Ec 2011

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.
net
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC

2011
Q. No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 1 Consider the following statements regarding the complex Poynting vector Pv for
et
the power radiated by a point source in an infinite homogeneous and lossless
medium. Re(Pv ) denotes the real part of Pv.S denotes a spherical surface whose
.n
centre is at the point source, and nt denotes the unit surface normal on S.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
g
(A) Re(Pv ) remains constant at any radial distance from the source
n
i
(B) Re(Pv ) increases with increasing radial distance from the source
r
(C)
(D)
##
S
## ee
Re (Pv) .nt dS remains constant at any radial distance from the source
Re (Pv) .nt dS decreases with increasing radial distance form the source
S
in
Power radiated from any source is constant.
g
Sol. 1
Hence (C) is correct option..

Q. 2
en
A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 W is terminated by a 50 W
sy
load. When excited by a sinusoidal voltage source at 10 GHz, the phase
difference between two points spaced 2 mm apart on the line is found to be p
a
radians. The phase velocity of the wave along the line is
4
.E
(A) 0.8 # 108 m/s (B) 1.2 # 108 m/s
w
(C) 1.6 # 108 m/s (D) 3 # 108 m/s
Sol. 2
w
We have d = 2 mm and f = 10 GHz
Phase difference = 2p d = p ;
or
w l 4
= l = 8d = 8 # 2 mm = 16 mm
v = fl = 10 # 109 # 16 # 10-3
= 1.6 # 108 m/ sec
Hence (C) is correct option.
Q. 3 An analog signal is band-limited to 4 kHz, sampled at the Nyquist rate and
the samples are quantized into 4 levels. The quantized levels are assumed to be
independent and equally probable. If we transmit two quantized samples per
second, the information rate is ________ bits / second.
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
Sol. 3 Quantized 4 level require 2 bit representation i.e. for one sample 2 bit are required.
Since 2 sample per second are transmitted we require 4 bit to be transmitted per
second.
Hence (D) is correct option.
Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011
Q. 4 The root locus plot for a system is given below. The open loop transfer function
corresponding to this plot is given by
et
.n
ng
i
s (s + 1)
(A) G(s) H(s) = k
e
(B) G(s) H(s) = k
r(s + 2) (s + 3)
(s + 1)
ne s (s + 2) (s + 3) 2
1
gi
(C) G(s) H(s) = k
s (s - 1) (s + 2) (s + 3)
(s + 1)
Sol. 4
en
(D) G(s) H(s) = k
s (s + 2) (s + 3)
For given plot root locus exists from - 3 to 3, So there must be odd number of
sy
poles and zeros. There is a double pole at s =- 3
Now poles = 0, - 2, - 3, - 3
a
.E
zeros =- 1
k (s + 1)
Thus transfer function G (s) H (s) =
w
Hence (B) is correct option.
s (s + 2) (s + 3) 2
Q. 5 w
A system is defined by its impulse response h (n) = 2n u (n - 2). The system is
w
(A) stable and causal
(C) stable but not causal
(B) causal but not stable
(D) unstable and non-causal
Sol. 5 Function h (n) = an u (n) stable if a < 1 and Unstable if a H 1
We have h (n) = 2n u (n - 2);
Here a = 2 therefore h (n) is unstable and since h (n) = 0 for n < 0
Therefore h (n) will be causal. So h (n) is causal and not stable.
Q. 6 If the unit step response of a network is (1 - e- at), then its unit impulse
response is
(A) ae- at (B) a-1 e- at
(C) (1 - a-1) eat (D) (1 - a) e- at
Sol. 6 Hence (A) is correct option.
Impulse response = d (step response)
dt
= d (1 - e- at)
dt
= 0 + ae- at = ae- at

Q. 7 The output Y in the circuit below is always ‘1’ when
(A) two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are ‘0’

(B) two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are ‘1’
et
(C) any odd number of the inputs P, Q, R is ‘0’
(D) any odd number of the inputs P, Q, R is ‘1’
.n
The given circuit is shown below:
g
Sol. 7
in
er
ne
gi
n
(PQ QR ) PR = (PQ + QR PR )
e
sy = PQ + QR + PR
= PQ + QR + PR
a
If any two or more inputs are ‘1’ then output y will be 1.
.E
In the circuit shown below, capacitors C1 and C2 are very large and are shorts
w
Q. 8
at the input frequency. vi is a small signal input. The gain magnitude vo at 10

w
M rad/s is
vi
(A) maximum (B) minimum

(C) unity (D) zero
Sol. 8 For the parallel RLC circuit resonance frequency is,
wr = 1 = 1 = 10 M rad/s
LC 10 # 10 # 1 # 10-9
-6

Thus given frequency is resonance frequency and parallel RLC circuit has
maximum impedance at resonance frequency
Gain of the amplifier is gm # (ZC RL) where ZC is impedance of parallel RLC
circuit.
At w = wr , ZC = R = 2 kW = ZC max .
Hence at this frequency (wr ), gain is
Gain w = w = gm (ZC RL) = gm (2k 2k) = gm # 103 which is maximum.
t
r
Therefore gain is maximum at wr = 10 M rad/ sec .

e
Hence (A) is correct option.
n
Q. 9
g.
Drift current in the semiconductors depends upon
(A) only the electric field
in
(B) only the carrier concentration gradient
r
(C) both the electric field and the carrier concentration
e
e
(D) both the electric field and the carrier concentration gradient
n
i
Sol. 9
g
Drift current Id = qnmn E
n
It depends upon Electric field E and carrier concentration n
Q. 10
ye
A Zener diode, when used in voltage stabilization circuits, is biased in
(A) reverse bias region below the breakdown voltage
as
(B) reverse breakdown region
(C) forward bias region
.E
(D) forward bias constant current mode
Sol. 10
w
Zener diode operates in reverse breakdown region.
w
w

Q. 11 The circuit shown below is driven by a sinusoidal input vi = v p cos (t/RC ) . The
steady state output vo
(A) (v p /3) cos (t/RC ) (B) (v p /3) sin (t/RC )

(C) (v p /2) cos (t/RC ) (D) (v p /2) sin (t/RC )
Sol. 11 The given circuit is shown below

For parallel combination of R and C equivalent impedance is

R$ 1
jw C R
Zp = =
R+ 1 1 + j wRC
jw C
et
Transfer function can be written as
R
Vout = Z p
Vin
.n
Zs + Zp
=
1 + jwRC
R+ 1 + R
ng jwC 1 + jwRC
ri =
jwRC
jwRC + (1 + jwRC) 2
ee =
j
j + (1 + j) 2
Here w = 1
RC
in
Vout
Vin
=
j
(1 + j) 2 + j
=1
3
Thus
ng v out
V
= b p l cos (t/RC)
3
ye
Q. 12
a s
Consider a closed surface S surrounding volume V. If rv is the position vector
of a point inside S, with nt the unit normal on S, the value of the integral
.E
## 5rt.nv dS is
(A) 3V (B) 5V
(C) 10V w (D) 15V
Sol. 12 w###
From Divergence theorem, we have
w # v = A
v Adv
4$
The position vector
s
v $ nt ds
rv = ^utx x + uty y + utz z h

v = 5rv, thus
Here, A
c 2x 2z m ^ h
4$ A v = utx 2 + uty 2 + utz 2 : utx x + uty y + utz z
2y
dy dz
= c dx +
dx dy dz m
+ 5 = 3 # 5 = 15
So, ##s 5rv $ nt ds = ### 15 dv = 15V

Hence (D) is correct option
TE
Q. 13 The modes in a rectangular waveguide are denoted by TM where mn
mn
m and n are the eigen numbers along the larger and smaller dimensions of the
waveguide respectively. Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) The TM 10 mode of the wave does not exist
(B) The TE 10 mode of the wave does not exist

(C) The TM 10 and TE 10 the modes both exist and have the same cut-off
frequencies
(D) The TM 10 and TM 01 modes both exist and have the same cut-off
frequencies
Sol. 13 TM11 is the lowest order mode of all the TMmn modes.
dy
Q. 14
(A) x = ce-ky
et
The solution of the differential equation
dx
= ky, y (0) = c is
(B) x = kecy
(C) y = cekx
.n (D) y = ce-kx
Sol. 14
n
Hence (C) is correct answerg
We have
dy
dx r
= kyi
#
Integrating # dy
ee
= k dx + A
n
y
or
gi
ln y = kx + A
Since y (0) = c thus ln c = A
So, we get,
en
ln y = kx + ln c
or
syln y = ln ekx + ln c
or
a y = cekx
.E
The Column-I lists the attributes and the Column-II lists the modulation
Q. 15
systems. Match the attribute to the modulation system that best meets it
w
Column-I
w
P. Power efficient transmission of signals
w
Q. Most bandwidth efficient transmission of voice signals
R. Simplest receiver structure
S. Bandwidth efficient transmission of signals with Significant dc component
Column-II
1. Conventional AM
2. FM
3. VSB
4. SSB-SC
(A) P-4;Q-2;R-1;S-3 (B) P-2;Q-4;R-1;S-3
(C) P-3;Q-2;R-1;S-4 (D) P-2;Q-4;R-3;S-1
Sol. 15 In FM the amplitude is constant and power is efficient transmitted. No variation
in power.
There is most bandwidth efficient transmission in SSB- SC. because we transmit
only one side band.
Simple Diode in Non linear region ( Square law ) is used in conventional AM that
is simplest receiver structure.
In VSB dc. component exists.

d 2y dy
Q. 16 The differential equation 100 2 - 20 + y = x (t) describes a system with an
dt dt
in
put x (t) and an output y (t). The system, which is initially relaxed, is excited by
a unit step input. The output y(t) can be represented by the waveform
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
Sol. 16
ng
d2 y dy
We have
ye 100 2 - 20 + y = x (t)
dt dt
as
Applying Laplace transform we get
100s2 Y (s) - 20sY (s) + Y (s) = X (s)
or .E H (s) =
Y (s)
= 1
w X (s) 100s2 - 20s + 1

1/100 A
w = 2 =
s - (1/5) s + 1/100 s2 + 2xwn s + w2
w
Here wn = 1/10 and 2xwn =- 1/5 giving x =- 1
Roots are s = 1/10, 1/10 which lie on Right side of s plane thus unstable.
Q. 17 For the transfer function G (jw) = 5 + jw , the corresponding Nyquist plot for
positive frequency has the form

Sol. 17 We have
et
G (jw) = 5 + jw
Here s = 5 . Thus G (jw) is a straight line parallel to jw axis.
.n
Q. 18
ng
The trigonometric Fourier series of an even function does not have the
(A) dc term
(C) sine terms
ri (B) cosine terms
(D) odd harmonic terms
Sol. 18
ee
For an even function Fourier series contains dc term and cosine term (even and
in
odd harmonics).
Q. 19
ng
When the output Y in the circuit below is ‘1’, it implies that data has
ye
as
.E
w
(A) changed from 0 to 1 (B) changed from 1 to 0
w
(C) changed in either direction (D) not changed
Sol. 19
w
For the output to be high, both inputs to AND gate should be high.
The D-Flip Flop output is the same, after a delay.
Let initial input be 0; (Consider Option A)
then Q = 1 (For 1st D-Flip Flop). This is given as input to 2nd FF.
Let the second input be 1. Now, considering after 1 time interval; The output of
1st Flip Flop is 1 and 2nd FF is also 1. Thus Output = 1.
Q. 20 The logic function implemented by the circuit below is (ground implies logic 0)
(A) F = AND ^P, Q h (B) F = OR ^P, Q h

(C) F = X NOR ^P, Q h (D) F = X OR ^P, Q h

Sol. 20 Hence (D) is correct option.

F = S1 S 0 I 0 + S1 S 0 I1 + S1 S 0 I 2 + S1 S 0 I 3
I0 = I3 = 0
F = PQ + PQ = XOR (P, Q) ( S1 = P, S 0 = Q )
Q. 21 The circuit below implements a filter between the input current ii and the
output voltage vo . Assume that the opamp is ideal. The filter implemented is a
et
.n
ng
(A) low pass filter
ri (B) band pass filter
Sol. 21
ee
(C) band stop filter
The given circuit is shown below :
(D) high pass filter
in
ng
ye
as
.E
w
From diagram we can write
Ii = Vo + Vo
w R1 sL1
w
Transfer function
H (s) = Vo = sR1 L1
I1 R1 + sL1
jw R 1 L 1
or H (jw) =
R 1 + jw L 1
At w = 0 H (jw) = 0
At w = 3 H (jw) = R1 = constant . Hence HPF.
Q. 22 A silicon PN junction is forward biased with a constant current at room
temperature. When the temperature is increased by 10ºC, the forward bias
voltage across the PN junction
(A) increases by 60 mV (B) decreases by 60 mV
(C) increases by 25 mV (D) decreases by 25 mV
Sol. 22 For every 1c C increase in temperature, forward bias voltage across diode decreases
by 2.5 mV. Thus for 10c C increase, there us 25 mV decreases.

Q. 23 In the circuit shown below, the Norton equivalent current in amperes with
respect to the terminals P and Q is
(A) 6.4 - j 4.8

et (B) 6.56 - j 7.87
(C) 10 + j 0
.n (D) 16 + j 0
Sol. 23
ng
Replacing P - Q by short circuit as shown below we have
ri
ee
in
ng
e
Using current divider rule the current Isc is
y
as ISC = 25
25 + 15 + j30
(16 0 ) = (6.4 - j4.8) A
.E
In the circuit shown below, the value of RL such that the power transferred to
w
Q. 24
RL is maximum is
w
w
(A) 5 W (B) 10 W
(C) 15 W (D) 20 W
Sol. 24 Power transferred to RL will be maximum when RL is equal to the thevenin
resistance. We determine thevenin resistance by killing all source as follows :
RTH = 10 # 10 + 10 = 15 W
10 + 10

Q. 25 The value of the integral # - 3z + 4 dz where c is the circle z = 1 is given

(z 2 + 4z + 5)
by c
(A) 0 (B) 1/10

(C) 4/5 (D) 1
Sol. 25 C R Integrals is # - 3z + 4 dz where C is circle z = 1

C
z 2 + 4z + 5
# f (z) dz
C
= 0 if poles are outside C.
Now z 2 + 4z + 5 = 0
Thus
(z + 2) 2 + 1 = 0
et
z1, 2 =- 2 ! j & z1, 2 > 1
.n
So poles are outside the unit circle.
ng
ri
Q. No. 26 – 51 Carry Two Marks Each
Q. 26
ee
A current sheet J = 10uty A/m lies on the dielectric interface x = 0
between two dielectric media with er 1 = 5, mr 1 = 1 in Region - 1 (x < 0) and
in
er 2 = 5, mr 2 = 2 in Region - 2 (x > 0). If the magnetic field in Region- 1 at
g
x = 0- is Hv1 = 3utx + 30uty A/m the magnetic field in Region-2 at x = 0+ is
n
ye
as
.E
(A) H2 = 1.5utx + 30uty - 10utz A/m
(B) Hv2 = 1.5utx + 30uty - 10utz A/m
w
(C) Hv2 = 1.5utx + 40uty A/m
w
(D) Hv2 = 3utx + 30uty + 10utz A/m
Sol. 26
w
From boundary condition
Bn1 = Bn2
m1 Hx1 = m2 Hx2
or Hx2 = Hx1 = 1.5
2
or Hx2 = 1.5utx
Further if H z = 1.5utx + Auty + Buz
Then from Boundary condition
10uty
(3utx + 30uty) utx = (1.5utx + Auty + Butz ) xt +
Jv
=- 30utz =- Autz + Buty + 10uty
Comparing we get A = 30 and B =- 10

So H z = 1.5utx + 30uty - 10utz A/m

Q. 27 A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 W is terminated in a load

impedance ZL . The VSWR of the line is measured as 5 and the first of the
voltage maxima in the line is observed at a distance of l from the load. The
4
value of ZL is
(A) 10 W (B) 250 W
(C) (19.23 + j 46.15) W (D) (19.23 - j 46.15) W

Sol. 27
et
Since voltage maxima is observed at a distance of l/4 from the load and we know
that the separation between one maxima and minima equals to l/4 so voltage
be pure resistive.
.n
minima will be observed at the load, Therefore load can not be complex it must
Now
ng
G = s-1
s+1
ri
also RL = R 0 (since voltage maxima is formed at the load)
e
s
neRL = 50 = 10 W
5
i
g
Q. 28
en
x (t) is a stationary random process with auto-correlation function.
sy
Rx (t) = exp (pr 2) . This process is passed through the system shown below. The
power spectral density of the output process y (t) is
a
.E
w
w
w
(A) (4p 2 f 2 + 1) exp (- pf 2)
(B) (4p 2 f 2 - 1) exp (- pf 2)
(C) (4p 2 f 2 + 1) exp (- pf )
(D) (4p 2 f 2 - 1) exp (- pf )
We have Sx (f) = F {Rx (t)} = F {exp (- pt2)}
2
= e- pf
The given circuit can be simplified as
Power spectral density of output is

Sy (f) = G (f) 2 Sx (f)
2
= j2pf - 1 2 e- pf
2
= ( (2pf) 2 + 1) 2 e- pf
2
or Sy (f) = (4p2 f 2 + 1) e- pf

Q. 29 The output of a 3-stage Johnson (twisted ring) counter is fed to a digital-to

analog (D/A) converter as shown in the figure below. Assume all the states
of the counter to be unset initially. The waveform which represents the D/A
converter output vo is
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
ye
as
.E
Sol. 29 All the states of the counter are initially unset.
w
w
w
State Initially are shown below in table :
Q2 Q1 Q0
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 4
1 1 0 6
1 1 1 7
0 1 1 3
0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0
Q. 30 Two D flip-flops are connected as a synchronous counter that goes through the
following QB QA sequence 00 " 11 " 01 " 10 " 00 " ....
The combination to the inputs DA and DB are

(A) DA = QB; DB = QA (B) DA = QA; DB = QB

(C) DA = (QA QB + QA QB); DB = QA (D) DA = (QA QB + QA QB); DB = QB
Sol. 30 The sequence is QB QA
00 " 11 " 01 " 10 " 00 " ...
QB QA QB (t + 1) QA (t + 1)
0 0 1 1
1
0
et 1
1
0
1
1
0
1
QB ^t + 1h .n 0 0 0
ng
ri
ee
in
QB ^t + 1h = Q A
ng
ye
as
.E
DA = Q A Q B + QA QB
Q. 31
w
In the circuit shown below, for the MOS transistors, mn Cox = 100 m/A/V 2 and
w
the threshold voltage VT = 1 V . The voltage Vx at the source of the upper
w
transistor is
(A) 1 V (B) 2 V
(C) 3 V (D) 3.67 V
Sol. 31 Given circuit is shown below.

For transistor M2 ,
VGS = VG - VS = Vx - 0 = Vx
VDS = VD - VS = Vx - 0 = Vx
Since VGS - VT = Vx - 1 < VDS , thus M2 is in saturation.

By assuming M1 to be in saturation we have
IDS (M ) = IDS (M )
1 2
mn C 0x m C
(4) (5 - Vx - 1) 2 = n 0x 1 (Vx - 1) 2
2 2
or
et
4 (4 - Vx ) 2 = (Vx - 1) 2
2 (4 - Vx ) = ! (Vx - 1)
Taking positive root,
.n
ng 8 - 2Vx = Vx - 1
Vx = 3 V
ri
At Vx = 3 V for M1,VGS = 5 - 3 = 2 V < VDS . Thus our assumption is true and
Vx = 3 V .
ee
Q. 32
in
An input x (t) = exp (- 2t) u (t) + d (t - 6) is applied to an LTI system with
ng
impulse response h (t) = u (t) . The output is
(A) [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t + 6) (B) [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t - 6)
ye
(C) 0.5 [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t + 6)
(D) 0.5 [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t - 6)
s
Sol. 32
We have
a x (t) = exp (- 2t) m (t) + s (t - 6) and h (t) = u (t)
.E
Taking Laplace Transform we get
X (s) = b 1 + e-6s l and H (s) = 1
s+2 s
Now w Y (s) = H (s) X (s)
w = 1 : 1 + e-6sD = 1 +e
-6s
or
w s s+2
Y (s) = 1 - 1
2s 2 (s + 2)
+e
s (s + 2)
-6s
s
s
Thus y (t) = 0.5 [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t - 6)

Q. 33 For a BJT the common base current gain a = 0.98 and the collector base
junction reverse bias saturation current Ico = 0.6 mA . This BJT is connected in
the common emitter mode and operated in the active region with a base drive
current IB = 204 A . The collector current Ic for this mode of operation is
(A) 0.98 mA (B) 0.99 mA
(C) 1.0 mA (D) 1.01 mA
We have a = 0.98
Now b = a = 4.9
1-a
In active region, for common emitter amplifier,
IC = bIB + (1 + b) ICO ...(1)

Substituting ICO = 0.6 mA and IB = 20 mA in above eq we have,

IC = 1.01 mA
2 (s + 1)
Q. 34 If F (s) = L [f (t)] = 2 then the initial and final values of f (t) are
s + 4s + 7
respectively
(A) 0, 2 (B) 2, 0
(C) 0, 2/7 (D) 2/7, 0
Sol. 34 Correct Option is ( )
et
Q. 35
.n
In the circuit shown below, the current I is equal to
ng
ri
ee
(A) 14 0c A
in (B) 2.0 0c A
(C) 2.8 0c A
ng
From star delta conversion we have
(D) 3.2 0c A
e
Sol. 35
sy
a
.E
w
w
Thus R1 = Ra Rb = 6.6
Ra + Rb + Rc 6 + 6 + 6
= 2W
w
Here R1 = R 2 = R 3 = 2 W
Replacing in circuit we have the circuit shown below :
Now the total impedance of circuit is
(2 + j4) (2 - j4)
Z = +2 = 7W
(2 + j4) (2 - j4)
14 0c
Current I = = 2 0c
7

Q. 36 A numerical solution of the equation f (x) + x - 3 = 0 can be obtained using

Newton- Raphson method. If the starting value is x = 2 for the iteration, the
value of x that is to be used in the next step is
(A) 0.306 (B) 0.739
(C) 1.694 (D) 2.306
Sol. 36 Hence (C) is correct option.
We have f (x) = x + x - 3 = 0
f l (x) = 1 + 1
2 x
Substituting x 0 = 2 we get
et
f l (x 0) = 1.35355 and f (x 0) = 2 + 2 - 3 = 0.414
Newton Raphson Method
.n f (x 0)
ng
x1 = x 0 -
f l (x 0)
ri
Substituting all values we have
x 1 = 2 - 0.414 = 1.694
Q. 37
ee 1.3535
The electric and magnetic fields for a TEM wave of frequency 14 GHz in a
in
homogeneous medium of relative permittivity er and relative permeability
ng
mr = 1 are given by
Ev = E p e j (wt - 280py) utz V/m Hv = 3e j (wt - 280py) utx A/m
ye
Assuming the speed of light in free space to be 3 # 108 m/s , the intrinsic
impedance of free space to be 120p , the relative permittivity er of the medium
as
and the electric field amplitude E p are
(A) er = 3, E p = 120p (B) er = 3, Eb = 360p
.E
(C) er = 9, E p = 360p (D) er = 9, E p = 120p
w
From the expressions of Ev & Hv , we can write,
Sol. 37
b = 280 p
or w 2 p = 280 p & l = 1
w l
v E
Wave impedance, Zw = E = p = 120 p
v 3
140
er
H
again, f = 14 GHz
Now l = C = 3 # 108 = 3
er f er 14 # 109 140 er
or 3 = 1
140 er 140
or er = 9
Ep
Now = 120p = E p = 120p
3 9
Q. 38 A message signal m (t) = cos 200pt + 4 cos pt modulates the carrier
c (t) = cos 2pfc t where fc = 1 MHz to produce an AM signal. For demodulating
the generated AM signal using an envelope detector, the time constant RC of
the detector circuit should satisfy

(A) 0.5 ms < RC < 1 ms (B) 1 μs << RC < 0.5 ms

(C) RC << μs (D) RC >> 0.5 ms
Sol. 38 Highest frequency component in m (t) is fm = 4000p/2p = 2000 Hz
Carrier frequency fC = 1 MHz
For Envelope detector condition
1/fC << RC << 1/fm
1 μs << RC << 0.5 ms
t
e
n
Q. 39 The block diagram of a system with one input it and two outputs y1 and y2 is
given below.
g.
in
er
ne
gi
en
A state space model of the above system in terms of the state vector x and the
sy
output vector y = [y1 y2]T is
(A) xo = [2] x + [1] u ; y = [1 2] x
a 1
(B) xo = [- 2] x + [1] u; y = > H x
.E -2 0 1
2
w
(C) xo = >
0 - 2H
x + > H u ; y = 81 2B x
1
w 2 0 1 1
(D) xo = > H x + > H u ; y = > H x
Sol. 39 w 0 2 1
2
dy
Here x = y1 and xo = 1
dx
y1 x 1
y = > H = > H = > Hx
y2 2x 2
Now y1 = 1 u
s+2
y1 (s + 2) =u
yo1 + 2y1 =u
xo + 2x =u
=- 2x + u
xo
= [- 2] x + [1] u
xo
Drawing SFG as shown below

Thus xo1 = [- 2] x1 + [1] u

y1 = x1 ; y2 = 2x1
y1 1
y = > H = > H x1
y2 2
Here x1 = x
Q. 40 Two systems H1 (Z ) and H2 (Z ) are connected in cascade as shown below. The
overall output y (n) is the same as the input x (n) with a one unit delay. The
transfer function of the second system H2 (Z ) is
et
.n
(A) 1 - 0.6z-1
z (1 - 0.4z-1)
-1
ng (B)
z-1 (1 - 0.6z-1)
(1 - 0.4z-1)
(C)
z-1 (1 - 0.4z-1)
ri (D) 1 - 0.4 z-1
(1 - 0.6z-1)
e z (1 - 0.6z-1)
-1
Sol. 40
ne
y (n) = x (n - 1)
or
gi Y (z) = z-1 X (z)
or
en
Y (z)
X (z)
= H (z) = z-1
Now
syH1 (z) H2 (z) = z-1
a
1 - 0.4z-1
c 1 - 0.6z-1 m H2 (z) = z
-1
.E z-1 (1 - 0.6z-1)
w H2 (z) =
(1 - 0.4z-1)
Q. 41
w
An 8085 assembly language program is given below. Assume that the carry
w
flag is initially unset. The content of the accumulator after the execution of the
program is
(A) 8 CH (B) 64 H
(C) 23 H (D) 15 H
Sol. 41 Initially Carry Flag, C = 0
MVI A, 07 H ; A = 0000 0111
RLC ; Rotate left without carry. A = 0000 1110
MVO B, A ; B = A = 0000 1110
RLC ; A = 0001 1100

RLC ; A = 0011 1000

ADD B ; A = 0011 1000
; + 0000 1110
; 0100 0110
RRC ; Rotate Right with out carry, A = 0010 0011
Thus A = 23 H
Q. 42
et
The first six points of the 8-point DFT of a real valued sequence are
5, 1 - j 3, 0, 3 - j 4, 0 and 3 + j 4..... The last two points of the DFT are
respectively
(A) 0, 1 - j 3 .n (B) 0, 1 + j 3
(C) 1 + j 3, 5
ng (D) 1 - j3, 5
Sol. 42
ri
For 8 point DFT, x* [1] = x [7]; x* [2] = x [6]; x* [3] = x [5] and it is conjugate
ee
symmetric about x [4], x [6] = 0 ; x [7] = 1 + j3
Q. 43
in
For the BJT QL in the circuit shown below, b = 3, VBE on = 0.7 V, V = 0.7 V . The
g
CE sat
switch is initially closed. At time t = 0 , the switch is opened. The time t at
n
which Q1 leaves the active region is
e
sy
a
.E
w
w
w
(A) 10 ms (B) 25 ms
(C) 50 ms (D) 100 ms
Sol. 43 Hence (C) is correct option
In active region VBEon = 0.7 V
Emitter voltage VE = VB - VBEon =- 5.7 V
VE - (- 10) - 5.7 - (- 10)
Emitter Current IE = = = 1 mA
4.3k 4.3k
Now IC . IE = 1 mA
Applying KCL at collector
i1 = 0.5 mA
Since i1 = C dVC
dt
or VC = 1 # i1 dt = i1 t ...(1)
C C

towards negative. et
with time, the capacitor charges and voltage across collector changes from 0
When saturation starts,

.n VCE = 0.7 & VC =+ 5 V (across capacitor)
Thus from (1) we get,

ng + 5 = 0.5 mA T
ri 5 mA
T = 5 # 5 # 10
-6
or
ee 0.5 # 10 -3 = 50 m sec
Q. 44
in
In the circuit shown below, the network N is described by the following Y
matrix: Y = >
g
0.1 S - 0.01 S
0.1 S 0.1 S H
n
. the voltage gain V2 is
V1
ye
as
.E
w
w
(A) 1/90 (B) –1/90
(C) –1/99 (D) –1/11
Sol. 44 w
From given admittance matrix we get
I1 = 0.1V1 - 0.01V2 and ...(1)
I2 = 0.01V1 + 0.1V2 ...(2)
Now, applying KVL in outer loop;

V2 =- 100I2
or I2 =- 0.01V2 ...(3)
From eq (2) and eq (3) we have
- 0.01V2 = 0.01V1 + 0.1V2
- 0.11V2 = 0.01V1
V2 = - 1
V1 11

Q. 45 In the circuit shown below, the initial charge on the capacitor is 2.5 mC, with
the voltage polarity as indicated. The switch is closed at timet = 0 . The current
i ^ t h at a time t after the switch is closed is
et
.n
(A) i (t) = 15 exp (- 2 # 103 t) A (B) i (t) = 5 exp ^- 2 # 103 t h A
ng
(C) i (t) = 10 exp (- 2 # 103 t) A (D) i (t) =- 5 exp (- 2 # 103 t) A
Sol. 45
ri
Here we take the current flow direction as positive.
e
At t = 0- voltage across capacitor is
e Q -3
VC (0-) =- =- 2.5 # 10-6 =- 50 V
n
C 50 # 10
Thus
gi +
VC (0 ) =- 50 V
In steady state capacitor behave as open circuit thus
en V (3) = 100 V
Now,
sy VC (t) = VC (3) + (VC (0+) - VC (3)) e-t/RC

-t
a
= 100 + (- 50 - 100) e 10 # 50 # 10
-6
.E
3
= 100 - 150e- (2 # 10 t)
ic (t) = C dV
Now
w dt
w
3
= 50 # 10-6 # 150 # 2 # 103 e-2 # 10 t A
3
= 15e-2 # 10 t
w ic (t) = 15 exp (- 2 # 103 t) A
Q. 46 The system of equations
x+y+z = 6
x + 4y + 6y = 20
x + 4y + lz = m
has NO solution for values of l and μ given by
(A) l = 6, m = 20 (B) l = 6, m =
Y 20
(C) l =Y 6, m = 20 (D) l =
Y 6, m = 20
Sol. 46 Writing A: B we have
R V
S1 1 1 : 6W
S1 4 6 : 20W
S W
S1 4 l : mW
T X
Apply R 3 " R 3 - R2
R V
S1 1 1 : 6 W
S1 4 6 : 20 W
S W
S0 0 l - 6 : m - 20W
T X

For equation to have solution, rank of A and A: B must be same. Thus for no
solution; l = 6, m ! 20
Hence (B) is correct option
Q. 47 A fair dice is tossed two times. The probability that the second toss results in a
value that is higher than the first toss is
(A) 2/36 (B) 2/6
(C) 5/12 (D) ½
Sol. 47 Total outcome are 36 out of which favorable outcomes are :
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6);
Thus et
(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6) which are 15.
P (E) = No. of favourable outcomes = 15 = 5
.n No. of total outcomes

36 12
ng
ri
Common Data Questions: 48 & 49
ee
The channel resistance of an N-channel JFET shown in the figure below is 600 W
when the full channel thickness (tch ) of 10μm is available for conduction. The
in
built-in voltage of the gate P+ N junction (Vbi ) is - 1 V . When the gate to source
ng
voltage (VGS ) is 0 V, the channel is depleted by 1 μm on each side due to the built
in voltage and hence the thickness available for conduction is only 8 μm
ye
as
.E
w
w
Q. 48
w
The channel resistance when VGS =- 3 V is
(A) 360 W (B) 917 W
(C) 1000 W (D) 3000 W
Sol. 48 Full channel resistance is
r L
r # = 600 W ...(1)
W#a
If VGS is applied, Channel resistance is
r L VGS
where b = a c1 -
Vp m
rl = #
W#b
Pinch off voltage,
qN
Vp = D a2 ...(2)
2e
If depletion on each side is d = 1 μm at VGS = 0 .
qN
Vj = D d2
2e

qND qND
or 1= (1 # 10-6) 2 & = 1012
2e 2e
Now from equation (2), we have
Vp = 1012 # (5 # 10-6) 2
or Vp =- 25 V
At VGS =- 3 V ;
- 3 mm = 3.26 mm
b = 5 b1 -
rL
t
- 25 l
erL a = 600 5
rl = =
.n
W # b Wa # b # 3.26 = 917 W
g
n
Q. 49
(A) 480 W
ri
The channel resistance when VGS = 0 V is
(B) 600 W
(C) 750 W
ee (D) 1000 W
Sol. 49
At VGS = 0 V , in b = 4 mm since 2b = 8 mm
Thus
ng
rl =
rL
Wa # b
a = 600 5 = 750 W
#4
ye
as
Common Data Questions: 50 & 51
.E
The input-output transfer function of a plant H (S ) = 100
s (s + 10) 2
. The plant is
w
placed in a unity negative feedback configuration as shown in the figure below.
w
w
Q. 50 The gain margin of the system under closed loop unity negative feedback is
(A) 0 dB (B) 20 dB
(C) 26 dB (D) 46 dB
We have G (s) H (s) = 100
s (s + 10) 2
Now G (jw) H (jw) = 100
jw (jw + 10) 2
If wp is phase cross over frequency G (jw) H (jw) = 180c
wp
- 180c = 100 tan-1 0 - tan-1 3 - 2 tan-1 a
10 k
Thus
or - 180c =- 90 - 2 tan-1 (0.1wp)

or 45c = tan-1 (0.1wp)
or tan 45c = 0.1wp = 1
or wp = 10 rad/se

Now G (jw) H (jw) = 100

w (w2 + 100)
At w = wp
G (jw) H (jw) = 100 = 1
10 (100 + 100) 20
Gain Margin =- 20 log 10 G (jw) H (jw)
=- 20 log 10 b 1 l
20
= 26 dB
Q. 51 The signal flow graph that DOES NOT model the plant transfer function H (S )
is
et
.n
ng
ri
ee
in
ng
Sol. 51
ye
Hence (D) is correct option
as
From option (D) TF = H (s)
= 100 100
.E
!
s (s2 + 100) s (s + 10) 2
w
Linked Answer Questions: Q.52 to Q.55 Carry Two Marks Each
w
w
Statement for Linked Answer Questions: 52 & 53
Q. 52 The bias current IDC through the diodes is

(A) 1 mA (B) 1.28 mA
(C) 1.5 mA (D) 2 mA
The current flows in the circuit if all the diodes are forward biased. In forward

biased there will be 0.7 V drop across each diode.

12.7 - 4 (0.7)
Thus IDC = = 1 mA
9900
Q. 53 The ac output voltage Vac is

(A) 0.25 cos ^wt h mV (B) 1 cos (wt) mV
(C) 2 cos (wt) mV (D) 22 cos (wt) mV
Sol. 53
et
The forward resistance of each diode is
.n
r = VT = 25 mV = 25 W
IC 1 mA
ng 4 (r)
Thus
ri
Vac = Vi # e
4 (r) + 9900 o
ee = 100 mV cos (wt) 0.01 = 1 cos (wt) mV
in
Statement for Linked Answer Questions: 54 & 55
below.
ng
A four-phase and an eight-phase signal constellation are shown in the figure
ye
as
.E
w
w
Q. 54 w
For the constraint that the minimum distance between pairs of signal points be
d for both constellations, the radii r 1 , and r 2 of the circles are
(A) r 1 = 0.707d, r2 = 2.782d (B) r 1 = 0.707d, r 2 = 1.932d
(C) r 1 = 0.707d, r 2 = 1.545d (D) r 1 = 0.707d, r 2 = 1.307d
Sol. 54 Four phase signal constellation is shown below
Now d2 = r 12 + r 12
d2 = 2r 12
r1 = d/ 2 = 0.707d

q = 2p = 2p = p
M 8 4
Applying Cooine law we have
et
d2 = r 22 + r 22 - 2r 22 cos p
4
.n
= 2r 22 - 2r 22 1/ 2 = (2 - 2 ) r 22
or r2 =
ng d = 1.3065d
ri 2-
2
Q. 55
ee
Assuming high SNR and that all signals are equally probable, the additional
in
average transmitted signal energy required by the 8-PSK signal to achieve the
same error probability as the 4-PSK signal is
(A) 11.90 dB
(C) 6.79 dB
ng (B) 8.73 dB
(D) 5.33 dB
Sol. 55
ye
Here Pe for 4 PSK and 8 PSK is same because Pe depends on d . Since Pe is same,
s
d is same for 4 PSK and 8 PSK.
a
.E
w
w
w
Additional Power SNR
= (SNR) 2 - (SNR) 1
= 10 log b ES2 l - 10 log b ES1 l

No No
= 10 log b ES2 l
ES1
= 10 log a r2 k & 20 log a r2 k = 20 log 1.3065d
2
r1 r1 0.707d
Additional SNR = 5.33 dB

Q. No. 56 – 60 Carry One Mark Each

Q. 56 There are two candidates P and Q in an election. During the campaign, 40%
of the voters promised to vote for P, and rest for Q. However, on the day of
election 15% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for P and instead
voted forQ. 25% of the voters went back on their promise to vote for Q and
instead voted for P. Suppose, P lost by 2 votes, then what was the total number
of voters?
(A) 100
(C) 90
et (B) 110
(D) 95
Sol. 56
.n
Let us assume total voters are 100. Thus 40 voter (i.e. 40 %) promised to vote for
g
P and 60 (rest 60 % ) promised to vote fore Q.
n
ri
Now, 15% changed from P to Q (15 % out of 40)
15
e
Changed voter from P to Q 40 = 6
100 #
Now Voter for P
ne 40 - 6 = 34
i
Also, 25% changed form Q to P (out of 60%)
g
Changed voter from Q to P 25 60 = 15
en
Now Voter for P
100 #
34 + 15 = 49
sy
Thus P P got 49 votes and Q got 51 votes, and P lost by 2 votes, which is
given. Therefore 100 voter is true value.
a
Q. 57
.E
Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete
w
the following sentence:
It was her view that the country’s problems had been_________ by foreign
w
technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counter-productive.
w
(A) Identified
(C) Texacerbated
(B) ascertained
(D) Analysed
Sol. 57 The sentence implies that technocrats are counterproductive (negative). Only (C)
can bring the same meaning.
Hence (C) is correct option
Q. 58 Choose the word from the options given below that is most nearly opposite in
meaning to the given word:
Frequency
(A) periodicity (B) rarity
(C) gradualness (D) persistency
Sol. 58 Periodicity is almost similar to frequency. Gradualness means something happening
with time. Persistency is endurance. Rarity is opposite to frequency.
Q. 59 Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete
the following sentence:
Under ethical guidelines recently adopted by the Indian Medical
Association, human genes are to be manipulated only to correct diseases for
which______________ treatments are unsatisfactory.

(A) Similar (B) Most

(C) Uncommon (D) Available
Sol. 59 Available is appropriate because manipulation of genes will be done when other
treatments are not useful.
Q. 60 The question below consists of a pair of related words followed by four pairs of
words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair:
Gladiator : Arena
(A) dancer : stage (B) commuter: train
Sol. 60
(C) teacher : classroom
et (D) lawyer : courtroom

A gladiator performs in an arena. Commutators use trains. Lawyers performs,
.n
but do not entertain like a gladiator. Similarly, teachers educate. Only dancers
performs on a stage.
ng
ri
e
Q. No. 61 – 65 Carry Two Marks Each
e
Q. 61
in
The fuel consumed by a motorcycle during a journey while traveling at various
g
speeds is indicated in the graph below.
en
sy
a
.E
w
w
w
The distances covered during four laps of the journey are listed in the table below
Lap Distance Average speed (kilometers per
(kilometers) hour)
P 15 15
Q 75 45
R 40 75
S 10 10
From the given data, we can conclude that the fuel consumed per kilometre was
least during the lap
(A) P (B) Q
(C) R (D) S
Sol. 61 Since fuel consumption/litre is asked and not total fuel consumed, only average
speed is relevant. Maximum efficiency comes at 45 km/hr, So least fuel consumer
per litre in lap Q

Q. 62 Three friends, R, S and T shared toffee from a bowl. R took 1/3rd of the
toffees, but returned four to the bowl. S took 1/4th of what was left but
returned three toffees to the bowl. T took half of the remainder but returned
two back into the bowl. If the bowl had 17 toffees left, how many toffees-were
originally there in the bowl?
(A) 38 (B) 31
(C) 48 (D) 41
Sol. 62
Friend
et
Let total no of toffees be x . The following table shows the all calculations.
Bowl Status
R = x -4
.n = 2x + 4
g
3 3
S
in
= 1 :2x + 4D - 3 = 2x + 4 - x + 2
er
4 3
= x +1-3 = x -2
3
= x +6
6
e
6 6 2
T
in
= 1 a x + 6k - 2
2 2
= x +6-x -1
2 4
ng = x +1
4
= x +5
4
Now,
ye x + 5 = 17
s
4
or
a x = 17 - 5 = 12
4
.E x = 12 # 4 = 48
w
w
y
Q. 63 Given that f ^y h = , and q is any non-zero real number, the value
y
of f ^q h - f ^- q h is
(A) 0
(C) 1
w (B) - 1
(D) 2
y
f (y) =
y
-y
Now f (- y) = =- f (y)
y
or f (q) - f (- q) = 2f (q) = 2
Q. 64 The sum of n terms of the series 4 + 44 + 444 + f. is

(A) (4/81) [10n + 1 - 9n - 1] (B) (4/81) [10n - 1 - 9n - 1]
(C) (4/81) [10n + 1 - 9n - 10] (D) (4/81) [10n - 9n - 10]
4 + 44 + 444 + .............. 4 (1 + 11 + 111 + .......)
= 4 (9 + 99 + 999 + ............)
9
= [(9 - 1) + (100 - 1) + ........]
4 10

= 4 [10 (1 + 10 + 102 + 103) - n]

9
n
= 4 :10 # 10 - 1 - nD
9 10 - 1
= 4 610n + 1 - 10 - 9n@
81
Q. 65 The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of
medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built
up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight with
diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way.
et
It can be inferred from the passage that horses were
(A) given immunity to diseases
n
(B) generally quite immune to diseases
.
g
(C) given medicines to fight toxins
n
(D) given diphtheria and tetanus serums
i
Sol. 65
er
Option B fits the sentence, as they built up immunities which helped humans
create serums from their blood.
e
n
gi
en
sy
a
.E
w
w
w

Answer Sheet
1. (C) 13. (A) 25. (A) 37. (D) 49. (C) 61. (B)
2. (C) 14. (C) 26. (A) 38. (B) 50. (C) 62. (C)
3. (D) 15. (B) 27. (A) 39. (B) 51. (D) 63. (D)
4. (B) 16. (A) 28. (A) 40. (B) 52. (A) 64. (C)
5.
6.
(B)
(A)
17.
18.
(A)
(C)
29.
30. et(A)
(D)
41.
42.
(C)
(B)
53.
54.
(B)
(D)
65. (B)
7. (B) 19. (A) 31.

.n (C) 43. (C) 55. (D)
8. (A) 20. (D)
ng
32. (D) 44. (D) 56. (A)
9. (C) 21. (D)
ri
33. (D) 45. (A) 57. (C)
10.
11.
(B)
(A)
22.
23.
(D)
(A)
ee 34.
35.
(*)
(B)
46.
47.
(B)
(C)
58.
59.
(B)
(D)
12. (D) 24. (C)
in 36. (C) 48. (B) 60. (A)
ng
ye
as
.E
w
w
w

Ec 2011

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Ec 2011

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC

Q. No. 1 – 25 Carry One Mark Each

Hence (C) is correct option..

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Q. 7 The output Y in the circuit below is always ‘1’ when

(A) two or more of the inputs P, Q, R are ‘0’

at the input frequency. vi is a small signal input. The gain magnitude vo at 10

(A) maximum (B) minimum

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Therefore gain is maximum at wr = 10 M rad/ sec .

Hence (B) is correct option.

(A) (v p /3) cos (t/RC ) (B) (v p /3) sin (t/RC )

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

For parallel combination of R and C equivalent impedance is

rv = ^utx x + uty y + utz z h

So, ##s 5rv $ nt ds = ### 15 dv = 15V

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

w X (s) 100s2 - 20s + 1

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

(A) F = AND ^P, Q h (B) F = OR ^P, Q h

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Sol. 20 Hence (D) is correct option.

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

(A) 6.4 - j 4.8

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Q. 25 The value of the integral # - 3z + 4 dz where c is the circle z = 1 is given

(A) 0 (B) 1/10

Sol. 25 C R Integrals is # - 3z + 4 dz where C is circle z = 1

Comparing we get A = 30 and B =- 10

Hence (A) is correct option.

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Q. 27 A transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 W is terminated in a load

(C) (19.23 + j 46.15) W (D) (19.23 - j 46.15) W

Power spectral density of output is

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Q. 29 The output of a 3-stage Johnson (twisted ring) counter is fed to a digital-to

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

(A) DA = QB; DB = QA (B) DA = QA; DB = QB

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Since VGS - VT = Vx - 1 < VDS , thus M2 is in saturation.

Thus y (t) = 0.5 [1 - exp (- 2t)] u (t) + u (t - 6)

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net

GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC 2011

Substituting ICO = 0.6 mA and IB = 20 mA in above eq we have,

Now the total impedance of circuit is

Downloaded From : www.EasyEngineering.net