Physical Vapor Pressure

CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 Physical

Properties of Vapor Pressure
Conversion Factors
Derived Common Common Properties of of H2O (Ice,
Physical and Elements and of Inorganic and
and Mathematical Units Conversions Constants Organic Supercooled,
Chemical Data Inorganic Organic Liquids
Symbols Compounds and Liquid)
Compounds
Vapor Density of Aqueous Solubilities of
Vapor Density of Density of Density of Densities of
Pressure of Inorganic Solutions
Aqueous Organic Inorganic Critical
Pressure of Saturated Organic (with
Solutions (with
Miscellaneous
Compounds at
Organic Concentrations) (1 Constants
Solutions Liquid Water Liquids atm) Concentrations) Materials Various Temps
Compounds
Latent Heat  (Gamma)= Specific Heat Specific Heat Heat of Enthalpy
(Heats of Heat (Cp/Cv) of Formation of Hf, Gibbs, Thermodynamic Concentration
of Aqueous
Fusion and Capacity (Specific Heat Miscellaneous Inorganic Entropy, Hc Properties of Air Diagram of
Vaporization) Ratio)
Solutions Materials Compounds NaOH
Vapor Viscosity Viscosity Vapor Thermal
Thermodynamic Conductivity
Thermal Viscosity of Prandtl Diffusivity of Diffusivities
(Organic and (Organic and Conductivity
Properties of
Inorganic Inorganic
(Organic and
(Organic and Liquids Number of Pairs of Gases in Liquids
Water Inorganic
Substances) Liquids) Substances)
Inorganic Liquids) (Nomograph) Air (1 atm) (25oC)
Thermal Heat transfer by
Dimensional CHAPTER 5 Conduction Fourier’s Law 5-1, Conduction with Heat
Conductivity CHAPTER 3 Analysis and some CHAPTER 4
Dimensionless Heat and Mass Thermal One dimensional Resistances in Transfer by
of Building Mathematics Thermodynamics Conductivity, Steady Conduction 5-4 Series 5-9, 5-11
Numbers Transfer State Conduction Convection
Materials
Heat Transfer Heat Transfer Radiant
Flow through with Change of Coefficient for Heat
Natural Equations for Forced Emissive powers Energy
Nusselt’s Number tubes banks Phase, film-type Transfer by equation (E)
Convection Convection condensation condensation Interchange
equations coefficients graph
Radiation Q1,2 equation
Hydraulic Diffusivity
Diffusivity Diffusivity Hydraulic
Diameter Mass Fick’s Law 5- Correlations of HTU, NTU,
Emmisivity  Correlations Correlations Diameter
Rectangular Transfer 189 Liquids (Tables z(ht)
Duct Equation of Gases 5-14, 5-15) of Solids Equation
Stoke’s Law Volumetric Mass- CHAPTER 6 Viscosity,
Transfer Fluid Equations: Fanning
Terminal Fluid and Kinematic Incompressible
Settling Velocity
Coefficients Dynamics Viscosity
Continuity, Flow
MEB 6-30 Friction, Surface
Equations (K’Ga, Particle Roughness
(k<3.3) Concepts Formulas Bernoulli
KLa) 5-313, 5-314 Dynamics
Fanning
Frictional Frictional loss Mach Equation for Terminal Terminal/Free
Friction, Compressible Dimensionless Settling Velocity,
Loss in Pipes for fittings and Number Compressible Settling Spherical particles
Reynolds, 6-32 Flow Groups
6-89 valves Equation Fluids 6-114 Velocity 6-228, 6-229
– 6-39
 Stokes’ Law CHAPTER 7 Rate CHAPTER 8
Michaelis
(k<3.3) 6-232, Half-life 7- Process
Newton’s Law
Reaction constant Reactors Menten Kinetics Process Thermometers
Measurements
4-90 171
(k>4.4) 6-234 Kinetics Equation 7-7 Control

Process CHAPTER 9 Accounting, Estimation of Manufacturing

Capital Cost Cost Indices
Controllers Valves Control and Process Ledgers, cost by – Operating
Estimation Table 9-9 Expenses
Plant Safety Economics Journals capacity 9-1
Straight Line CHAPTER 10 Velocity for
Depreciation, MARR, Net Glossary for Incompressible and Volumetric
Interest Transport and Measurement
Declining Balance Profitability Present Worth Process Compressible Flow Rate
Method 9-10, 9- Formulas Storage of of Flow Fluids in Pitot
9-19, 9-21 Economics 10-12
11 Fluids Tubes 10-13, 10-14
Velocity ratio Discharge Discharge Open Channel
Differential
Coefficient of Coefficient of Area Meters Rectangular and
vs Reynolds Head Meters Coefficient Coefficient Volume Expansion Volume Expansion
Pressure
for Head Meters for Head Meters (Rotameters) Triangular Notch
Number Fig. Flowmeters 10-22 NRe>30000 Fig NRe<30000 Fig Weirs 10-39, 10-
10 -13 10-15 10-16 of gases 10-23 Fig 10-18 10-37, 10-37 40
Pump Adiabatic
NPSH, Pump Performance Piping System
Pumps and Head for Adiabatic Process Plant
Selection Fig Curves Figs. 10- Affinity Laws Compressors Components ,
Compressors 38, 10-39, 10-41, Compressors Calculations Piping
10-24 Joints, Valves
10-56, 10-58 10-73
Design of Storage and LMTD
Properties of Piping Storage of Pressure CHAPTER 11 Overall HTC
Process Vessels Correction
Piping Storage of
Heat-Transfer Factors for Heat
Steel Pipe Systems Gases Vessels 11-1 – 11-4
Systems Liquids Equipment Exchangers
Calculation of Shell and Tube
Overall HTCs Number of Tube Coefficient of
Shell Side Heat Heat
Tables 11-3 – Passes 11-74 - Refrigeration Performance Refrigerants Evaporators
Geometrical Exchangers 11-75
Exchangers
Parameters 11-8 Costing 11-84 -11-87

Arrangement CHAPTER 12 Thermodynamic

Psychrometry,
Saturation Psychrometric Psychrometric Properties of
Psychrometry Psychrometric
BPR of Evaporative Terminologies
Vapor Pressure Equation (Twb is Charts Figs. 12-1 Saturated Air Calculations
Evaporators Cooling, and Solids 12-4 known) 12-11 – 12-4
Drying (RH=100)
 Evaporative K (Vapor-Liquid
Clausius- Liquid – Vapor De Priester
Cooling – Drying CHAPTER 13 Distillation Equilibrium ratio) Equilibrium
Clapeyron Equilibrium
13-1, Relative
Charts Fig
Cooling Terminologies Distillation Principles Data Curves
Towers Equation Volatility 13-2 13-9
Single- Stage Isothermal Flash Bubble Point q (thermal
Raoult’s Law McCabe Rectifying Line
Antoine Antoine Equilibrium Distillation and Dew Point condition of the
K Value 13- Equations 13-
Thiele Equation 13-
feed), Feed Line
Equation Constants Flash Equations 13-
11 12, 13-13 Method 21 Equation 13-28
Equations 15, 13-16
Murphree Plate Fenske Petroleum and
Simulation of
Efficiency 13-29, Underwood Kremser Degrees of Distillation Enhanced Complex Mixture
Fenske Equation
Distillation Distillation, Lab
API Gravity
Gilliland Equation Freedom Systems Distillation
13-31, 13-32 Method Processes Distillation Tests

Catalytic Cracking Rayleigh CHAPTER 14 Gas

Design of Gas
Crude Oil Unit, Delayed Batch Equipment for Absorption, HOG, NOG,
coking Unit Figs. Equation Distillation, Gas Absorption KGa Values
Distillation Distillation Absorption, Phase Stripping hT
13-108 13-109 F/W 13-126 Dispersion, and Phase Systems
Separation Definitions
Comparison of
Entrainment Robbins’ Generalized FLGFlow
Tray Common Tray Pressure equation Total Packed Pressure Drop Parameter
Flooding Correlation
Columns types, Tray Drop Pressure Drop Columns Correlation for Trays 14-
Spacing Fig 14-34 14-145 14-140 141
GPDC Random Gilliland and
Packings Fig. 14- Mass Transfer Wetted Sherwood Mist vs. CHAPTER 15
Packing Phase Phase Liquid-Liquid Extraction,
55, Structured Coefficient Wall/ Falling Equation for Spray and Other Liquid-Liquid
Packings Fig. 14- Factors Wetted Wall Dispersion Separation operations and
Fig 14-73 Film Column Definition Equipment
56 Columns 14-171
Separation Factor
Properties of Partition ratio Solvent
Liquid-liquid Extraction 15-14, Minimum Phase Partition
mass fraction,
a Desirable Number of
Partition Ratio and Maximum Screening
Extraction Factor 15-11 Solvent-Feed diagrams Ratio Data
Solvent Stages 15-2, 15-3 Ratio 15-15, 15-15
Methods
Flooding Mass Transfer Power Number
Kremser Equipment
Calculation Ap and  for Crawford- Data for Mass Transfer Mass Transfer vs. Impeller
Equation 15- Liquid-liquid Reynolds
Methods Packings Wilke Packed Data for Plates Data for Trays
48 Extraction Correlation Columns Number
Equipment CHAPTER 16 Physical Physical Properties Rate and
Liquid-liquid Adsorption of Ion Exchange Batch Process
Properties of Materials, Sorption Dispersion Chromatography Equipment
Phase and Ion Adsorption Cycles
Separation Adsorbents Equilibrium Factors
Exchange
CHAPTER 17 Fluidized Bed Uses of Dust Efficiency of Some US
Gas-Solid Systems, Gas- Solids gravity
Fluidized Collection Scrubbers Patented Filters
Operation and Types of Separations setting
beds equipment Scrubbers
Equipment Solids chamber 17-1
Average CHAPTER 18 Classification Impeller Power Mixing of Power
Atmospheric Liquid-Solid System for Mixing Viscous Power Number vs
Reynolds Consumption
Dust Operation and mixing Equipment Fluids, Pastes Number Reynolds
Concentration Number 18-1 of Impellers
Equipment Processes and Doughs Number
s
Crystallizer Selection of a
Crystallization Phase Habit Equipment Number of Clarifiers,
Costs, Leaching Thickeners
from Solution Diagrams Modifiers Crystallization Stages 18-45 Parameters
Leaching Process

Area for Inclined Typical Thickener Thickener Continuous Percent Constant

Filtration Theory Minimum Cake
Plate Clarifiers 18- and Clarifier Filtration Batch Pressure
51, Total Design Criteria Costs, (Hagen-Poiseuille
Equations 18-55
Thickness for Remaining Filtration 18-70
Equation 18-54) Discharge Filtration
Clarification Area and Parameter Filtration – 18-59 18-68 – 18-73
Centripetal
Constant Rate Filter Fabric Acceleration,
Cake Porosity 18- Power
Filtration 87 – 18-89, Total
Filtration 18-74 – Filter Media Materials, Filter Prices Centrifuges Centrifugal
Solids Recovery
Consumption
18-76 Equipment Acceleration 18-78,
18-96 – 18-98
Filter Aids 18-79 18-90,18-93

Terminal Velocity Industrial Batch Continuous Concepts Residence

Sedimentation Filtration CHAPTER 19
Centrifuges 18-
Sedimenting Filtering Filtering Expression and Reactor Time of
Centrifuges
Rate 18-119a Reactors
103 Centrifuges Centrifuges Types Reactors

KGa for KGa for

Single Phase Fluid-Solid Fluid-Fluid Moving Bed, Fluid-Fluid
Fixed Bed Kiln Intalox Raschig Rings
Reactors Reactors Reactor Fluidized Bed Reactors
(Absorption) (Absorption
CHAPTER 20 Supercritical
Alternative
Reactor Solid Multiphase Reactor Alternative Crystallization Fluid Membrane
Solid/Liquid
Types Reactors Reactors Types Separation from Melt Separation Separation
Processes Processes Separations
Selection of
Reverse Gas CHAPTER 21
Separation Size Biochemical Particle Size
Osmosis, Microfiltration Separation Pervaporation Solid-Solid
Factor Spectrum Separation Analysis
Nanofiltration Membranes Operations
Processes
 Pressure Drop Kick’s,
across Initial fixed Ergun’s Dry Grinding
Solids Size Rittinger’s, Breakage
bed 21-26, Relation 21- Solids Mixing Work Index (Impact and
Handling Kozeny-Carman Reduction Bond’s Laws mode
relation, 21-27
28 21-73 – 21-75 Roller Mills)
Critical Speed Size
Capacity Roll Net Power of Crushing and Principles of Objectives of
Fluid Energy Wet/Dry of Mill 21-92, Enlargement
Crushers 21- driving a ball Grinding Size Size
or Jet Mills Grinding Ball Diameter Methods and
91 21-93 mill 21-94 Practice Enlargement Enlargement Enlargement
Agglomeration Air Pollution
CHAPTER 22 Ambient Air Capital
Rate Net Emission Hazardous Pollution Management
Waste Introduction Quality Recovery
Processes and Increase Air Pollutants Prevention of Stationary
Mechanics Management Standards Factor Sources
Biofilm interface Estimation of
Different pollutant Industrial BOD, COD,
Gaseous Effects of Air Henry’s Wastewater Priority
Types of concentration 22- Wastewater and TOC
Pollutants Pollutants 12, Pollutant Constant 22- characteristics chemicals
Plume stability 22-13 14 Management Relationships
Sources and Density and
Wastewater Management Moisture
Primary Secondary Ion Exchange Sludge Types of Moisture
Treatment of Solid content 22-
Treatment Treatment Resins Processing Industrial Content of
Pretreatment Wastes 26
Wastes some waste
Ultimate Factors in CHAPTER 25 Thermal Melting
Dulong Analysis of Fluid Galvanic Properties of Temperatures
some Industrial
Selecting a Materials of Expansion of some
Formula Corrosion Series Materials
Waste Landfill Site Construction Coefficients common Alloys
Physical and High and Low Chemical Graphite and
Mechanical Thermoplastic
Properties of
Temperature Resistance of Silicon Carbide
Properties
Low Alloy Steels Materials Elastomers Properties
Monod Equations
Volumetric Monod Substrate
Laplace Tyler Mesh Process
Math Fluid Flow Flow Rate 6- Kinetics Equation 7- Inhibition,
Transforms Number Product Inhibition Control
36 92 7-151, 7-152

Feedback loop Clapeyron

Henry’s Heat of
Transfer Chapter 2 Thermo Equation 4- Chapter 2 math Areas
Function 8-48
Constants Solution
140
 Minimum Equivalent ht = HOGNOG 14-15,
Reynold’s Diameter HOG Equation,
Chapter12 Chapter 17 Number for
Chapter 6 Equations 6-50
Chapter 14 Colburn Equation
Fluidized Bed – 6-52 14-23

Turbine Transition state,

Conversion
thermo efficiency Kinetics Collision 1, 0.5
7-9 7-20
Wactual/Wtheo