001 ERAN12.1 Solution Overview and Product Delta - MRPQ ISSUE 1.00

eRAN Solution Overview & Product Delta
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 In TM7, TM8, or PMI feedback-independent TM9, the eNodeB determines the downlink
channel characteristics based on sounding reference signals (SRSs).
 In PMI feedback-dependent TM9, the UE estimates channel quality based on channel state
information-reference signals (CSI-RSs), and then provides channel state information (CSI)
feedback to the eNodeB.
 The downlink channel characteristics can be accurately determined only when channel
calibration is successful.
 TM9 offers the following benefits:
 TM9 increases the average cell throughput when more than two layers are used.
 PMI feedback-dependent TM9 offers beamforming gains in carrier aggregation (CA)
scenarios without SRSs configured.
Transmission Mode Precoding RI/PMI/CQI Feedback Demodulation
TM8 SRS‐based weighting Based on CRSs Based on DM‐RSs
PMI feedback‐ SRS‐based weighting Based on CRSs Based on DM‐RSs

independent TM9
PMI feedback‐ PMI‐based weighting Based on CSI‐RSs Based on DM‐RSs

dependent TM9


 In this figure, the arc indicates the peak of a carrier signal. The signal strength increases when
two signal peaks meet each other and decreases when a signal peak meets a signal bottom.
 When beamforming is not used, the beam shape and lobe positions are fixed. When a UE
resides between two beams at the cell edge, signals are weak.
 When beamforming is enabled, the eNodeB imposes weights on downlink signals, and
adjusts the transmit power and phase of signals to be transmitted through each antenna
array so that the main lobe is directed at UEs, thereby improving the signal strength.



 Figure shows an example of dual-stream beamforming, in which four antennas are used.
Each antenna has two weights: wi1 and wi2. Data stream S1 is assigned four weights (w11 to
w41), and data stream S2 is assigned the other four weights (w12 to w42). After weighting and
combining, the two streams are transmitted over four antenna ports.

 When MU beamforming is enabled, the eNodeB selects the UEs with high antenna channel
correlations and low UE channel correlations for pairing due to the following reasons:
 If antenna channels are highly correlated and dual-stream beamforming is used, the
data streams interfere with each other. In MU beamforming mode, the UEs with low
channel correlations are paired. In this situation, spatial multiplexing gains are offered.
 If antenna channels are lowly correlated, each UE can transmit multiple data streams
and MU beamforming offers lower gains than dual-stream beamforming.
 If single-stream beamforming or dual-stream beamforming has been enabled, MU
beamforming can be enabled or disabled by setting the
CELLALGOSWITCH.MuBfAlgoSwitch parameter.
 UE Pairing
 Within each TTI, the eNodeB selects UEs, pairs them, and schedules resources for
them as follows:
 Selects TM7, TM8, or TM9 UEs whose CQI value is greater than the internally
specified threshold for MU beamforming pairing. NOTE: To enable UE pairing for PMI
feedback-dependent TM9, select the TM9MuBfSwitch(TM9MuBfSwitch) check
box under the MuBfAlgoSwitch parameter.
 Selects two candidate UEs for a pairing attempt. If pairing-related counters of the two
UEs (such as spectral efficiency improvements and UE channel correlations after UE
pairing) reach their specified thresholds, UE pairing is successful. Otherwise, UE
pairing fails.

 MU Beamforming Resource Adjustment

 When the downlink PRB usage is less than 100% and MU beamforming is enabled,
the local cell adjusts its resources to mitigate its interference to neighboring cells or to
minimize the number of residual small packets generated during UE scheduling when
two UEs are paired for MU beamforming.
 With the MU beamforming resource adjustment function, the local cell arranges free
resource blocks (RBs) using MU beamforming pairing to minimize the number of
resource block groups (RBGs) when layer-1 or layer-2 RBGs are not fully used within a
TTI. In this way, the PRB usage of the local cell decreases and interference to
neighboring cells is mitigated.
 The MU beamforming resource adjustment function is controlled by the
MubfResAdjSwitch(MubfResAdjSwitch) check box under the
CELLALGOSWITCH.MuBfAlgoSwitch parameter.

 The HighOrderMubfSwitch(HighOrderMubfSwitch) check box under the

CELLALGOSWITCH.MuBfAlgoSwitch parameter specifies whether high-order MU
beamforming is enabled.
 After high-order MU beamforming is enabled, the eNodeB performs the channel processing
procedure as follows:
 The eNodeB starts the UE pairing procedure and generates beamforming weights for
the corresponding data streams.
 Imposes weights on each of the paired data streams and demodulation reference
signals (DM-RSs), and then transmits the data streams and DM-RSs over antenna
ports.


 The threshold for triggering the switching between single- and dual-stream beamforming is
specified by the CellBfMimoParaCfg.BfSingleToDualThdOffset parameter.


Value of the Value of the UE Type SINR Transmission Mode

BfMimoAdaptiveS CrsPortNum
witch Parameter Parameter
NO_ADAPTIVE N/A N/A N/A Adaption between transmission modes is not enabled. The actual
transmission mode is specified by the
CELLBFMIMOPARACFG.FixedBfMimoMode parameter.
This value is recommended only in test scenarios.
TxD_BF_ADAPTIVE N/A High‐speed UEs N/A Transmit diversity (TM2)
Low‐speed UEs compliant with N/A Single‐stream beamforming (TM7)
3GPP Release 8
Low‐speed UEs compliant with Low Single‐stream beamforming (TM8)
3GPP Release 9 or later High Dual‐stream beamforming (TM8)
MIMO_BF_ADAPTIVE CRS_PORT_2 High‐speed UEs Low Transmit diversity (TM2)

High Spatial multiplexing (TM3 rank 2 to rank 4)
3GPP Release 8 High Spatial multiplexing (TM3 rank 2)
3GPP Release 9 High •Dual‐stream beamforming (TM8)
•Spatial multiplexing (TM3 rank 2)
Low‐speed UEs compliant with Low •Single‐stream beamforming (TM8)
3GPP Release 10 or later •TM9 rank 1
High •Dual‐stream beamforming (TM8)
•Spatial multiplexing (TM3 rank 2)
•TM9 rank 2 to rank 4
MIMO_BF_ADAPTIVE CRS_PORT_4 High‐speed UEs Low Transmit diversity (TM2)
High Spatial multiplexing (TM3 rank 2)
3GPP Release 8 High Spatial multiplexing (TM3 or TM4 rank 2 to rank 4)
3GPP Release 9 or later High •Dual‐stream beamforming (TM8)
Huawei Mexico Training Center •Spatial multiplexing (TM3 or TM4 rank 2 to rank 4)
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 Set these parameters through MOD CELLALGOSWITCH.

 BfAlgoSwitch
 Parameter name: BF algorithm switch
 Value range: BfSwitch
 Actual value range: the same as value range.
 Unit: None
 Content: Indicates whether to enable or disable the beamforming algorithm. If this BfSwitch option is
selected, the beamforming algorithm is used for all UEs in a specific cell. If this option is deselected, the
beamforming algorithm is not used for all UEs in a specific cell. The beamforming algorithm is disabled
by default. If a cell supporting beamforming is established, manually enable the beamforming algorithm.
This option applies only to LTE TDD networks.
 MuBfAlgoSwitch
 Parameter name: MUBF Algorithm Switch
 Value range: MuBfSwitch(MuBfSwitch), TM9MuBfSwitch(TM9MuBfSwitch),
HighOrderMubfSwitch(HighOrderMubfSwitch), MubfResAdjSwitch(MubfResAdjSwitch)
 Actual value range: the same as value range
 Unit: None
 Content: The TM9Switch option, HighOrderMubfSwitch option, and the MubfResAdjSwitch option can
be selected only when the MuBfSwitch option is selected. If the MuBfSwitch option is selected and the
HighOrderMubfSwitch option is deselected, non-high-order multi-user pairing is enabled in the
downlink. The pairing can be performed between a maximum of two layers, which increases the
average downlink throughput in heavy load scenarios. If the MuBfSwitch option and the
HighOrderMubfSwitch option are selected, high-order multi-user pairing is enabled in the downlink. The
pairing can be performed between a maximum of four layers, which increases the average downlink
throughput in heavy load scenarios. It is recommended that the MubfResAdjSwitch option be selected
when the MuBfSwitch option is selected. If the MubfResAdjSwitch option is selected, MU beamforming
resource adjustment is enabled. MU beamforming resource adjustment helps reduce the interference of
the local cell to neighboring cells or the number of residual small packets generated when two UEs are
paired for MU beamforming in light-load scenarios. If the TM9MuBfSwitch option is selected, closed-
loop TM9 UEs can be paired to increase the average downlink throughput in a heavily loaded cell. Do
not select this option if a cell is lightly loaded or pairing of closed-loop TM9 UEs is not expected.

 Set these parameters through MOD CELLBF.

 MaxBfRankPara
 Parameter name: Beamforming maximum number of layers
 Value range: SINGLE_LAYER_BF(Single-Layer BF), DUAL_LAYER_BF(Dual-Layer BF)
 Actual value range: the same as value range.
 Unit: None
 Content: Indicates the maximum number of beamforming layers, that is, the rank of
beamforming. The value SINGLE_LAYER_BF indicates single-stream beamforming
(that is, beamforming with the rank of 1), and the value DUAL_LAYER_BF indicates
dual-stream beamforming (that is, beamforming with the rank of 2).


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eRAN Solution Overview & Product Delta

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Transmission Mode Precoding RI/PMI/CQI Feedback Demodulation

TM8 SRS‐based weighting Based on CRSs Based on DM‐RSs

PMI feedback‐ SRS‐based weighting Based on CRSs Based on DM‐RSs

PMI feedback‐ PMI‐based weighting Based on CSI‐RSs Based on DM‐RSs

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 MU Beamforming Resource Adjustment

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 The HighOrderMubfSwitch(HighOrderMubfSwitch) check box under the

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Value of the Value of the UE Type SINR Transmission Mode

MIMO_BF_ADAPTIVE CRS_PORT_2 High‐speed UEs Low Transmit diversity (TM2)

 Set these parameters through MOD CELLALGOSWITCH.

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 Set these parameters through MOD CELLBF.

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