Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
by
Paul.Nieuwenhuysen@vub.ac.be
February 2006
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Introduction
**** 3
Computer networks:
summary
Computer networks:
prerequisites
Data communication:
a definition
• Interpersonal communication
»Telecommunication
—Broadcast
—Telephone
—Data communication
–Remote login
–File transfer
–Hypertext transfer
–Electronic mail
**** 6
Data communication:
which types of ‘data’?
Digital information
01
**** 7
Data communication:
which types of ‘data’?
Data communication:
applications (Part 1)
Data communication:
applications (Part 2)
• Software-downloading
• Electronic mail from a person to one or several persons
• Computer-network based interest groups
• Online talking / chatting (IRC,...)
• Video conferencing (Cu-seeme, ...)
• Selling, shopping, buying,..
• ...
***- 10
Data communication:
problems, difficulties, limitations
!
• Technical complexity
***- 12
10000
2400
1200
0 0 100100100 300 300300
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
**** 13
Data communication:
modems
?? Question ??
How
Howmany
manycharacters
characters(on
(onaverage)
average)
could
couldbe
bereceived
received
when
whentransfer
transferspeeds
speedswere
were
maximum
maximum300 300bits/s,
bits/s,28
28800
800bits/s?
bits/s?
Could
Couldthe
theuser
userread
readthe
theincoming
incomingwords
wordswell?
well?
***- 15
Data communication:
trade offs
Cost
LAN Dial-up/PAD
(short distance) (low speed)
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Local Area Networks
**** 18
• (Terminal)
• Microcomputer with
serial line Network
communications software / server
terminal emulation software
• Microcomputer with
network card and
network software
***- 19
?? Question ??
Which
Whichapplications
applications
do
doyou
youknow
know
of
ofserver
servercomputers
computers
in
inaaLocal
LocalArea
AreaNetwork
Network(=LAN)?
(=LAN)?
***- 20
Applications
of server computers in a LAN
?? Question ??
Do
Doyou
youhave
haveaccess
accessto
toaaLAN
LAN
in
inyour
yourorganisation
organisation//institute
institute//school
school//university?
university?
***- 22
?? Question ??
Do
Doyou
youhave
havepersonal
personaldisk
diskspace
spaceavailable,
available,
through
throughthe
theLAN
LANofofyour
yourinstitute?
institute?
****Examples 23
?? Question ??
Which
Whichbasic
basicnetwork
networksoftware
software
can
canyou
youuse
usein
inyour
yourinstitute?
institute?
***- 25
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Packet switching
***- 26
==Computer
Computer == "Packet
"PacketSwitching
SwitchingExchange"
Exchange"
***- 28
?? Question ??
Which
Whichare
arethe
thebenefits
benefitsoffered
offered
by
bypacket
packetswitching?
switching?
***- 29
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
National Wide Area Networks
**** 32
National
Wide Area Networks
• ...
****Examples 33
• Belgium: BELNET
• Finland: FUNET
• Germany: DFN
• The Netherlands: Surfnet
• United Kingdom: JANET (Joint Academic Network)
• ...
**** 34
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
International computer networks
****Examples 35
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
The Internet data communication network
**** 37
?? Question ??
What
Whatisisthe
theInternet?
Internet?
**** 38
The Internet
data communications network (Part 1)
@
**** 39
The Internet
data communications network (Part 2)
• Is constantly growing.
The Internet:
access from your Local Area Network
Your microcomputer
• For instance:
www.vub.ac.be
@
***- 42
Data communication
layer architecture
User
Application layer
Transport layer
Network layer
Link layer
***- 43
USER
Application programs, using application protocols
such as
smtp, pop, imap, nntp, telnet, ftp, gopher, http...
TCP = host to host transfer control protocol
IP = Internet protocol
different physical nets
***- 44
Client Server
Computer Computer
Client application programs Server application programs
Application protocols Application protocols
TCP TCP
IP IP
different physical nets
***- 45
?? Question ??
Why
Whyarearemost
mostmodels/architectures
models/architectures
for
fordata
datacommunication
communicationnetworks
networks
named
named
“layer
“layermodels/architectures”?
models/architectures”?
***- 46
?? Question ??
Which
Whichadvantages
advantagesareareoffered
offeredby
by
aalayer
layerarchitecture
architecturein
inaacomputer
computersystem?
system?
***- 47
?? Question ??
Give
Givesome
someexamples
examples
of
oflayer
layer==onion
onionskin
skin
architectures/models
architectures/models
in
inthe
thearea
areaofofinformation
informationtechnology.
technology.
**** 48
!! Task - Assignment !!
You
Youcan
canlearn
learnthe
thebasics
basicsof
ofdigital
digitaldata
datacommunication
communication
by
bylooking
lookingatat
the
thevideo
videomovie
movie
“Warriors
“Warriorsofofthe
thenet”
net”
Available
Availablefree
freeof
ofcharge
chargefrom:
from:
http://www.warriorsofthe.net/movie.html
http://www.warriorsofthe.net/movie.html[cited[cited2005]
2005]
**** 50
• Belgium:
»ftp.vub.ac.be
»www.vub.ac.be
• U.S.A.:
»dialog.com
»ftp.cs.widener.edu
**** 52
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
January of each year
***- 53
Method 1: Increasing
Increasing power
power
full-time Internet host
Method 2:
part-time Internet host
(Method 3:
using another Internet host)
***- 55
Internet: TCP/IP in
the basic methods to connect
!! Task - Assignment !!
You
Youcan
canlearn
learnthe
thebasics
basicsof
ofInternet
Internet
online
onlinestarting
startingfrom
from
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course/coursemenu.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/webwise/course/coursemenu.shtml
***- 57
?? Question ??
AAway
wayof
ofdescribing
describingthe
theInternet
Internetisis(select
(select1):
1):
1.1. AAnetwork
networkofofcomputers
computersin inan
anoffice,
office,building
buildingor
orcompany
company
2.2. An
Analternative
alternativeto
tothe
thetelephone
telephonedirectory
directory
3.3. AAnetwork
networkofofnetworks
networksof ofcomputers
computersthat
thatcan
can"talk"
"talk"to
toeach
eachother
other
4.4. An
Aninterconnected
interconnectedmess
messof
ofcomputer
computercables
cables
***- 58
?? Question ??
Who's
Who'sin incharge
chargeof
ofthe
theInternet?
Internet?
1.1. Bill
BillGates
Gates
2.2. No-one
No-one
3.
3. The
TheUS
USsenate
senate
4.
4. The
TheWorld-Wide
World-WideWeb
Web
***- 59
?? Question ??
The
TheInternet
Internetisiscommonly
commonlyreferred
referredto
toas
as(select
(select1):
1):
1.1. The
TheHard
HardDrive
Drive
2.
2. The
TheNet
Net
3.
3. The
TheWaste
Wasteof
ofTime
Time
4.
4. The
TheWeb
Web
**** 60
?? Question ??
What
Whatisisan
anInternet
InternetService
ServiceProvider
Provideror
orISP?
ISP?(select
(select1)
1)
1.1. AAcompany
companythat
thatallows
allowsaccess
accesstototheir
theircustomers
customersemail
emailmessages
messages
2.2. AAcompany
companythat
thatprovides
providesan
aninternet
internetconnection
connectiontotoits
itscustomers
customers
3.3. AAcompany
companythat
thatprovides
providesinternet
internetconnected
connectedcomputers
computers
4.4. AAcompany
companythat
thatmaintains
maintainsthe
thestructure
structureofofthe
theinternet
internet
***- 62
?? Question ??
How
Howareareyou
youconnected
connected
to
tothe
theInternet?
Internet?
What
Whatisisthe
thename
nameofof
your
yourInternet
Internetaccess
accessprovider?
provider?
***- 63
!! Task - Assignment !!
Read
Read
Tyson,
Tyson,Jeff
Jeff
How
HowInternet
Internetinfrastructure
infrastructureworks.
works.[online]
[online]
Available
Availablefrom:
from:
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm/printable
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm/printable
[cited
[cited2005]
2005]
***- 64
?? Question ??
Being
Beingonline
onlinemeans
means(select
(select1):
1):
1.
1. You
Youare
areconnected
connectedto
tothe
theinternet
internet
2.
2. Your
Yourcomputer
computerisisswitched
switchedon
on
3.3. You
Youcan
canread
readyour
youremail
emailwithout
withoutpaying
payingphone
phonecosts
costs
4.4. All
Allyour
yourcomputer
computerfiles
filesare
areorganised
organisedin
inthe
theright
rightorder
order
***- 65
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
Miscellany
***- 66
Dictionaries / glossaries
about networks and Internet
!? Question !?
Which
Whichways
waysof
ofdata
datacommunication
communication
do
doyou
youknow
know
to
toaccess
accessonline
onlineinformation
informationsystems?
systems?
**** 71
TelePAD
LAN
Public data
comm. network
Local
External
Gateway computer system computer
PAD
Intern Extern
***- 72
Computer networks,
data communication and Internet
The future impact
of digital communication networks
***- 73
Future impact of
digital communication networks
Extreme scenarios:
Computer-based communication:
boom scenario
Evolution to ‘computopia’
• International, interpersonal communication increases,
using the international computer communication
networks.
• Information gap (between information rich and
information poor) disappears: access from everywhere
(even from developing countries) to internationally
available information.
• Capitalism and repression disappear.
***- 75
Computer-based communication:
doom scenario