• Planned growth for another 200,000 sq. ft.
– 1,500 employees
• Planned growth for another 750
– Nearly 12,000 GPON Ethernet ports

Integrated Technologies over GPON:

– VoIP (PCs tethered through phone)
– Security
• Access Control
• Biometrics
• Cameras (main building and parking)
• Virtual turnstiles
• Blue Phones in parking garage
– 480 WAPs
– Building automation
– Environmental controls
– IP Video content distribution
– Digital signage
 San Diego Downtown Central Library

Optical LAN San Diego Downtown Central Library ~ modern smart and green building

• 9-story
e ess Access
• Wireless ccess Points
o ts • 3-story
3 story domed reading
• Across library & courtyard room
• Free access for patrons
• 350-seat auditorium
• Technology center
• Outdoor plaza and café
• Tellabs 728GP ONT
• 24-ports GbE Ethernet • Coffee Bar
• Mainly serving WAPs • LAN services Voice over IP,
data & on-line video access
• Wi-Fi throughout the library
• Tellabs 1150/1134 OLT and courtyard via 36 Meraki
• Located 4th floor data room WAPs
• Serves all ONTs with 18 • 3-D Printer Connectivity
miles
• Nearly three hundred digital
devices available
• Tellabs 709GP ONT • Workstations
• 4-ports GbE Ethernet
• Mainly mounted under • iPads
desks • iPad Minis
• Chromebooks
• TE Single Mode Fiber • Kindle
• TE Passive Optical • Sony eReaders
Splitters
• With Fiber Management • Technology enable
collaborative workspaces
• LEED Silver status
Education Vertical
• K-12
• Tight budgets vs. increased demand
• Space constraints and non-traditional TRs/IDFs
• Aging architecture vs. modern technology
• Mondo Pads
• AMX SchoolView
• Smart Boards
• Centrall content

• Post Secondary / Higher Education

• Higher
g bandwidth demand
• Increased BYOD
• Valuable space lost with traditional
• Lost revenue and added costs
• Inefficient use of bandwidth
• Inefficient use of space
• Service providers profit
Hospitality Vertical
• Hotels
• Industry groups driving POL advanced technology
• HTNG – Hotel Technology Next Generation
• HFTP – Hospitality Financial & Technology Professionals
• HITEC – Hospitality Industry Technology Exposition and Conference

• Higher port density in guest rooms and non administrative areas

• Digital
Di it l signage
i
• Cameras
• WAPs
• IP card readers and locks
• Four to eight data ports per guest room

• Scalable solution with extended reach

• Resort properties
• Shared p plot p
properties
p ((Fairfield Inn, Courtyard,
y and Residence Inn))

• Future proof cabling infrastructure

Healthcare Vertical
• Assisted Living
• Patient wandering – WAP monitoring
• In residence
• Anywhereh on the
h property
• VoIP and Data needs in residence and administration
• Security and Digital Communication

• Critical Care
• Higher bandwidth demand
• Higher port counts in patient rooms, nurse stations, and operating rooms
• Building Automation and Intelligent Structures (converged networks)
• Security
• Monitoring
• HVAC
• Automated check-in / check out
• Door
D sensors
• No EMI/RFI concerns or Tempest shielding needed with fiber
• Encrypted data pathways
Large Enterprise / Financial Verticals
• Large Office Building
• Movement toward all BYOD
• Converged networks (HVAC, Automation, Security, etc.)
• Pathway and space constraints
• Cost of traditional switch, cabling, and maintenance refresh
• Increased technology
• Pervasive wireless
• Digital signage
• Everything headed IP

• Financial (Banks and Trading Floors)

• Higher bandwidth demand
• Increased security
• Increased port count
• Redundancy, diversity, and automatic failover (FSAN-B)
• Lost revenue and additional costs
• Downtime (three 9s vs. five 9s)
• Missed trades
• Excess energy
Call Centers, Cities, and Retail
• Call Centers
• High density areas
• Low bandwidth requirements
• IP Phones ~ 95Kb/s
• Virtual “Dumb” terminals ~ 1Mb/s
• Print/Scan/Fax ~ 500Kb/s

• Cities, Towns, Neighborhoods, and MDUs

• Connect multiple buildings without distance limitations
• Older buildings do not have pathways and spaces for traditional upgrades
• Scalable solution for future expansion

• Retail
• Digital
Di i l signage
i
• Customer Interactive Experience (pricing, web details, ordering, price compare)
• Security, POS, multi-tenant service
 You need how many “Gigs”?

Common LAN Service Per User Bandwidth

Email and Web Browsing 500Kbps
Voice over IP 110Kbps
Cloud-based Services (data storage, enterprise s/w, collaboration, etc...) Low 50Kbps
Cloud-based Services (data storage, enterprise s/w, collaboration, etc…) High 100Kbps
Wireless Access Point Capacity (IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n) 24Mbps
Wireless Access Point High Capacity (IEEE 802.11 ac/ad, dual radio) 300Mbps
IP Video Surveillance Standard Definition (MPEG4/H.264) 2Mbps
IP Video Surveillance High Definition (MPEG4/H.264) 6Mbps
IP Video Conferencing / Telepresence (720p-Good, includes primary/auxiliary) 2Mbps
IP Video Conferencing / Telepresence (1080p-Best, includes primary/auxiliary) 15Mbps

Gartner 2013 Estimates of Bandwidth needs

through 2017 shows Super Users with a maximum
requirement of sub-7Mbps
sub 7Mbps
 How much bandwidth is really needed?

Optical LAN bandwidth compared to Peak bandwidth per User in 2017

– Blue represents symmetrical 1 gigabit bandwidth available at every ONT port
– Light Blue and Green represents Gartner Low User and High User bandwidth required 2017
Bandwidth Capacity vs. Bandwidth Traffic
HEY!!! Come check out my new
Hangstereo
1200W on there, Hoss!
system. That four
I have there is
a 35W
300W amp. You
speakers have
in this 1200W
thing . of
capacity, but only a 35W system.

300W 300W 300W 300W

35W
In traditional networks…
Listen up!!! I have 10Gig OM4 Fiber in my
Backbone and 10Gig Cat6 Copper in my
Horizontal, so when I put in a Gig switch it won’t
have anyy resistance and I will g
get a Gig
g to the
desk and be future proof.

Backbone OM3/4 (10Gb/s) Horizontal CAT6 Cu (10Gb/s)

It is not a matter of resistance…
48 Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch

3/4 10Gb/s
AT6 Cu
orizontal CA

kbone OM3
Back
Ho

1 Gb/s
208 Mb/s
Does your IP phone need 208Mb/s?
Switch Data vs. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
24 Port 10/100 Ethernet
Switch

100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s

100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100 Mb/s

Most users use 0Mb/s over 98% of the workday

When all others
Let’s are using
assume 0Mb/s
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Every data port still has a 100Mb/s Connection
Ehas toEvery
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ti Connection
ofConnection
100Mb/s
- A minimum
- A minimum of 100Mb/s of 100Mb/s
- A maximum of 100Mb/s
- A maximum
- A maximum of 100Mb/s of 100Mb/s
Switch Data vs. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation
OLT
ASSUMPTIONS
- 1 ONT per person
1x32 - 24 ONTs per splitter
- 100 MB/s to each
ONT
3
2

100 100 100 100 100 Mb/s 0 Mb/s

0Mb/s
Mb/s 0Mb/s
Mb/s
0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s
100 0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s 0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s 0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s 0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s 100 Mb/s 100
0 Mb/s 0 Mb/s
0 Mb/s 100 100
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0 Mb/s 100
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0 Mb/s 0100 Mb/s

0 Mb/s
100
200 Mb/s
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200 Mb/s
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Mb/s
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- A minimum-ofA100Mb/s maximum of 1Gb/s
“Bursting.”
- A maximum of 1 Gb/s
VLANS and Committed /Burst Rates
Traditional LAN vs. POL (GPON)

Traditional LAN Passive Optical LAN

On a Campus

Optical LAN
Basic POL Schematic

PASSIVE
(No Power Required)
 The Primary Components
Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
Main Equipment Room
• Active equipment provided by suppliers such as Tellabs,
Zhone,
h and
d Commscope
C
• -48VDC Carrier Grade Chassis
• After Layer 3
• Up
U to
t 14 Line
Li cards
d
• Typically 4 singlemode output ports per card
= 56 Outputs per chassis
= 1792 Work Group Terminals (1x32 splitters)
= 7168 Ethernet Ports (ONT has OLT
4 copper output ports)
OLT
The Primary Components
Optical Splitters
Available Splits
1x2
Universal Splitter
1x4 2x4
Splitter Mini Plug-and Play Splitter

1x8 2x8

1x16 2x16

1x32 2x32

1U Splitter Drawer
LGX Universal Splitter
(Holds 4 Mini P-N-P Splitters)

Traditional 1U Rack-Mount Splitter

 The Primary Components
ONT – Optical Network Terminal
• Active equipment provided by suppliers such as
Tellabs Zhone,
Tellabs, Zhone and Commscope.
Commscope Work Area
• Located near the user or device
• Typically 4 RJ45 (10/100/1000) outputs with optional
POE
• Up to 60W of available POE (vendor specific)
• Standard HVAC is adequate
• Optional internal or external battery back-up
• POTS and COAX ports available
• Establishes and maintains secure AES 128 Encryption
• Supports multiple VLANs on each port Optical
Network
ONT
Terminal

ONT
 ONT Placement

Desktop mount
Under-desk mount
C ili
Ceiling tile
til mountt

Wall-mount

SECURE Wall Box (TE Product)

Tellabs Wall Plate ONT
Zhone Wall Plate ONT
Distance and Loss
Minimum of
OLT Output ONT Range =
= +3dBm 15.5dB -12.5dBm to -26dBm
l
loss required!
i d!
Cat6
ONT

1x32

Passive Equipment
(S litt )
(Splitter)

12.5mi / 20km Up to100m

(Solid Conductor
Cable)
Type B (FSAN-B) Redundancy
If any interruption is detected on the primary path (OLT to ONT),
the OLT will switch to the redundant path instantaneously.

Primary Path

Category 6
ONT

2x32

OLT chassis
h i iis “C
“Carrier
i G Grade”
d ” meaning
i ththatt
it is designed to be in service for 25+ years
with 100 possible.
Redundant Path
Type B Redundancy = Nearly Six 9s
Example Layout of Type B (FSAN-B) Redundancy
 IP/Ethernet Protocol Support
Network Integration
Multiple 1G and 10G Ethernet Uplinks
IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol
(LACP)
IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation
IEEE 802.1w Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP)
IEEE 802.1s Multiple Spanning Tree (MSTP)
Virtual Router-to-Router Redundancy (VRRP)
IPv4 / IPv6
IGMPv2 / IGMPv3
Network Access Control (NAC)
IEEE 802.1x (Port-based Authentication)
Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
DHCP Snooping and Option 82 insertion
Port Security, Sticky MACs
RFC-2267 (Denial of Service)
Traffic Storm Control
Bridge Protocol Data Unit (BPDU) Guard
This represents a partial list of supported IEEE and IP/Ethernet protocols
Service Delivery Monitoring / Management
802.1p: Class of Service SNMP v1, v2, v3
IP differentiated services code point (DSCP) CLI Console Port
Quality of Service: Per-VLAN
Per VLAN, Per
Per-Port
Port, Remote Monitoring (RMON) software agent
Per-Service queuing / scheduling *
RMON I & II
Sophisticated QoS and Traffic Management
Enhanced SNMP MIB support
Eight Queues per VLAN
RFC 1213-MIB (MIB II)
Policing, Scheduling, Shaping per Queue
Extended MIB support
Congestion and Flow Control
Network Timing Protocol (NTP)
Hardware Based ACLs: L2, L3, L4
RADIUS based authentication
Hardware Based Multicast Management
SSH v1, v2
IEEE 802.3af, 802.3at (PoE)
VMWare Support for EMS
Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)
OLT SysLog support (2014)
Y.1371 (2014)
802.1ag Fault Detection (2014)
Savings
POL: Total Cost of Ownership Savings

Campus Campus
Expense
p 250 Users 500 Users 1000 Users
5000 U
Users 10 000 U
10,000 Users

TCO 32% 46% 57% 68% 68%

CapEx 31% 41% 48% 55% 55%

OpEx 40% 50% 65% 70% 70%

• Power 48% 61% 68% 75% 75%

• Cooling 48% 61% 68% 75% 75%

 POL: Power Consumption Comparison
Price per kw hour $0.082 W/HR Annual $
Total POL Budget 14,050 $10,081
Regional Medical Center Total Traditional Budget 37,171 $26,670
Difference (23,121) ($16,589)
4000 drops Total Savings Percentage -62.20%
Traditional LAN Passive Optical LAN
Main Distribution Frame Main Distribution Frame
Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes
Cisco WS-C3750X-48P-S(715W) 7 134 937 AXS1800 2 516 1,032 2-SW, 2-SYS, 8-PON
UPS 1 937 187 UPS overhead UPS 1 1,032 206 UPS overhead
HVAC 1 1,125 1,350 Draw to cool UPS & Cisco *1.2 HVAC 1 1,238 1,486 Draw to cool UPS & AXS *1.2
Total 2,474 Total 2,724

Intermediate Distribution Frames Intermediate Distribution Frames

Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes
Cisco WS-C3750X-48P-S(715W) 96 134 12,854 N/A N/A N/A N/A
UPS 1 12,854 2,571 UPS overhead
HVAC 1 15,425 18,510 Draw to cool UPS & Cisco *1.2
Total 33,936 Total 0

Desktop/Work Area Desktop/Work Area

Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes Description Quantity Rated Power Total Power Notes
N/A WT21004 1,255 9 11,295 Admin areas

Total 0 Total 11,295

Power over Ethernet Power over Ethernet

Description Quantity Attenuation Total Power Notes Description Quantity Attenuation Total Power Notes
Copper drops 1,463 Copper drops 1,463
Average length of drop 200 Average length of drop 8
Total feet 292,600 0.0026 761 Total loss via PoE Total feet 11,704 0.0026 30 Total loss via PoE
Total 761 Total 30
Potential* LEED Credits
• Energy and Atmosphere Credit 1 (1-3 pts).

• Reduction in TRs, HVAC equipment, switch equipment, UPS, lighting and

other energy needs.

• The PON system helps the overall efficiency of the energy systems.

• Innovation in Design Credit 1 (1-4 pts).

• The PON system utilizes less equipment, resulting in less raw materials,
l garbage,
less b lless transportation
i andd reduced
d d timei ffor iimplementation
l i
and commissioning.

• In addition, utilizing a fiber system ensures the life of the system extends
beyond the life of a conventional “switched” system.

*not guaranteed or implied

 “Eco-Friendly”

• Reduced Power Requirements

• Savings between 40% to 60%
• Reduced HVAC Requirement
• A Fortune 500 company saved about
$450K on the Power distribution network
(HVAC, backup etc) for a building project
with 2000 Ethernet ports
p
• Reduction in Non-renewable
materials
• Reduction of up to 8000 pounds of plastic
and copper versus a Cat 6 install for
building of 4000 Ethernet ports Green Benefits
Reduction in power consumption
• Floor Space Savings
Reduction in non-renewable materials
• Traditional layer-2 solutions are bound by Ceiling space and fire load savings
the 300ft Ethernet limitation Reduction in cabling costs
• Fire Load Savings Floor space savings
• Savings in Sprinkler Systems
• Fire Load and ceiling space savings
Questions?

49
TIA Compliant Passive
Optical
p LAN Design
g and
Testing
Agenda
• TIA Standards regarding Passive Optical LANs
• C
Common P
Passive
i O Optical
i l LAN CConfigurations
fi i
• Other Design Considerations
• Test & Certification of Passive Optical LANs
 TIA Standards Applicable to
Passive Optical
p LAN Design
g
• TIA establishes and maintains standards for the premise wiring industry
• Applicable
pp standards include:
– ANSI/TIA-568-C.0, Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises
– ANSI/TIA-568-C.1, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
– ANSI/TIA-568-C.2, Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard; Part 2:
Balanced Twisted Pair Cabling Components
– ANSI/TIA-568-C.3, Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard
– TIA-569-C, Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces
– ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-B, Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications
– ANSI-J-STD-607-A,, Commercial Buildingg Grounding
g (Earthing)
( g) AND Bonding
g Requirements
q
for Telecommunications
– ANSI/TIA-578-B, Customer Owned Outside Plant Telecommunications Infrastructure
Standard
 TIA Compliant Design Requirements
TIA-568-C.0-2009 Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premise

• Singlemode fiber for backbone & horizontal

(performance specs per TIA-568-C.3)
• Requires generic structured cabling in a
hierarchical star
• p
Splitters allowed in distributor spaces
p A, B,
C
• In a distributor telecom room
• In a distributor enclosure (zone area)
• Not allowed within cabling subsystem
1
• Two fiber or higher to each work area
recommended
• Although
Al h h only
l one fib
fiber needed
d d two
can be installed for growth/spare*
Distributors A and B are optional (centralized fiber approach).
Benefits of Singlemode Fiber for the LAN

 Superior Performance
 Easier Installation
 Pulling Tension
 Highly Secure
 Easier to Upgrade
 Non-flammable
 Environmentally Friendly
 Much smaller
 TIA Performance Criteria
TIA-568-C.3 Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard
Singlemode fiber Connector Performance
• Attenuation • Attenuation (insertion loss)
–Indoor/Outdoor, Outdoor < .5 dB/km – Fiber connectors < .75 dB
–Indoor < 1.0 dB/km – Fiber splices < .3 dB
• Inside plant • Return Loss
–Pull strength 50 lbf min – 26 dB, 55 dB analog video
Bend radius (<=
–Bend ( 4 fibers 1 inch, 2 inches • Other
Other: temperature
temperature, humidity,
humidity impact,
impact
under load) (> 4 fibers 10x outer dia., 20x
coupling strength, ….
outer dia. under load)
Enhanced products offered from manufacturers today -
• Singlemode bend insensitive fiber:
• 5mm bend radius (G.657.B3) , indoor/outdoor attenuation < .4 dB/km
• Easy installable mechanical connectivity:
• Connectors IL < .2-.3 dB typical & RL >55-60 dB; Splices < .1 dB typical
TIA Passive Optical LAN support
added August
g 2012
TIA-568-C.0-2-2012 Generic Telecommunications Cabling for
Customer Premise – Addendum 2, General Updates
– Splitter attenuation included in the Channel measurements
– Table 9 Singlemode Fiber Application support for PON
technologies
• G
GPON
ON Class
Cl B+ optics
i (13 ddB to 28 ddB ffor 20 kkm reach)
h)
• Other PON technologies also listed (EPON, etc.)
– Singlemode length & loss fiber testing guidelines, clarifying
TIA 526 7 Method
TIA-526-7 M th d A
A.1
1 Measurement
M t off Optical
O ti l Power
P Loss
L off
Installed Single-Mode Fiber Cable Plant
• Use the one-jumper reference method for testing attenuation
Copper-based LAN Passive Optical LAN
• Active Ethernet switches for LAN core, • Passive optical network (PON)
aggregation and access functions o Optical Line Terminal (OLT)
• Cable infrastructure per service o Optical
i l di
distribution
ib i networkk
o CATx o Optical Network terminations (ONT)
o Coax • Single mode fiber converges all building ICT
o Some Multi-mode Fiber (MMF) services over single infrastructure

Local Centralized
Provisioning & Provisioning &
Management Management
OLT
Campus Aggregation

Building Aggregation
Distance Passive Over
Limited – Network 20km/12mi

MMF – 550m
Communication Closet Distance
Copper
pp – 100m

building
automation wireless

End User security

Common POLS Configurations – A & B
Optical splitter(s)
ONT
1
SPLITTER Cat x
S IN Cabling Subsystem 1 cords
Backbone &
TR/Closet
Horizontal ONT PC, VoIP
Cross-connect phone,
Fiber printer,
Wall outlet
Telecom patch WAP, etc.
Backbone Optical splitter(s) cords
Room (TR)/Closet

2
one

ONT
SPLITTERS
Backbo

IN ZONE
Telecom Enclosure
Optical
DISTRIBUTO
R Network
Floors 1-n Terminals
(ONT)

Fiber patch
panels –
OLT to
Backbone
Cross-connect Configuration 1 – TR Distributor A
Riser/
backbone

OLT Configuration 2 – Zone Distributor A

Optical Line
Terminal (OLT)
MC Equip.
Room (ER)

58
Infrastructure Fundamentals
• Simplex Singlemode fiber
• Polarity not a concern for Tx/Rx signals
• Multimode cannot support the bandwidth & reach
• Multimode does not support both TX/RX on one fiber
• Connector type
• Typically all simplex SC/APC type
• Some exceptions (check with equipment vendors)
• OLT GPON ports (SC/UPC), OLT SFP/XFP uplinks (LC/UPC)
• Heavy duty ladder rack not required J
J-
• Fiber is light weight & tiny compared to copper hook
• Longevity, reliability of the fiber plant
• Choose quality splitters
splitters, connectors
• Choose vendor who offers an extended warranty
Building Owner’s
Architectural Considerations
• New building construction/architecture
– Freedom offered byy distance of singlemode
g fiber
– Less space and cabling materials required
– Less in cabling support systems (ladder rack)
– Less fire load
– Less distributor/telecom room spacing (sqft) required
• Less floor distributor HVAC, UPS, copper patch panels, support
systems, etc.
– Consolidation of systems supporting converged services
– Consolidation of multiple cabling infrastructures all over
one singlemode fiber
GREEN Buildings
• Passive Optical LANs lend easily to Green & Sustainability initiatives
– Reduction of electronics power consumption/per Ethernet port
– Reduced physical cabling materials & new construction support systems
– Longevity of the fiber infrastructure
– Converged services support for voice, video, data, security, WiFi, BAS …
• LEED® - Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®) rating
system by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
• STEP - Sustainable Technology Environments Program
– Ratings plan that will bring sustainability to technology systems
– TIA TR-42.10
TR 42 10 Standard for Sustainable Information Communications
Technology (TR-42 TIA standard development in process)
– Key goals of STEP include:
– Minimize energy, Reduce waste, Optimizing infrastructure
d
design, Provide
d scalability,
l b l & Reduced construction materials
l
Other Design Considerations
• PON Equipment Vendor Options:
– Some ONT’s support
pp Power over Ethernet (WAPs, VoIP
phones,…) IEEE802.3af, at
– ONT interfaces support copper horizontal distances (100 m)
– Redundancy options for fiber facility and/or added
equipment redundancy
– Options for remote powering &/or battery reserve at ONT
• P i iinfrastructure
Passive f t t choices:
h i
– Splitters
– Interconnect vs. Cross-connect
– Fiber connectivity
Fiber Optic Splitters
• What is a fiber
optic splitter?
– Key enabling technology for
passive optical signal
distribution
– Contains no electronics
– Uses no power (high
reliability) Planar Waveguide Circuit
– Signal
Si l attenuationi iis the
h same
in both directions
• Choose quality splitters
– These are a significant portion of the POL fiber plant investment
– Compliant to GR-1221, 1209 (ITU spec for splitters performance
and reliability)
Fiber Optic Splitters
Optical Splitters
Available Splits
1x2
Universal Splitter
1x4 2x4
Splitter Mini Plug-and Play Splitter

1x8
2x8
1x16

1x32 2x1
6
1U Splitter Drawer
LGX Universal Splitter
(Holds 4 Mini P-N-P Splitters)
2x3
2
Traditional 1U Rack-Mount Splitter
Interconnect vs. Cross-connect
Considerations III) Splitter Module Cross-connect Solution
I) Faceplate Module –Ease of test and MACs w/o
Interconnect Solution Fiber from backbone to
unplugging horizontal or splitter
splitter input on front
legs
1x32
Fiber from –Are all splitter outputs going way
backbone to to be used? splitte
splitter input r
on front –Adds 1 connector pair (IL) modul
3-slot where implemented Standarde
wide II) Pigtail Splitter Module simplex
Interconnect Solution fiber p
patch
1x32 Horizontal
cord Horizontal
way cabling
plugs into Attached cabling plugs into
splitte
front input(s) back of adapter
r 32 port
and plate
modul splitter adapter
32 pre- output
e output plate
terminated legs
ports
output Added adapter plate and fiber patch
legs cords facilitate full cross-connect/
patching between splitter and
An interconnect choice horizontal
Horizontal
is the most dense and Output legs of
cabling
cost-effective solution. the splitter
p
adapter plugs into
plug into front
plate back of
of adapter
adapter
plate
plate
Added adapter plates between splitter
and horizontal cabling complete this
interconnect solution.
Field Installable SC/APC Connectors

• Lowest total cost

Easy & Fast
• Fast, easy Couple minutes per
installations
• High
performance
specifications
Great Specs
Q i k changes,
• Quick h IL< .2 dB
i ld
100% yield
additions, RL<-60 dB
possible
maintenance
 ANSI/TIA-568-C.0-2-2012
Generic Telecommunications Cabling for Customer Premises-Addendum 2,
General Updates, published August 2012
• Link and Channel definitions updated to accommodate PONs
• Link attenuation does not include any active devices or
passive devices other than cable, connectors, and splices
((i.e.,
e , does not
ot include
c ude sp
splitters).
tte s)
• Channel attenuation includes the attenuation of the
constituent links, patch cords, and other passive devices such
as by-pass switches, couplers and splitters.
• Optical Fiber Application Support Information Tables updated for PONs
• Table 9 added: “Maximum Supportable Distances and
Minimum and Maximum Channel Attenuation for single-
mode Passive Optical Network Applications” – Table 9
details min and max channel attenuation and supported
distances for various PON applications
• GPON Class B+ (ITU-T G.984) – Min = 13dB, Max = 28 dB, 20 km
distance
• Based on minimum performance requirements of single-mode fiber
as established by TIA568-C.3
Distance and Loss
Minimum of
OLT Output ONT Range =
= +3dBm 15.5dB -12.5dBm to -26dBm
l
loss required!
i d!
Cat6
ONT

1x32

Passive Equipment
(S litt )
(Splitter)

12.5mi / 20km Up to100m

(Solid Conductor
Cable)
Optical Link Budget Allowance
The optical link budget allowance is a calculated
attenuation/ loss expectancy
p y based on the end-to-end
components incorporated within the link or channel
design.
Connectors Splices Splitter

OLT ONT
Example:
p Singlemode
g Fiber GPON Channel

→The attenuation measurement results for the link

or channel should always be less than the designed
optical budget attenuation allowance.
 Example Optical Budget
• Optical power budget criteria is specified for the Channel per EIA/TIA 568-C.0-2
• Channel = Constituent links + fiber cords + splitters between OLT and ONT

Calculating Optical Loss Budget Example GPON Channel Link Budget (TIA)
Item Qty Loss (dB) Total Loss (dB)
Allowance (TIA) Total Channel Link Distance (km): 1 1 1
Total Fiber Splices 0 0.3 0
Step 1 – calculate fiber loss
Total Fiber Connector pairs 7 0.75 5.25
• .55 dB/km for outside plant Passive 2x32 Splitter 1 17 4
17.4 17 4
17.4
• 1.0 dB/km for inside plant
Total Channel Link Loss: 23.65
Step 2 – calculate the connector loss
• .75 dB max/connector pair Example
a p e GPON
G O CChannel
a e Link Budget
udget (vendor
( e do specs)
Step 3 – calculate any splice loss Item Qty Loss (dB) Total Loss (dB)
Total Channel Link Distance (km): 1 0.4 0.4
• .3 dB max per splice
Total Fiber Splices 0 0.1 0
Step 4 – calculate the splitter(s) loss Total Fiber Connector pairs 7 0.2 1.4
p
Passive 2x32 Splitter 1 17.4 17.4
Step 5 - Include the loss of the connector at the
end of the channel (fiber patch point)
Total Channel Link Loss: 19.2
Step 6 -Add all losses
 Singlemode Fiber Field Testing -
Certification for Passive Optical LANs
• Tier 1 Testing is Required – Per TIA/EIA & IEC standards, Link
segments should simply be tested visually and tested for loss.
– Visual Inspections
Visually verify installed length as well as minimum end
face scratches/debris and the polarity of any multi-
fiber links
– Power meter/Light Source (PMLS)
PM/LS testingg measures the end-to-end loss of the link
If attenuation is under the TIA optical budget
Test Cabling Subsystem 1 links at 1310 nm.
allowance, it passes for commissioning
Test Cabling Subsystem 2 or 3 backbone links at 1310 and 1550 nm.
 Use ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7,
Test channel ANSI/TIA/EIA-526-7 Method A.1,
A between
at 1310 and 1550 nm (Attenuation 1 One Reference Jumper
13 and 28 dB method
for GPON Class B+)
B+).
 Optional Tier II - Singlemode Fiber Field
Testing
beginning of fiber

reflective event

reflected poweer (dB)

(connector)
fiber end
non-reflective
event (splice)
slope is fiber
attenuation
coefficient

 Tier 2 Testing – time / distance (km)

Optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) testing

• Optional per international standards bodies
bodies, it is not required and does
not substitute for PMLS test
• Recommended for testing the outside plant and/or for troubleshooting
• Further details uniformityy of cable attenuation,, connector losses,,
connector/splice or trouble locations
• May be requested by the customer
 Fundamentals
F d t l off
Passive Optical LAN
Introduction to POL Actives
and Management System
Brought to you by the Association for Passive Optical LAN
Founding Members:

www.apolanglobal.org
Introduction
I t d ti to t POL Actives
A ti
and Management System
Matt Miller
Principal Systems Engineer, CPOE, Leidos
 Agenda
• Components • Standards
– OLT – IEEE vs. ITU
– ONT – Current
– Video – Development
– DC Power • Future
• Power Considerations – Wavelengths
• Management – Migration to 10G and Beyond
– Centralized Management
– Management Systems
– Bandwidth Management
– VLANs, QoS, LLDP and other
Standards
 Components - OLT
• OLT is head-end component
• Typically located in MDF or Data Center
• Manages connected ONTs
• Typically consist of:
– Management
– Switch Fabric
– Uplink Interfaces
– PON Interfaces
• Out-of-band Management
 Components – Large OLT Models
• Chassis-Based
• Fully Redundant
• Up to 112 PON Ports
• Thousands of ONTs
• DC Powered
 Components – Small OLT Models
Small OLTs

• AC and DC Power
• Small Chassis and
Standalone
• Small Office/Field Office
• 4 to 16 PON Ports
• Hundreds of ONTs
 Components – OLT Uplinks
• Standard Ethernet uplinks to core
• Uplinks
l k typically
ll 1G or 10G pluggable
l bl optics
• VLANss ttrunked
u ed into
to up
uplink po
ports
ts
• Class C+ optics featureup to 32dB
 Components – OLT PON Ports
• From 4 to 112 PON ports per OLT
• Each
h PON port typically
ll serves 32 ONTs
= Thousands of ONTs p
per OLT!
• Typically SFP based
• Class
Cl C C+ optics
i ffeature 32dB lloss b
budget
d
 Components – OLT Redundancy
Typically Redundant Sometimes Redundant
• Power • PON Ports
• Backplane
ac p a e • PON
O CaCards
ds
• Management • Entire OLT
• Switch fabric
• Uplinks
 Components - ONT
• ONT located close to the end user
• Fiber
b input
• Variety
a ety of
o user
use interfaces
te aces available
a a ab e
• Provide PoE
• Consume ~7W power + PoE draw
 Components – ONT Models
• Large variety of ONTs • Match interfaces to user
available needs:
• AC andd DC power – Ethernet Ports with PoE
options – POTS Ports
• Desk-mount, In-wall, – Coaxial Television
and
dR Rack-mount
k – Wi Fi
Wi-Fi
• Battery backup
 Components – ONT Connections
What Can I Connect?
• PCs • Access Control
• Thin Clients • Security Cameras
• VoIP Phones • Building Management Systems
• POTS Phones • Biometric Sensors
• Wireless Access Points
• Coaxial Cable TV • Anything with an Ethernet, POTS,
• IPTV or Coax Interface!
Components – ONT Compatibility
• EPON and GPON are not compatible
• Different
ff manufactures
f typically
ll ddo not
interoperate
• Within the standards, some manufacturers
have additional features – especially EPON
 Components – ONT Security
• ONT security design to assume the ONT is in
the hands of the adversary
• ONT does not function without OLT
• Usually no management ports on ONT
• ONT receives
i allll programming
i ffrom OLT
 Power Considerations
• ONTs report a loss of power or loss of service
• ONTs can be
b powered d via AC or DC
• Battery
atte y backups
bac ups for
o high
g availability
a a ab ty
• PoE for devices that need it
 Components - Video

• Laser Transmitter – Electrical to

Optical 1550nm Conversion
• EDFA – Amplifies Optical Signal
up to 18 – 21dBm
• WDM – Combines Wavelengths
 Components - Video
• Laser Transmitter
• EDFA
• RF Nodes
odes
• RFoG/two-way
 Components – DC Power
• Most OLTs use -48V DC Power
• Same power used in telco
central offices
• Rectifiers required
q to convert
AC to DC
• Properly ground your
equipment!
Components – DC Power
• Redundant Inputs
• Redundant Outputs
• Redundant Rectifiers
• Fuse or Circuit Breaker
Protection
• Network Management
g
• Basically an external power
supply!
 Centralized Management
• ONTs Centrally Managed
• No physical
h l ONT management ports
• Sa
Samee concepts
co cepts as ttraditional
ad t o a network
et o
– VLANs
– PoE
P E
– QoS
Centralized Management
 Management Systems
• Systems included standard CLI and
EMS
• Application and Web/Mobile
• GUI is more important in PON than
h
legacy networks
 Density is far greater!
• ONTs are an extension of the OLT
 Profiles & Templates
• Create a standard profile or template
for your services
• Apply that profile or template to many
ONTs at once!
 Management Systems
• Alarming and Notification
• Bandwidth Monitoring
• Central OLT & ONT Upgrades
• MAC Searches
• VLAN Member Reports
p
 Bandwidth Management
• Bandwidth Management is Built-in!
• Guarantee every user bandwidth
b d dh
– Set a committed rate
– Committed rates cannot exceed capacity of any
link in the system
• Manage additional bandwidth as you desire
– Set a peak rate
Bandwidth Management
Committed rates cannot
exceed capacity of any link in
the
h system
 Managing All The Same Things
The same things you manage today…
• VLANs
• PoE
• QoS
• LLDP
• Network Access Control
 Standards – IEEE vs. ITU
• ITU and IEEE have separate standards for PON
• Bothh standards
d d use the h same passive
infrastructure (fiber & splitters)
• The only difference is the electronics
Popular Standards Comparison
EPON GPON

Standard IEEE 802.3ah ITU G.984

Speed 1Gbps Symmetrical 2.4Gbps Down / 1.2 Gbps Up

Framing Ethernet (mostly native) GEMS Encapsulation

Wavelengths 1490nm/1310nm 1490nm/1310nm

Dynamic
Optional Vendor Specific Built-in
Bandwidth

Encryption Optional Vendor Specific AES-128 Downstream

102
 Standards Timeline
IEEE ITU
1995 1995 – APON Standard Introduced (155M)
1996
1997
1998
1999 1999 – BPON Standard Approved (622M/155M)
2000
2001
2002
2003 2003 – GPON Standard Approved (2.4G/1.2G)
2004 – EPON Standard Approved (1G) 2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009 – 10G EPON Standard Approved (10G) 2009
2010 2010 – XGPON1 Standard Approved (10G/2.5G)
2011
2012
2012 – Extended EPON Task Force Formed 2013
2014
103
 Converging Standards
• IEEE and ITU working to converge standards in
future generations
• 10G EPON and XGPON use same PHYs
 Future Standards
• EPON/GPON Networks can co-exist on the same fiber
& splitters as 10G EPON/XGPON Networks
• 10G EPON and XGPON use same PHYs
• IEEE andd ITU working
k to converge standards
d d in ffuture
generations
• Next standards may combine multiple wavelengths in
each direction for additional bandwidth
 Complimentary Wavelengths
EPON/GPON
1490nm Down / 1310nm Up

10G EPON/XGPON
1577nm Down / 1270nm Up

RF Video
1550nm Down
 Migration to 10G
2.5Gbps/1.25Gbps
1490nm/1310nm
GPON GPON
G O OONT
OLT

10G PON
10G PON ONT
OLT 10Gbps/10Gbps
1577nm/1270nm 1
01
70
7
• 10G PON can coexist on the same fiber as GPON
• Bandwidths available as 10G Downstream and 10G/2.5G/1G
10G/2 5G/1G Upstream
• Uses same infrastructure/splitters as GPON
• Casual migration – upgrade only the ONTs that you want
 Thank You!

Questions?

Introduction to POL Actives

and Management System
Matt Miller
Principal Systems Engineer, CPOE, Leidos
Fiber Handling,
Fib H dli Connecting,
C ti
Cleaning and Testing
 Outline
• Cable Twist and Swivels
• Connectors
• Inspection & Cleaning
• Testing
 Cable Twist
• Fiber should never be subject to excessive twist. This results
in bendingg stress and increased attenuation.
• When storing cable not on a reel, cable should lay flat in a
figure
g 8 with curves larger
g than the minimum bend radius.
• When removing cable from a reel, roll cable off a free turning
reel so it can turn. Never free
free-spin
spin cable coming off a reel.
• Never pull fiber off the reel by sliding the cable over the flange of
the reel.
reel This creates cable twist once the cable is straighten out.
out
• Always use a break-away-swivel during installation
 Cable Twist
Example of Cable Twist
• The print on the cable goes 180o around the outer
jacket of the cable over a very short length
• This is an obvious sign that the cable has experienced
severe cable twist during installation
 Break-Away Swivels
• One end attaches to the pulling grip
and the other end attaches to the
pulling rope
• Designed to swivel to prevent cable
twistingg duringg installation
• Design to “break apart” at various pulling strengths
in order to prevent damage to the cable due to exceeding
th iinstallation
the t ll ti ttensileil lload
d
• Can be purchased at various tensile loads
• Tensile
il lloadd off the
h bbreak-away-swivel
k i l should
h ld not
exceed the installation tensile load of the cable
Fiber Connectors
 Fiber Connectors
• SC & LC primarily used in PON
• Be aware of polish types , UPC
and APC
• Don’t
’ mix polish
l h types in a llinkk
• Use a precision fiber cleaver
 Connectorization
• Polish Type Connectors
– Typically Figure 8 Polish
– Uses fiber in cable end-to-end
– Low cost uniform parts, easy
to do
– Not for UPC or APC polished
connections
 Connectorization
• Prepolished ‘Cleave and
Crimp’ connectors
– Uses Index Matching Gel Source: Corning
inside the connector
– Some require a proprietary
toolkit
lk to maintain uniformity
f
– Higher cost but less labor
th polished
than li h d ttype
Source: FOA
– APC and UPC available !
 Connectorization
• Splice On Connectors
– Prepolished connectors
with fiber stub
– Fiber lab polished
Source: Corning
UPC or APC
– Connector is spliced then built for strength
– Could be good at racks, cabinets and workstation
– Requires correct fusion splicer for connector
 Connectorization
• Splice On Pigtails
– Premade pigtails in groups
of 6 or 12 fibers
– Fiber lab polished UPC or APC
– Receive pretested with test results
– Could be good at racks & cabinets
– Might not be appropriate at ONT/ Workstation
– Requires fusion splicer
 Field Installable Connector Issues
• Installer training
• Di /
Dirty/scratched
h d end-faces
df
• Assembled incorrectly
• Not properly tested
• Not installed in cabinet
properly
 Polishing Options
• Attention to System requirements , active interfaces
– Different brands may have different requirements
– Fiber lab polished UPC or APC
– Higher precision polishing used to control back reflection
Source: FOA.ORG
Back Reflectance
End Face Inspection & Cleaning
 System Performance Factors
• Core diameter mismatch loss
• Concentricity and Ellipticity
• End face cleanliness
 Fiber Inspection & Cleaning
• 75%+ fiber network issues due to dirty or damaged connectors
• Core alignment and physical contact controlled at factory
• Installers must confirm no contaminations before connecting
• Dirt on fiber core dramatically affects signal performance
• Dirt anywhere on end face is prone to break up and spread
• Trapped dirt can permanently damage connector faces,
requiring replacement or re-polishing to restore performance
• Irreparable damage to the active equipment could occur if the
connector is not replaced or cleaned prior to installing.
Fiber Inspection Options
 Bench Scope
• Used in manufacturing lab
• Works with monitor
and software
• Automated d software
f
provides test results
 Handheld Direct View Scope
• Used in field for direct view
off connector endd fface
• Inexpensive and portable
• Safety
f requirements may
prefer indirect view
 Probe Scopes and Displays
• Indirect view of end face
via
i didisplay
l
• Handheld and portable
• Self
lf contained d or use
with Laptop
• Software
S ft ffor P
Pass/Fail
/F il
and Testing
 Fiber Inspection and Cleaning
• Potential for damage is always present, even in
new equipment
i andd components
• Avoid damage by initial contamination by first inspection
and cleaning
• This can add to initial cost, but overall cost at completion
will be lower
lower.
• Inspection results: reduce troubleshooting, highest network
performance, prevents damage and covers investment
 Proactive Inspection
• Proactively create inspection & cleaning guidelines
andd fformall requirements
i
• Consultants and owners can specify for starting
at new construction
• Contractors /integrators can include plan in
bid and project documents
• Any time connector is disturbed at new installation
and used after at MAC’s
MAC s and maintenance
 Fiber End Face Should be Clear
Common types of contamination
and defects include the following:

SINGLEMODE FIBER
A fiber end face should be free of any
contamination or defects, as shown above
Source: JDSU
 Reactive Cleaning
• Inspection only when there’s a problem is too late
• Permanent damage can occur
• Imbedded debris leaves pits , chips and defects in the fiber face
• Pits and defects cause back reflection and loss
 Types of Contamination
• Dry Dust- particles , collect or
bl onto end
blow d ffaces or iinto
bulkhead adapters
• Bonded – Contamination is
adhering to oils, lotion, dried
cleaning residue
• Embedded/mated – embedded
dirt caused byy connectingg
without cleaning
 Contamination Spread
• When dirty connectors are
mated d di
dirt iis moved
d and
d spread
d
across the fiber face
• Dirt larger than 5 microns breaks
up and spreads
• Large bits create air gaps
interfering with connection
• Small bits create pits and chips
in the fiber
 Cleaning
• Use a probe microscope to inspect the fiber.
If di
dirty, iit must b
be cleaned.
l d
• Inspect both sides, patch cords and bulkheads
• Bulkhead
lkh d cleaning:
l Specialized
l d swabs,
b cleaning
l
tape
• Patch
P t h Cords:
C d Wi Wipes and d cassette
tt cleaners,
l ttapes
• Cleaning Solvents: Can be useful, but use dry
method first.
first Don
Don’tt saturate adapters,
adapters leaving a
film as solvent dries. Don’t soak cleaning tool.
What Makes the Best Connection?
Three ruling factors direct the
b connection
best i and d
communication performance
• Precise core alignment
• Correct Physical contact at
mated pairs Source: Cablinginstall.com
Cablinginstall com

• Untainted connector end face

AT&T calls for a dry process first
and if unsuccessful a wet process

This chart comes from AT&T Document

ATT-TP-76461 titled “AT&T Fiber Optic
Connector and Adapter Inspection and
Cleaning Standards “ – in the public domain
 IEC 61300-3-35
IEC 61300-3-35 – Fiber Optic Connector
Endface Visual and Automated Inspection,
an interoperability standard for connector
manufacturers and users
 IEC 61300-3-35
Recommended
Acceptance Criteria
SM-UPC Connectors
 IEC 61300-3-35
Recommended
Acceptance Criteria
SM-APC Connectors
Both Sides of Mated Pair Inspected
Both sides of a mated pair must be inspected separately to
be sure connection is free from contamination or damage

Connector at the rear of a bulkhead can be

viewed through the bulkhead
Testing
 Testing
• Key is to isolate problems
• Splitters are passive,
usually trouble free
• Lookk for
f issues at
connectors and jumpers
• Be
B aware if didisconnecting
ti
before a splitter number
of users on the channel
 Testing
• Test in both directions
• Use an OLTS if available , otherwise standard loss
tester at 1310 0r 1550
• Iff equipment uses 1490, Okk to test at 1550
confirm splitters are pretested to save time;
test cable links
 Testing
• Testing with splitters: 3dB lost for each 1:2 split
• 568B.3 = max .75dB per mated pair
• Attenuation over distance in the cable run
• Bend insensitive cable can be helpful
 OTDR Testing
• Not necessarily needed if links and actives test
wellll b
but might
i h bbe required
i d
• Can be useful in determining distance to
microbends anomalies and bit errors
microbends,
• Standard OTDR can be used on dark fiber at
1310 1550 or 1490
• In service testers used to test active line on
unused wavelengths – 1625 or 1650nm
 OTDR Testing (continued)
• If testing through splitters downstream OTDR
d
doesn’t ’ recognize
i split
li fib
fibers
• Events downstream from a splitter will show
but which fiber is unknown
• Better to test upstream from user towards OLT
• Upstream
U t through
th h splitter
litt ttreated
t d as 1 fib
fiber
 OTDR Testing (continued)
• Be aware of splitter loss and other attenuation when testing
• Be aware of received power parameters at the ONT
• High received power is not uncommon
 Optical LAN Link Budget
• Max distance limited by Loss
attenuation fiber loss
attenuation, loss. Splitters Attenuation (typical) Unit
and connections contribute. Optical Loss 1310 nm 0.35 dB/Km
Optical Loss 1490 nm 0.25 dB/Km
• Most budgets between 8 & 28dB; Optical
p Loss 1550 nm 0.22 dB/Km
/
smaller splits and shorter cables Splice Loss per unit 0.05 dB
require attenuators Connector Loss 0.35 dB
1x32 PON Splitter 16.7 dB
GPON Budgetd 1x16 PON Splitter 12.9 dB
Splitter (1:32) = 16.7dB 1x8 PON Splitter 7.8 dB
Fiber Loss 10Km= 3.5dB 1x4 PON Splitter 5.4 dB
Conn/Splice Loss= 3.5dB
23.7dB
Thank You!

Questions?