Universal Mobile Telecommunication

System

Telecommunications
MSc in Software Development

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 1

 UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)

• Maximum User Bit Rates

– Rural Outdoor: 144kb/s (goal 384kb/s), up to 500km/h
– Suburban Outdoor: 384kb/s (goal 512kb/s), up to 120km/h
– Indoor/Urban Outdoor: 2Mb/s, max speed 10km/h
• Flexibility
– Negotiation of bearer service attributes
– Parallel bearer services (service mix, multimedia)
– Circuit and packet switched bearers
– Scheduling of bearers
– Link adaptation (quality, traffic, load, radio conditions)
– Range of bit rates
– Variable bit rate real-time capabilities

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 2

 UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)

• Handover
– Seamless handover between cells of one operator
– Efficient handover between UMTS and 2nd generation
• Compatibility with fixed network services
– ATM bearer services
– GSM services
– IP based services
– B/N-ISDN services
• Facilities for quality of service provision
• Private and residential operators
• High spectrum efficiency
• Asymmetric band usage

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 3

 UMTS Requirements (Radio Access)

• Coverage/Capacity
– provide variety of initial coverage/capacity configurations
– Flexible use of various cell types and relations between cells
– Ability to provide cost effective coverage in rural areas
• Viability of mobile terminals
• Reasonable network cost and complexity
• Variety of mobile terminal/station types
• Security
• Compatibility with IMT2000
• Coexistence with other systems

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 4

 Technology Aspects
• Flexible radio interface based on wideband CDMA
technology
• Data rates up to 2Mbps and beyond
• Wide range of teleservices
– voice, voice related
– video, videotelephony
– multimedia
– data, Internet
– broadcast, paging
• Hierarchical Architecture
– Satellite
– Public outdoor (macro, micro cell)
– Public indoor
– Private indoor

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 5

 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access

• 3rd generation radio access system

– FDD mode (W-CDMA)
– TDD mode (TD-CDMA)
– Multicarrier mode (optional)
• Core network based on evolved GSM network

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 6

 UTRA W-CDMA Radio Interface

Channel bandwidth 5MHz (10Mhz, 20Mhz)

Chip rate 3.84Mchip/s
Frame length 10ms
Channelisation spreading variable spreading
Data modulation QPSK(downlink), BPSK (uplink)
Spreading modulation Balanced QPSK (downlink)
Dual-channel QPSK (uplink)
Coherent detection User dedicated time multiplexed pilot
Common pilot in downlink
Channel multiplexing in Control and pilot channel time multiplexed
uplink I and Q multiplexing for data and control
Multirate Variable spreading

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 7

 UTRA W-CDMA Radio Interface

Spreading factors 4 - 256

Power control Open and fast closed loop (1500Hz)
Spreading (downlink) Variable length orthogonal sequences for
channel separation, Gold sequences for cell
and user separation
Spreading (uplink) Variable length orthogonal sequences for
channel separation, Gold sequences 241 for
user separation (diff. Time shifts in I, Q,
cycle 216 10ms radio frames)
Handover Soft handover
Interfrequency handover

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 8

 UTRA Network - Interfaces and Protocols

UTRAN HSS

NodeB MAP

NodeB 3G MSC/
PSTN/ISDN
RNC VLR
NodeB
UE Iur Gs’
NodeB
Uu RNC
NodeB 3G SGSN Gn GGSN Internet

Iu
NodeB Iub

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 9

 UTRA Network Functions
• Overall system access control
– System information broadcasting

• Radio channel ciphering

– Radio channel ciphering
– Radio channel deciphering
• Handover
– Radio environment survey
– Handover decision
– Macro-diversity control
– Handover control, execution, completion
– SRNS relocation
– Inter-system handover

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 10

 UTRA Network Functions

• Radio resource management and control

– Radio bearer connection setup and release
– Reservation and release of physical radio channels
– Allocation and de-allocation of physical radio channels
– Packet data transfer over radio
– RF power control and setting
– Radio channel coding and decoding
– Channel coding control
– Initial (random) access detection and handling

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 11

 Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
C-plane signalling U-plane information

L3

RRC PDCP BMC

RLC L2/RLC
RLC
RLC RLC
Logical
Channels

MAC L2/MAC
Transport
Channels

PHY L1

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 12

 Physical Layer - FDD Mode

• Procedures
– Power control
– Cell search
– Random access
– Idle mode operation
• Optional features
– Adaptive antennas
– Multi-user detection
– Downlink transmit diversity
– Location function support

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 13

 Physical Layer - TDD Mode

• Procedures
– Synchronisation of TDD base stations
– Dynamic channel allocation
– Power control
– Cell search
– Random access
• Optional features
– Joint detection (MUD)
– Adaptive antennas
– Downlink transmit diversity
– Location function support

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 14

 MAC Layer
• MAC services
– Data transfer
– Re-allocation of radio resources and MAC parameters
– Reporting of measurements
– Allocation/deallocation of radio resource
• MAC logical channels
– Control Channels (CCH)
• Synchronisation Control Channel (SCCH)
• Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
• Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
• Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
• Common Control Channel (CCCH)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 15

 MAC Layer

• MAC logical channels (cont.)

– Traffic Channel (TCH)
• Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH)
• MAC functions
– Selection of appropriate transport format
– Priority handling between data flows
– Priority handling between users
– Scheduling of broadcast, paging and notification messages
– Identification of MSs on common transport channels
– Multiplexing/demultiplexing of higher layer PDUs
– Routing of higher layer signalling (TDD mode)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 16

 MAC Layer

• MAC functions (cont.)

– Maintenance of MAC signalling connection (TDD
mode)
– Dynamic transport channel type switching
– Traffic volume monitoring
– Monitoring link quality (TDD mode)
– Support of open loop power control

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 17

 RLC Layer

• RLC services
– L2 connection establishment/release
– Transparent data transfer
– Unacknowledged data transfer
– Acknowledged data transfer
– QoS setting
• RLC functions
– Connection control
– Segmentation and reassembly
– Transfer of user data
– Error correction

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 18

 RLC Layer

• RLC functions (cont.)

– In-sequence delivery of L2 SDUs to higher layers
– Duplicate detection
– Flow control
– Protocol error detection and recovery
– Suspend/resume function
– Quick repeat
– Keep alive
– Ciphering

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 19

 Radio Resource Control
• RRC services
– General control
– Notification
– Dedicated control
• RRC functions
– Broadcast information from core & radio access network
– Establishment, maintenance, and release of RRC connections
between UE and UTRAN
– Establishment, re-configuration, and release of radio access
bearers
– Assignment, re-configuration, and release of radio resources
for RRC connection
– RRC connection mobility functions
– Arbitration of radio resource allocation between cells

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 20

 Radio Resource Control

• Control of requested QoS

• UE measurement reporting and control of
reporting
• Outer loop power control
• Control of ciphering
• Initial cell selection and re-selection in idle mode
• paging/notification
• contention resolution and congestion control

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 21

 FDD Mode Transport Channels

• Dedicated transport channel

– DCH - Dedicated Channel
• Common transport channel
– BCCH - Broadcast Control Channel
– FACH - Forward Access Channel
– PCH - Paging Channel
– RACH - Random Access Channel

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 22

 FDD Mode Frame Structure - Uplink
1 Dedicated Physical Data/Control Channel

DPDCH Data, Ndata bits

DPCCH Pilot, Npilot bits TPC, NTPC bits RI, NRI bits
0.625ms, 10*2k bits (k=0…6)

Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #i Slot #16

Tf = 10ms

Frame #1 Frame #2 Frame #i Frame #72

Tsuper = 720ms

Variable spreading factor SF = 256/2k (k = 0…6)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 23

 FDD Mode Frame Structure - Uplink
2 Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

1.25ms

Access slot #1 Random access burst

Access slot #2 Random access burst

Access slot #i Random access burst

Offset of access slot #i
Access slot #8 Random access burst
Frame boundary

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 24

 FDD Mode Frame Structure - Uplink
Random Access Burst Format
Random access burst

Preamble part Message part

1 ms 0.25 ms 10 ms

Message part of random access burst Data part

I Pilot symbols
Q Rate Information

10 ms

Structure of Random Access burst data part

MS ID Req. Serv. Optional user packet CRC

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 25

 FDD Mode Frame Structure - Downlink

DPCCH DPDCH

Pilot TPC RI Data

0.625ms, 20*2k bits (k=0…6)

Slot #1 Slot #2 Slot #i Slot #16

Tf = 10ms

Frame #1 Frame #2 Frame #i Frame #72

Tsuper = 720ms

Variable spreading factor SF = 256/2k (k = 0…6)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 26

 Downlink Spreading and Modulation
cos(ωt)

I
p(t)
DPDCH/DPCCH S →P cch cscramb
Q
p(t)

sin(ωt)
• cch Channelisation code (OVSF), separates connections
• cscramb Scrambling code (10ms), only one per cell
• p(t) pulse shaping filter

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 27

 Uplink Spreading and Modulation
cos(ωt)
cd
Re{..}
I p(t)
DPDCH
I+jQ
IQ
Q mux
DPCCH
cscramb p(t)
Im{..}
cc
sin(ωt)
• cc, cd Channelisation codes, separates data and control
• cscramb Scrambling code (10ms or 256 chips), separates MSs
• p(t) pulse shaping filter

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 28

 Transport Channel Coding/Multiplexing

Static rate matching Dynamic rate matching

TrCh 1 Channel Rate- Inter-frame

Multiplexing
coding matching interleaving CC TrCh
Rate- Intra-frame
matching interleaving
TrCh M Channel Rate- Inter-frame
coding matching interleaving

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 29

 FDD Mode - Cell Search
One radio frame (10ms)

cp cp cp

csi,1 csi,2 csi,16

One slot (0.625ms)

cp: primary synchronisation code

csi,k: secondary synchronisation code
Frame timing and
Long-
Long-code
Slot timing long-
long-code group
acquired
acquired acquired
Search all codes
Search PSC using Decode SSC
in long-code
match filter sequence
group

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 30

 FDD Mode - Slotted Mode Operation

Measurement period

10 ms

Synchronisation signal on different carrier

One frame 10ms One frame 10ms One frame 10ms

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 31

 TDD Mode Frame Structure
TDD frame 10 ms

BS Tx part MS Tx part
Uplink/downlink
downlink
switch point
Spreading codes

(variable) UL/DL

uplink

Data Midamble Data

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 32

 Packet Data Transmission
Three options for packet data transmission
– Short packets in RACH

Arbitrary time
Random access burst Random access burst
including small packet including small packet

Random Access Channel (RACH)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 33

 Packet Data Transmission

– Packet reservation based transmission on a dedicated channel

Random access Random access

burst burst
Random Access Channel (RACH)

Packet Packet
Dedicated Channel (DCH)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 34

 Packet Data Transmission

– Packet transmission on existing dedicated channel

Capacity Scheduled Unscheduled

request packet packet

Dedicated Channel (DCH)

Link maintenance (pilot and power control)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 35

 Handover

• UTRA Soft handover

– Soft handover between cells
– Softer handover between sectors of same cell
• UTRA to UTRA hard handover
– Inter-frequency handover
– FDD/TDD and TDD/FDD handover
• UTRA to GSM hard handover

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 36

 Inter-operability GSM/UTRA
• Requirement for UTRA NodeBs to inform dual mode MS
of existing GSM frequencies in the area
• Inter-operation between UTRAN and GSM BSS to
maintain current service during inter-system
handover
• GSM network is required to indicate WCDMA
spreading codes for easy cell identification

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 37

 UMTS Core Network

• Circuit-switched core network

– consists of
– 3G MSC
– 3G Gateway MSC
– Media Gateway
• Packet-switched core network
– consists of
– 3G SGSN
– 3G GGSN
– IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (from Rel.5 onwards)

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 38

 IP Multimedia Subsystem
IP Multimedia Networks Legacy mobile
signalling Networks
PSTN
Mb Mb PSTN
BGCF CSCF
PSTN Mm
Mk Mk

Mw
BGCF C, D,
Mj Gc, Gr
Mi
Cx
IMS- HSS
MGCF CSCF
MGW Mg
Mn

Mr Mw
Mb

MRFP MRFC P-CSCF UE

Mp Gm

Mb Mb Mb Go
IM Subsystem

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 39

 Call Session Control Function
• Call Session Control Function (CSCF) is SIP server
providing control signalling functionality for multimedia
services in IP networks
• Proxy-CSCF
– first contact point of the UE with the IMS (always in network
where UE resides)
– forwards SIP messages to S-CSF/I-CSCF
• Serving-CSCF
– always assigned in the home network, acts as registrar making
information available through HSS
– handles session states to support SIP services
• Interrogating-CSCF
– main contact point in network for home or roaming subscriber in
that network
– resolves SIP server addresses for current session

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 40

 Other IMS Network Elements
• Breakout Gateway Control Function (BGCF)
– selects network for PSTN breakout
– once network for breakout is chosen, selects MGCF for inter-working
with PSTN
• Multimedia Resource Function
– divided into Media Resource Function Control (MRFC) – controls
media stream resources provided on the Mb interface
– and Media Resource Function Processor (MRFP) provides resources for
media streams on the Mb interface
• Media Gateway (MGW)
– terminates bearer channels from circuit-switched domain and media
packet streams from the packet-switched domain
• Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF)
– controls MGW and translates signalling messages between different
signalling systems

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 41

 UMTS Protocol Architecture

UE Node B RNC SGSN GGSN

USER PLANE
CONTROL PLANE

System Network Layer

USER PLANE
CONTROL PLANE

Radio Network Layer

USER PLANE
CONTROL PLANE

Transport Network Layer

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 42

 Transport Network Layer Protocols

Radio Interface Terrestrial Interfaces

Uu Iub Iu
RRC/ RRC/ RANAP/ RANAP/
PDCP PDCP Iu FP Iu FP

RLC RLC
Layer 2
MAC MAC

FP FP
Transport Transport
Layer 1 Layers Layers
Transport Transport
WCDMA WCDMA
L1 L1

UE Node B SRNC CN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 43

 Transport Network Layer Protocols at Uu

• Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol

– maps logical channels into appropriate transport channels
• Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol
– provide segmentation/reassembly for Protocol Data Units
– provides error correction functions for both control and user data
• Transport Network Layer
– used by RRC functions in the control plane as radio signalling
bearers
– used by service-specific protocol layers in the user plane such as
the Packet Data Convergence Protocol

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 44

 Transport Network Protocols over Terrestrial
Interfaces

• Use of ATM as Layer 2 protocol on UTRAN terrestrial

interfaces
• Use of Ethernet as Layer 2 on some interfaces in the core
network in particular IMS
• Layer 3 and 4 protocols are IP and TCP

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 45

 Radio Network Layer

Uu Iub Iur Iu

RRC NBAP NBAP RNSAP RNSAP RRC RANAP RANAP

UE Node B DRNC SRNC CN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 46

 System Network Layer

• Lower layer protocol is responsible for

Uu Iu mobility management (here we refer to
Session
GPRS MM as the mobility
SS SMS SM SS SMS SM management responsible for GPRS
users)
GPRS MM MM Context GPRS MM • On top of GPRS MM run the
communication service specific
protocols, session management (SM),
Signalling Connection supplementary services (SS), and short
message service (SMS)
UE RNC SGSN • On top of the UMTS network layer
operate the IP based transport and
application layer protocols

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 47

 UMTS Quality of Service Classes
Traffic class Conversational Streaming Interactive Background

Maximum bit rate (kbps) < 2 048 < 2 048 – overhead

Guaranteed bit rate (kbps) < 2 048

Max. SDU size (octets) ≤1 500 or 1 502

Residual BER 5*10-2, 10-2, 5*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10-6 4*10-3, 10-5, 6*10-8

10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-4, 10- 10-1, 10-2, 7*10-3, 10-3, 10-
SDU error ratio 5 4, 10-3, 10-4, 10-6
10-5

Transfer delay max value (ms) 100 250

• Main criteria for QoS is data transmission delay with other criteria
including bit rate (bandwidth), nature of traffic (symm./asymm.), error rate,
etc.
• Conversational and streaming class are for real-time traffic
• Interactive and background class are used by normal Internet type data
traffic with interactive for WWW browsing and Telnet and background for
e-mail and FTP access

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 48

 Applications
• Conversational Class Applications
– Circuit-switched voice service
• similar to GSM using the 24.008 protocol and AMR speech encoding
– Packet-switched voice service
• uses SIP based session management and SDP based session description
as a Voice over IP service, AMR encoding used for speech encoding
• Streaming Class Applications
– video and audio streaming using buffering mechanisms at the
receiver to compensate for delay variability in bearer service
• Interactive Class Applications
– applications such as web browsing and remote login where the
overall level of service is characterised by the request-response delay
• Background Class Applications
– Any non real-time application such as e-mail, ftp access, etc with
delay insensitivity but error free requirement

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 49

 QoS Requirements

• Conversational/Real-Time Service requirements

– ITU-T G.114 limits for voice service
• 0 – 150ms preferred range (<30ms unnoticeable)
• 150 – 400ms acceptable range
• >400ms unacceptable
– human ear intolerant to jitter but tolerant to some extend to error
with a limit of ca. 3% Frame Erasure Rate
• Interactive Service requirement
– Zero loss (error) requirement
– Delay tolerance – 2 – 4 sec. for web browsing with 0.5 sec target
– E-mail download from local service with similar delay requirement
to web browsing
• Background Service requirement
– 30sec delivery delay for SMS

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 50

 UMTS End-to-End QoS Architecture
U MTS

UE UTRA N SGSN GGSN IP Serv er UE

A pplic ation
Lay er SIP End-to-End Serv ic e SIP SIP

Trans port UDP

UDP UDP
Lay er
IP IP IP

Sy s tem
UMTS Bearer Serv ic e Ex ternal Bearer Serv ic e
Lay er

R adio
Netw ork Radio A c c es s Bearer CN Bearer
Lay er
Lay ers

Trans port R adio Bearer Iu Bearer Bac k bone

Lay er
U TR A Phy s ic al
F D D /TD D

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 51

 RRC Connection Setup Procedure

UE N ode B RNC

1 . R R C C o n n e c t io n R e q u e s t
RRC RRC
{ C C C H ( o n R A C H ) : R R C C o n n e c t io n R e q u e s t }

2 . R R C C o n n e c t io n S e tu p
RRC RRC
{ C C C H (o n F A C H ) : R R C C o n n e c t io n S e t u p }

3 . R R C C o n n e c tio n S e t u p C o m p le t e
RRC RRC
{ D C C H (o n D C H ) : R R C C o n n e c t io n S e t u p C o m p le t e }

UE N o de B RNC

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 52

 PDP Context Activation Procedure
UE N ode B RN C SGSN GGSN

1 . D ir e c t T ra n s fe r : A c tiv a te P D P C o n te x t R e q u e s t
SM SM

2 . R A B A s s ig n m e n t R e q u e s t
RAB
RAN AP RAN AP
3 . R a d io L in k S e tup
RB N BAP N BAP

4 . R e s p o ns e
N BAP N BAP

5 . A L C A P Iu b D a ta T ra n sp o rt B e a re r S e tup

6 . R a d io B e a re r S e tup
RRC RRC
{ D C C H : R a d io B e a re r S e tu p }

7 . R a d io B e a re r S e tup C o m p le te
RRC RRC

8 . R A B A s s ig nm e nt R e s p o ns e
RAN AP RAN AP

9 . C re a te P D P C o n te x t R e q ue s t
G TP G TP

1 0 . R e s p o ns e
GTP G TP

1 1 . D ire c t T r a n s f e r : A c tiv a te P D P C o n te xt
SM SM

UE N ode B RN C SGSN GGSN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 53

 Location Management
LA • VLR divided into Location Areas
RA

Cell
URA

Cell
Cell Cell
URA
Cell
Cell
• Each LA is divided into Routing
Cell
Cell Cell Cell Cell Areas, which are controlled by the
RA
URA
SGSN for paging purposes during
Cell URA Cell
Cell
Cell
Cell
Cell packet transfer
Cell Cell Cell Cell
Cell

• An RA is divided into UTRAN

Routing Areas (URA), which are
tracked by the RNC

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 54

 UTRAN Mobility Management
Cell DCH
Connected Mode • UTRAN mobility management is
Idle
Mode
Cell PCH triggered by the establishment of an
Cell FACH RRC connection
URA PCH
• In CONNECTED mode the UE can
have different states depending on
connection type
– Cell DCH: UE has allocated dedicated
resources, e.g. DPDCH and DPCCH
– Cell FACH: no dedicated resources but
communication through RACH and
FACH
– Cell PCH: UE known by SRNC, UE
reached via PCH
– URA PCH: location known at URA
level and UE is paged via BCH

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 55

 Core Network Mobility Management
MS MM States 3G -SGSN MM States

PM M PM M
DETACHE D DETAC HED

Detach, Detach,
PS Detach PS Attach Reject, PS Detach PS Attach Reject,
PS Attach RAU Reject PS Attach RAU Reject

PS Signalling PS Signalling
PM M -IDLE Connection Release PM M - Connection Release PM M -
CONNECTED PM M -IDLE CONNECTED
SM-ACT IVE or
PS Signalling SM-ACT IVE or SM-ACT IVE or SM-ACT IVE or
INACT IVE PS Signalling
Connection Establish INACT IVE INACT IVE INACT IVE
Connection Establish

Serving RNC
relocation

• PMM-DETACHED: UE not known to the network, attach

required, SM is inactive
• PMM-IDLE: UE attached to GPR core network with UE
having established MM contexts, no RRC connection
established (UE know with RA accuracy)
• PMM-CONNECTED: RRC connection established, SGSN
tracks UE at RA level with RNC tracking at cell level

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 56

 Attach Procedure
UE RNC SG SN HLR

1 . P S A t ta c h R e q
RRC RRC
2 . Init ia l U E M e ss a g e
R AN AP R AN AP

PMM 3 . Id e nt ity R e q u e s t
PM M

PM M 3 . Id e n tit y R e sp o n s e PMM
4 . S e nd A u t h In fo
M AP MAP
4. A ck
M AP MAP

PMM 5 . A u th e n tic a t io n R e q u e s t PM M

5 . A u th e n tic a t io n R e sp o n s e
PM M PM M
6 . C h e c k IM E I
MAP MAP
6. A ck
M AP MAP
7 . S e c u rity M o d e C o m m a n d
RRC R R C /R A N A P RANAP

7 . S e c u rit y M o d e C o m p le t e
RRC R R C /R A N A P RANAP
8 . U p d a te L o c a t io n
M AP MAP

9 . In se rt S u b s c ribe r D a t a
M AP MAP
9 . A ck
MAP MAP
1 0 . U p d a te L o c a tio n A c k
MAP MAP

1 1 . A t ta c h A c c e p t
PMM PM M

1 2 . A tt a c h C o m p le te
PMM PM M

UE RNC SGSN HLR

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 57

 Intra-SGSN SRNC Relocation Procedure
UE N ode B N ode B RNC RNC SG SN
S o u rce T a rg e t S o u rce T a rg et

1 . D ec ision to in itia te S RN S
r eloca tion
2 . Up lin k S ign a llin g
T ra n sfer In d ica tion
R N SA P RN SA P

3. Re loca tion R eq u ire d

RANAP RA N A P
4 . R eloca tion R equ est
RANA P RA N A P
5 . R a d io L in k S etu p Req u est
N BA P NBAP
6. R a dio L in k Setup R esp on se
NBAP NBAP

7 . A L C A P Iub D a ta T ra n sp ort B ea rer S etu p

8 . D ow n lin k a n d u plin k syn ch ron isa tion

NBAP N BA P
9 . R eloca tion R equ est A ck
RANA P RANAP

1 0. R eloca tion C om m a n d
RANAP RA N A P

11 . Reloca tion C om m it
R N SA P R N SA P
1 2 . R eloca tion D ete ct
RAN AP RANAP
1 3 . R a d io L in k F a ilu re In d ica tion
NBAP N BA P

14 . R N T I R ea lloca tion
RRC RRC

15 . R N T I R ea lloca tion C om p lete

R RC RRC
1 6 . R eloca tion C om p lete
RAN AP RANA P

17 . Iu R elea se C om m a n d
RANAP RA N A P

UE N ode B N ode B RNC RNC SG SN

S o u rc e T a rg et S o u rc e T a rg et

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 58

 Inter-SGSN SRNC Relocation Procedure
UE Source Target Old New GGSN
RNC RNC SGSN SGSN

1. Decision to perform
SRNS relocation

2. Relocation Required
RANAP RANAP
3. Forward Relocation Request
GTP GTP

4. Relocation Request
RANAP RANAP

Establishment of Radio Access Bearers

4. Relocation Request Acknowledge

RANAP RANAP
5. Forward Relocation Rsp
GTP GTP
6. Relocation Command
RANAP RANAP
7. Forwarding of data
RNSAP RNSAP
8. Relocation Commit
RNSAP RNSAP
9. Relocation Detect
RANAP RANAP
11. Update PDP Context Request
10. RAN Mobility Information
RRC RRC GTP GTP
10. Confirm 11. Response
RRC RRC GTP
GTP
12. Relocation Complete
RANAP RANAP
12. Forward Relocation Complete
GTP GTP

12. Ack
GTP GTP

13. Iu Release Command

RANAP RANAP
13. Complete
RANAP RANAP

UE Source Target Old New GGSN

RNC RNC SGSN SGSN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 59

 Branch Addition Procedure
UE N od e B RNC

D ecisio n to setu p
n ew R L

N BAP 1 . R ad io Lin k S etu p R eq u est

NBAP

S tart R X
2 . R ad io L in k S e tup R esp o n se
NBAP NBAP

3 . A LC A P Iub B ea rer S etup

4 . D o w n lin k S yn chro nisa tio n

D C H -F P D C H -F P

5 . U p lin k S ynch ro nisatio n

D C H -F P D C H -F P

S tart T X

6 . A ctiv e S e t U p d ate
RRC RRC
{ D C C H : A ctive S et U p d ate}

7 . A ctiv e S e t U p d ate C o m p lete

RRC RRC
{D C C H : A ctive S et U p d a te C o m p lete}

UE Node B RNC

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 60

 Routing Area Update Procedure
MS Node B RNC SGSN

1-3: RRC Connection Establishment

RRC 4: Routeing Area Update Request RRC/RANAP RANAP

5: Security Mode Command

RANAP RANAP

RRC 6: Security Mode Command RRC

7: Security Mode Complete
RRC RRC
8: Sec Mode Compl
RANAP RANAP

9: Routeing Area Update Accept

RRC RRC/RANAP RANAP

10: Routeing Area Update Complete

RRC RRC/RANAP RANAP

11-12: RRC Connection Release

MS Node B RNC SGSN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 61

 Service Request Procedure
UE RNC SGSN HLR GGSN
1. RRC Connection Request

1. RRC Connection Setup

2. Service Request

3. Security Functions

4. Service Accept

4. RAB Assignment Request

5. RB Setup

6. RB Setup Complete
6. RAB Assignment Response

7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification

8. Uplink PDU

UE RNC SGSN HLR GGSN

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 62

 Paging Procedure
UE RNC RNC MSC
NODE B
1. Paging
A) UE is in IDLE mode RANAP RANAP
2. PCCH: Paging Type I
RRC RRC

1. Paging
B) UE is in URA connected mode RANAP
or in Cell_PCH RRC state RANAP
2. Paging Request
RNSAP RNSAP
3. PCCH: Paging Type I
RRC RRC

3. PCCH: Paging Type I

RRC RRC

C) UE is in cell connected mode 1. Paging

with existing DCCH RANAP
RANAP

2. DCCH: Paging Type 2

RRC RRC

UE NODE B RNC RNC MSC

© Dirk Pesch, 2004 63