15-th Korean Mathematical Olympiad 2002

Final Round
First Day – April 13, 2002

1. For a prime p of the form 12k + 1 and Z p = {0, 1, 2, . . ., p − 1}, define

E p = {(a, b) ∈ Z2p | p ∤ 4a3 + 27b2}.

We say that elements (a, b) and (a′ , b′ ) of E p are equivalent if there is a nonzero
c ∈ Z p such that p | a′ − ac4 and p | b′ − bc6 . Find the maximal number of
inequivalent elements of E p .
2. Find all functions f : R → R such that for all x ∈ R and y ∈ f (R)

f (x − y) = f (x) + xy + f (y).

3. The following facts are known on a mathematical contest:

(i) There were n ≥ 4 problems;

(ii) Each problem was solved by exactly four contestants;
(iii) For any two problems there is exactly one contestant who solved both prob-
lems.
Assuming that there were at least 4n contestants, find the minimum value of n
for which there always exists a contestant who solved all the problems.

Second Day – April 14, 2002

4. For positive real numbers a1 , . . . , an , b1 , . . . , bn (n ≥ 3) with the bi pairwise dis-

tinct, denote S = a1 + a2 + · · · + an and T = b1 b2 · · · bn .
n
aj
(a) Let f (x) = (x − b1 )(x − b2 ) · · · (x − bn ) ∑ . Find the number of dis-
j=1 x − b j
tinct real zeroes of the polynomial f (x).
! 1
n−1
1 n  aj  T n aj
(b) Prove that ∑
n − 1 j=1
1 −
S
b j > ∑ bj
S j=1
.

5. In an acute-angled triangle ABC, the altitude from A meets the circumcircle O at

D. Let P be a point on O, and let Q be the foot of the perpendicular from P to
AB. Prove that if Q is outside O and 2∠QPB = ∠PBC, then the points D, P, Q
are collinear.
6. Let pn denote the n-th smallest prime (p1 = 2, p2 = 3, p3 = 5, etc.).

The IMO Compendium Group,

D. Djukić, V. Janković, I. Matić, N. Petrović
www.imomath.com
(a) For a given n ≥ 10, let r be the smallest integer such that pr > n − 3, and
let Ns = sp1 p2 · · · pr−1 − 1 for s = 1, 2, . . . , pr . Show that there exists j,
1 ≤ j ≤ pr , such that none of p1 , p2 , . . . , pn divides N j .
(b) Using the result of (a), find all m for which p2m+1 < p1 p2 · · · pm .

The IMO Compendium Group,

D. Djukić, V. Janković, I. Matić, N. Petrović
www.imomath.com