The Main Significance of Meridian Studies in China

2.1.. Investigations into propagated sensation along meridians

The effects of acupuncture rely on the integrity of the nervous system, thus the study of meridians
focusing on the neural aspect has become commonplace. In the 1950s, Professor Xi-Jun Zhang stated
that action of the meridians is accomplished through neural reflection [22]. From a gross anatomy
perspective, meridian and acupoint regions are always richly innervated. Moreover, the meridian and
peripheral nervous systems are roughly very similar in their path around the body, especially below the
elbow and knee joints where the meridians are almost along the path of the nerve trunks and their main
branches. Descriptions of meridian function in classical Chinese medical records are also closely
related to the nervous system. Therefore, meridian research from the neural perspective may still be
highly fruitful.
Propagated sensations along channels (PSC) is a meridian phenomenon which was investigated in over
100,000 people over 20 provinces in China in 1970s. These studies revealed that approximately 0.3%
of people exhibited PSC. PSC is considered a window for revealing the substance of the meridian.
However, this propagated sensation is a subjective feeling, and must therefore be associated with the
central nervous system, particularly the sensory cortex. This has led some researchers to believe that
PSCs are an expanding excitement occurring within the sensory cortex [23]. However, this viewpoint
may not stand as propagated sensations accompany reactions of the skin, blood vessels and nerves.
Furthermore, PSC can be blocked by mechanically pressing on the meridians [24]. As PSC can be
stopped by outside pressure, it is reasonable to presume that a form of active factor is involved in the
formation of PSC [25]. Myoelectricity along meridians could be one such factor [26]. Another
explanation for propagated sensation caused by acupuncture may be related to the axon reflection of
the peripheral nerves and the migration of histamine between the peripheral nerve terminals due to
nerve-mast cell interaction [27]. Alternatively, the characteristic order of PSC could happen between a
motor neurons, based on the column structure in the spinal cord [28]. How ever, the involvement of
peripheral motive factor in propagated sensation still does not explain this phenomenon in
pseudomelia; therefore, when elucidating the mechanism of propagated sensation, some researchers
place an emphasis on central nervous processes [13,29–30]. The question is whether it is truly
necessary to have a unique mechanism that explains all the phenomena of PSC. Perhaps multiple
substances exist within both the peripheral and the central nervous systems to give rise to the different
aspects of PSC.

2.2.. Comments on the essence of meridians as a circulatory system

Neurology is a significant component in meridian research, and raises important questions in
developing the research. Meridians certainly shares some common components with the nervous
system. Fur thermore, meridians certainly do not possess all nervous system structures and functions,
or vice versa [31]. Thus, the study of meridians from the perspective of neurophysiology is unilateral.
Classic medical books show that meridian and blood vessel naming are closely related, especially in
older texts [32,33]. The original meaning of “Mai” is blood vessels [34]; studying the meridians as a
circulatory system may also be valid [35,36]. From a functional point of view, not only vessels
themselves [37], but also the nerves in the vessel walls [38], and even the rhythm in the microvascular
networks of the meridian system [39] have gradually become areas of interest for researchers.
Moreover, the lymphatic system is also closely related to the meridian system [40,41]. However, some
academics oppose the theory that a relationship exists between meridians and the circulatory system.
They believe that the movement of liquid in the vessels cannot form the propagated sensation, and
hence the circulatory system cannot be equated to meridians [42,43].

2.3.. Investigating the substance of meridians from the aspect of interstitial fluid
flow
Since meridian function is identical to neither the nervous system nor the circulatory system, then why
do meridians transport qi and blood as described in the classic Chinese medicine theory and how is this
accomplished? The most direct way to solving this issue is to observe how radio-labeled material
migrates in meridian lines. One study using this technique showed 14 meridian lines in more than 90%
of cases based on a sample of 1000 participants [44]. The migration routes were neither blood nor
lymph vessel [45]. Only micromolecules can migrate along the meridians, and this migration is
powered by the different pressures generated by blood and lymph circulation [46]. The migration routes
are not only continuous [47], but also consistent with meridian lines [48]. Based on the above
experiments, Professor Wei-Bo Zhang proposed the Low Hydraulic Resistance Channel Theory [49].
He believes that the interstitial substance is heterogeneous, meaning that some parts have high
permeability and low resistance to the flow of interstitial fluid, and thus form a low hydraulic resistance
point [50]. Adjacent low hydraulic resistance points can transfer the hydraulic wave, indicating the
connection among these points, thereby forming a channel [51,52]. By measuring hydraulic resistance,
transmission of the pressure wave and migration of the isotope, low hydraulic resistance channels were
found along meridians which are believed to be the main body of the meridians [53–56]. Zhang also
put forward a neural-fluid transmission model to explain the effect of acupuncture and PSC, based on
the low hydraulic resistance channel (Figure 4[57]).
 1. Download full-size image
Figure 4. Mechanism for the effect of acupuncture along meridians.
Figure taken with permission from Zhang et al [57].
From the perspective of modern microcirculation, there is a minute gap between end capillary vessels
and interstitial fluid cells. The transportation of nutrients, exchange of information, as well as the
removal of metabolic waste not only depend on the diffusion gradient, but also convection of interstitial
fluid. However, the process of interstitial fluid flow still remains unknown. In recent years the concept
of a tissue channel has provided a breakthrough point for solving these problems. It allowed the
movement of interstitial fluid pathway to be shown [58], and illustrated that the function of the
interstitial fluid pathway coincided with the function of meridians [59]. Furthermore, based on the fact
that capillary vessels and collagen fibers at the location of acupoints are arranged in the direction of the
meridians, it has been proposed that the directional flow of interstitial fluid is closely associated with
meridians [60]. Professor Wei-Sheng Yang has performed skin impedance studies for many years and
found that meridian lines have low impedance [61,62]. The cause of this low resistance characteristic
was thought to be due to the relatively high amount of interstitial fluid and the histological nature of the
meridians, which are rich in loose connective tissue [63,64].
As interstitial fluid pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure, and the changes in interstitial hydraulic
pressure have a direct impact on the lymphatic return and efficiency, an objection against the view that
interstitial fluid flow along the meridian line was raised. Researchers Wei-Bo Zhang, Guang-Hong
Ding and Wei-Sheng Yang all have a solid background in physics, yet proposed different opinions on
the same issue. W.B. Zhang put forward the view that meridians are open channels of interstitial fluid,
without giving the direction of flow; Ding emphasized a certain direction for interstitial fluid flow;
Yang emphasized the accumulation of interstitial fluid in the connective tissue, neither considered the
movement of the interstitial fluid or its direction.

2.4.. Studying the substance of meridians from the perspective of connective tissue
In the early times, some studies noted the relationship between meridians and connective tissue,
suggesting that the meridians and connective tissue are similar in many areas [65,66]. While
interpreting the meridian phenomena, many theories such as the quantum theory [67] and the structure
of crystal fluid [68], emphasized the role of connective tissue. According to anatomical studies, the
shape and structure of meridians is closely related to the connective tissue in parts of the lung meridian
[69], gall bladder meridian [70,71], and stomach meridian [72]. In functional studies, the relationship
between the direction of collagen fibers along the meridian and acupoints, and the function of meridian
and acupoints have been particularly emphasized [73]. A number of studies using automatic
computerized markers and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, found an extreme similarity
between the interval connective tissue fascia and the meridian longitudinal position. A model was then
proposed for the study of the fascia of meridians [74–76], as the function of this membrane structure is
to maintain the stability of the interior body, and also is the specific reflection of meridian substance in
the human body.

3.. The Relationship Between Mast Cells and Meridians

As mast cells are widely distributed in connective tissue and are also involved in various rapid
physiological responses, their relationship with the meridians has received attention. Mast cells are
thought to play a key role in acute allergic reactions. They also participate in delayed type
hypersensitivity [77], and fighting against bacterial [78,79] and parasitic infections [80]. Studies
focusing on mast cell function have clearly shown that their role is far beyond what was previously
understood. Mast cells are now considered to be multi-potent and involved in maintaining the stability
of the interior body [81,82].
Ji-Mei Song [83] in 1977 first proposed that mast cells participate in the propagation sensation. This is
followed by a series of studies which showed that the trend in the distribution of mast cells is to follow
the meridian line [84–85]. Moreover, along the low impedance line of the meridians, the number of
mast cells in different layers of skin was significantly higher than the control area [86]. Some
researchers have questioned the role of mast cells in the function of meridians [87], but evidence that
mast cells are involved in the activities and functions of meridians has been found. In many organs
mast cells are located very close to the nerves [88,89], and these nerves often contain substance P,
peptides related to the calcitonin-gene, and other neurotransmitters and neuromodulators [90]. Under
appropriate stimulus, the nerve endings would release peptide-like substances, and mast cells would
express the receptors for these substances [91,92]. The activity of neurons would then lead to activation
of mast cells to release granules or neuromodulators [93]. Substances released by mast cells would in
turn act on nerves, and affect their function [94]. On the meridian line, skin nerves and mast cells can
establish functional links [95–98]. Acupuncture stimulation can act to increase not only the number of
mast cells [99], but also promote mast cell degranulation [100–103]. Acupoint injection with mast cell
granule contents, such as substance P, histamine [104] and neurokinin-A [105] have been reported to
cause a significant increase in afferent nerve discharge, indicating that active substances released by
mast cells participate in the formation of propagated sensation [106].

4.. Detecting Special Chemical Characteristics Along the

Meridians
Since meridian channels have their special path and function, the composition of the material found in
the meridians might be different from their surrounding areas. The effect of acupuncture can be
transferred through the meridian path, suggesting that these paths have a higher excitability, which may
be due to the excitatory threshold determined by trans-membrane ion concentration difference and ion
flow. The transmission of information necessarily has its carrier. Therefore, it seems that investigating
the structure and function of meridians by studying the changes of chemical substances along the
meridians is particularly important.
Among all basic ions, calcium ions are involved in the meridian activities [107,108]. Acupoints are
Ca2+ enriched [109,110]; acupuncture can also further increase Ca2+ concentration in the area of the
acupoint [111], which has given rise to the belief that the effect of acupuncture relates to a surge of
Ca2+[112]. Ion-specific research on meridian lines has not been limited to Ca2+. Other ions, such as
Na+ and K+, are also involved in the functional activities of meridians [113–115]. Based on the above
understanding, it has been suggested that the human body meridian system is the body's bioelectrical
network of ion channels, within which the flowing substances are K+, Na+, Cl−, Ca2+ and other ions.
As a result acupoints, the meridians have low impedance and high electrical conductivity properties
[116]. The organism excitatory threshold is directly related to the accomplishment of energy
metabolism, the higher the excitability, the more vigorous the metabolism should be, which in turn
directly relates to both oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. Therefore, the presence of
carbon dioxide along the meridians would be an important indicator for meridian activity.
Transcutaneous CO2 emission (TCE) refers to the CO2 emitted from skin and produced from the tissue
when the citrate cycle takes place in living cells. TCE along the meridians is higher in healthy people
[117]. Moreover, the relativity of TCE is higher between Yuan-points of the exterior-interior meridian
couples and same name meridian couples [118]. Also the relativity of TCE is higher on the acupoints in
one meridian [119].
Under pathological conditions, there is an imbalance in the TCE between the left and right acupoints
with the same name [120]. Acupuncture can act to increase the TCE [121] and diminish the oxygen
from the meridians [122]. This decrease in oxygen content is definitely not due to reduced blood flow,
but an indication that acupuncture can enhance organic metabolism. Vigorous metabolism in the
organism implies an abundant blood supply, leading to a rise in temperature, causing a stronger infrared
radiation. Research has shown the existence of linear bands of infrared radiation orbits on a healthy
body, and these radiation bands are highly similar to the routes of ancient meridians [123–126]. The
high temperature strips along meridians can be induced by different types of acupuncture [127]. The
strips become more striking when heating the acupoints or meridians [128]. When there is pathology in
internal organs, higher temperature along the meridians may occur [129,130]. Rabbits with
cholecystitis present with a high temperature reaction along the gall bladder meridian [131]. From the
above analysis we can see that in both physiological and pathological conditions, high temperature
response along meridians can occur, suggesting that meridians have infrared or near infrared radiation
characteristics.

5.. Conclusion
Meridian study in China has a long, rich history and is multi-directional. Obtaining a unique
understanding of meridians in a short time is difficult. Research is continuing to determine the correct
answer to the age old question, “What is the meridian?”.
The activation of mast cells is often related to the itch sensation, and this activation can be either
histaminergic or nonhistaminergic (see Figure 2). A histamine-dependent itch (or pruritus) is a common
itch sensation [7]. It is characterized by the triad effects of histamine in the skin, including flare, wheal,
and itch. In the skin, histamine is synthesized in the Golgi apparatus of basophils and mast cells and is
stored in granules inside of these cells. Mast cells in the skin can be activated by IgE,
neurotransmitters, endocrines, or mechanical forces [8] and expel the granules, releasing histamine into
the local environment [9]. Histamine-independent itch was first reported in 1953; papain and cowhage
spicules were shown to induce the itch sensation [10]. The papain and cowhage spicules both activate
polymodal C-fibers, which are in charge of pain sensation under mechanical and thermal stimuli as
well [11]. The receptor target in this case is likely to be proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) [12],
which can be activated by mast cell tryptase released from mast cells in both rat and human skin [13,
14].
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One unique characteristic of acupuncture remains: although there are about 360 acupoints in the human
body, in practice, there is a preference for sites away from the target site. In traditional Chinese
medicine, this preference is explained by the concept of balance. However, to date, not many efforts
have been made in scientific acupuncture research on this topic. According to our findings, we believe,
at least in the case of acupuncture analgesia, that this kind of preference might be caused by histamine-
dependent initiation in the acupoint. As shown in Figure 2, in a pathological condition, at the painful
site, both kinds of itch sensation will be suppressed by the activation of pain (blue line) on the spinal
level. In this case, the histamine released from mast cells cannot generate activation in the central
nervous system. Figure 2(b) shows that in the case of acupuncture, mast cells are activated by
mechanical force through the manipulation of needles. The histamine release activates the histamine-
dependent fiber through H1 receptor, and since the acupoint is away from the pain site, it is not
interrupted by pain sensation and activates the histamine-related center in brain, which might be
responsible for acupuncture analgesia

What Are The Six Evils ?

The six climatic evils are:
※ Wind ※ Cold ※ Summer ※ Heat ※ Dampness ※ Dryness ※ Fire
They have the following pathogenic features:
The pathogenic features of the six TCM evils.

 They are related to the seasons or working environment

For example, generally there are wind diseases in spring, summer-heat diseases in summer,
damp diseases in late summer and early autumn, dry diseases in autumn, and cold diseases in
winter. In addition, people who live for a long time in a damp environment tend to be easily
attacked by the damp evil, and those who work long in an environment of high temperature tend
to be easily attacked by the dry-heat evil or fire evil.
 All evils can work alone or in combination of two more in attacking the body
Such syndromes like the common cold of wind-cold type, damp-heat diarrhoea, and wind-cold-
damp blockage are examples of medical problems caused by a combination of evils.
 In the course of causing disease, any one of the six evils can influence the others and can also
transform into another kind of evil under certain conditions.
 For example, the cold evil that enters the body’s interior can be transformed into the heat evil,
and the long-persisting summer-heat with dampness can be transformed into dryness evil.
 The six climatic evils enter the body and cause disease mostly through the spaces located
between skin and muscle, or the openings like nose and mouth. For this reason they are also
termed the “six exogenous or outside evils”.

Evil Element Season

Wind Wood Spring
Cold Water Winter
Summer-heat Fire Summer
Dampness Earth Late Summer
Dryness Metal Autumn

Special Conditions
The Six Evils do not affect every person in the same way. Indeed, exceptionally healthy persons are not
adversely affected by any of them. An “evil-excess” will attack the body only when and where it is
weak and only when the protective-qi is deficient somewhere along the surface of the body. One of the
purposes of preventive medicine is to keep the body resistant to such outside attacks.
Diseases of the six evils are most likely to occur under abnormal weather conditions, when the body is
prepared for the dominant season and suddenly faces an opposite force. Sudden cold spells in mid-
summer, for example often causes epidemics of influenza. Similarly, people who travel or move from a
cold, dry place to a warm, damp climate are more vulnerable to invasion by local meteorological
excesses than natives of the region.
Plague was a major problem during ancient time; therefore TCM learnt about epidemic diseases earlier
and pestilential evils are blamed for it. The pestilential evil is a kind of pathogenic factor with intense
infectivity. Attacks of pestilential evils are usually related to unusual climates such as droughts, floods,
extreme heat as well as pollution. Epidemics occur suddenly with severe symptoms and are highly
contagious.
Through the misty haze of time, as the great pyramids of Giza were slowly being built, as the drama of
the New Testament was unfolding, as western civilization plunged into and out of the thousand year
sleep known as the Dark Ages, while the new world was being established, even as modern medical
science began to appear and assume its current form—the profoundly powerful health care system of
traditional Chinese herbalism has been quietly evolving in an unbroken chain. The Three Treasures
System of Traditional Chinese Superior Herbalism is the culmination of 5,000 years of continuous
testing, refinement and improvement. It is a complete, safe and natural approach to attaining vitality
and longevity that has been relied upon by billions of people for hundreds of generations.
The system of Superior Herbalism (also known as Tonic Herbalism) is attributed to Shen Nung and was
first documented in 1,500 B.C. This first pharmacopoeia set the foundation for the longest unbroken
chain of experimentation and discovery in the world today. It culminates in the powerful health care
system known as Superior Herbalism.
According to this system there are three basic energies that are the foundation of health and human
potential called the Three Treasures. They are known as “Treasures” because they are the very basis of
life. These Three Treasures and their associated functions are:
Jing – The First Treasure
( ※ Deep Energy ※ Reserves ※ Longevity ※ Genetic Inheritance ※ Glandular Function)
Jing is generally known as regenerative energy or essence of life. It is the fundamental energy created
when an individual is conceived; it is the substance of our genetic potential which determines our
longevity. Jing energy governs regeneration, longevity, youthfulness, sexual energy, mental stamina,
fertility, courage, will-power, and deep long-term vitality. Jing energy also affects glandular
functioning. A deficiency of Jing energy can result in premature aging and degenerative conditions.
We are each born with a certain amount of Jing which is used up by the process of living. It is depleted
by environmental toxins, excessive behaviors, stress, substance abuse, poor diet, poor sleep habits, and
overwork. This gradual loss of Jing affects our longevity as well as our quality of life. To push oneself
past natural fatigue into exhaustion is said to deplete Jing energy.
We can nourish and preserve our Jing by choosing a healthy life-style and by eating certain Chinese
Superior Jing herbs.
Superior Jing herbs are divided into two categories: Yin Jing and Yang Jing. The secret to achieving
Radiant Health is to restore and maintain the correct balance of Yin and Yang.

 Yin Tonic Herbs provide the ‘deep substance of life’ and nourish the fluids of the body. Yin is
defined as the accumulation and storage of energy which considered to be the body’s
fundamental reserves, especially that stored in the Kidney. In Chinese herbalism the ‘Kidney’
actually encompasses the structures and functions of the reproductive system, the brain, the
adrenal glands (especially the hormone-producing cortex), the ears, the hair on the head, the
skeleton, the teeth and the bone marrow. Yin herbs nurture these organs and functions. Yin
tonics are usually associated with the preservation of life and many of them are the most
important ‘anti-aging, longevity herbs’.

 Yang Tonic Herbs are the power herbs of Chinese herbalism. Like Yin herbs they affect
primarily the kidney functions. ‘Yang’ is the utilization of the ‘Yin’, the stored energy.
Generally yang tonics have ‘warm’ or ‘hot’ nature. They are associated with mental creativity
and some are famous as sexual tonics (aphrodisiacs). Yang herbs also stimulate metabolism,
build muscle and reduce the levels of fat in the system. They strengthen bone and skeleton, and
are especially renowned for helping to strengthen the back (especially the lower back), knees
and joints.
Qi – The Second Treasure
(※ Daily Energy ※ Adaptability ※ Metabolism ※ Immune Function)
Qi is the energy that we use on a daily basis. It is our body’s ability to make energy daily from the food
we eat and the air we breathe. It is the source of our day-to-day vitality. Qi affects the immune system,
the metabolic processes, the utilization of nutrients, and healthy glandular function.
Superior Qi herbs that build and support our daily energy are divided into two categories: Qi(Energy)
and blood.

 Qi Tonic Herbs (also known as Energy tonics) increase physiological energy production. They
are never stimulants. Instead, they help the body to function optimally, resulting in a natural
progressive increase in vitality. Qi herbs enhance the absorption of nutrients in the
gastrointestinal system to yield energy and blood. They influence the ‘spleen’ and also nurture
the ‘lungs’ in the body’s energy system. Thus the Qi circulate throughout the body via the
‘meridian’ system, providing the organs and tissues with the vitality required to live and
function.

 Blood Tonic Herbs nourish the blood and help the body to utilize nutrients so as to function
optimally. Blood nourishes all the tissues of the body and provides the key means of distribution
of nutrients, hormone, and immune cells throughout the body. Blood tonics help build muscle
and increase energy. Blood tonics are generally believed to benefit the quality and beauty of the
skin. In Chinese herbalism men are governed by Qi and women are governed by Blood.
Shen – The Third Treasure
( ※ Radiance of Spirit ※ Wisdom ※ Consciousness ※ Feelings of Well-being)
Shen is the energy of consciousness and awareness. It is often translated as “spirit.” It is our personal
radiance: the harmony of mind, body, and spirit. A person with strong Shen is one who is calm and at
peace, aware, clear, centered, able to communicate with others, and profoundly happy.
Certain Chinese Superior herbs have been found through the centuries to cultivate this Shen energy and
unveil our positive radiance. Superior Shen herbs generally have a calming quality.

 Shen Tonic Herbs (also known as Spirits tonics) provide us with feelings of peace, calm, and
serenity. If we are experiencing certain conditions such as depression, anxiety, stress or fear,
these are referred to as Shen disturbances. Shen tonic herbs are these can help to dissipate the
energy of any Shen disturbance and can act as stabilizing agents that calm and ground during
times of stress.
Better Understanding Three Treasures – The Candle Analogy

 Jing – Jing is represented by the wax and the wick of the candle. The quality of the wax
and the reserve of wax available for burning determines the life of the candle. Your Jing, which
is determined by your genetic inheritance and your deep energy reserves, determines your
longevity. It takes a long time to deplete Jing and it is extremely hard to replenish.
 Chi – Chi is represented by the flame of the candle. It can sputter and smoke or it can
 burn brightly and evenly. Your Chi is your vitality or daily energy. It provides the source
of light; however, it eventually consumes the candle. When your Chi is used efficiently, your
Jing lasts longer! Chi is easily depleted through daily activity and when a person is healthy it is
easily replenished with sleep, nourishment, and breathing.
 Shen – Shen is represented by the light that radiates from the burning candle. The purpose
of the candle is to light the darkness. Your Shen is the radiance of your spirit. When Jing and
Chi are in abundance, Shen is released.
Jing, Chi, & Shen Work In Harmony
Jing, Chi, and Shen work in harmony with each other. There must be an abundance of Jing and Chi for
Shen to be strong. If Jing and Chi are weak, Shen will be weak also. Likewise, Jing and Chi support
each other to create Radiant Health. If any one of these treasures are weak, there will be illness; and if
one disappears completely, life will cease to exist.
There is a saying in Chinese herbalism “it is okay to become fatigued…but we should never become
exhausted.” Fatigue depletes Chi which can easily be restored. Exhaustion depletes Jing which is very
difficult to replenish. The Three Treasuresprogram is designed to balance our bodies so we can have a
long life, enjoy good physical energy, and have a positive outlook on life.
Three Treasures System For Holistic Health
The tradition of cultivating the Three Treasures is one of the oldest holistic health philosophies in the
world. If we are healthy in mind and body, strong in will, and have natural energy, we can fulfill our
highest imaginations. Natural energy is procured through maintaining a vital balance and building
energy reserves so that we never become completely exhausted, depleted, weak and unprotected. It was
believed by these ancient holistic wise men that if we are able to maintain balanced, natural energy
through cultivating the Three Treasures … we can live a long, fulfilled life.

Ancient Chinese people were greatly interested in the relationships and patterns that occurred in nature.
Instead of studying isolated things, they viewed the world as a harmonious and holistic entity. In their
eyes, no single being or form could exist unless it was seen in relation to its surrounding environment.
By simplifying these relationships, they tried to explain complicated phenomena in the universe.
What is the Yin Yang Theory?

Modern symbol of Yin Yang

Yin yang theory is a kind of logic, which views things in relation to its whole. The theory is based on
two basic components: yin and yang, which are neither materials nor energy. They combine in a
complementary manner and form a method for explaining relationships between objects. Gradually,
this logic was developed into a system of thought that was applied to other areas. Traditional Chinese
Medicine (TCM) is an example of one area where the yin yang theory is used to understand
complicated relationships in the body.
The Origin of the Yin Yang Theory

Early Daoism representation of Yin Yang

The original concept of yin and yang came from the observation of nature and the environment. “Yin”
originally referred to the shady side of a slope while “yang” referred to the sunny side. Later, this
thinking was used in understanding other things, which occurred in pairs and had complementary and
opposing characteristics in nature. Some examples include: sky and earth, day and night, water and fire,
active and passive, male and female and so on. Working with these ideas, ancient people recognized
nearly all things could have yin and yang properties. Yin and yang can describe two relative aspects of
the same phenomena such as the example of the slope, or they can describe two different objects like
sky and earth.

Usually, yang is associated with functional aspect of an object and has more energetic qualities, for
example, moving, ascending, expanding, heat, bright, progressing, active and hyper-functioning states.
Yin, on the other hand, is associated with the physical form of an object and has less energetic qualities
such as stillness, descending, contracting, cold, dark, degenerating, latent and under-functioning states.
Frame of References Yang Yin
Light Bright Dark
Temperature Hot Cold
Position Upper Lower
Action Movement Rest
Direction Outward Inward
Physiological functions Excitatory Inhibitory

HISTORIA CLÍNICA Nº 12 - ESCLEROSIS LATERAL

AMIOTRÓFICA (ELA) parte 2
5ª Deficiencia de Yin y sangre de H. (Gan Yin Xue Xu).
Conjuntamente con la deficiencia de Yin de R. y si existe flema, la deficiencia de Yinde H. origina la deficiencia de la sangre de
H. que no puede nutrir a tendones y músculos con la atonía correspondiente.
 Para la MTCH., la sangre es depurada por el Yin de H. (raíz Yin) y transportada por el Yangde H. (raíz Yang). El déficit conjunto o
síndrome de hundimiento, afecta negativamente al trofismo y circulación de la misma, sobre todo a nivel tendinomuscular.

6ª Plenitud Calor de MC. (Xin Bao Re Shi).

El MC., es el encargado, junto con el C., de nutrir al cerebro (mar de las médulas o Nao). El MC., proporciona la energía que el C.
utiliza para calentar la sangre, energecitar el cerebro y la dinámica cardiaca (energía Tong). Son los únicos que tiene acceso “al palacio de
la mente o alojamiento del Thân donde reside el alma humana”.

Alma significa ánima, ánima significa animado, animado significa vida y vida en el ser humano es la inteligencia, la palabra y la
conciencia de existencia, los vietnamitas a esa capacidad vital le denominaban el Thâno el Shen del corazón.

Siempre que hay una contienda emocional intensa y persistente se origina calor a nivel de los denominados fuegos Imperial (C.) y
Ministerial (MC.).

El calor tiene capacidad de ascenso y puede elevarse hasta el cerebro provocando lisis (fuego) en estructuras neuronales. Si ese calor
ascendente se acompaña con flema (toxicidad) puede provocar la demencia psicopática, aptitudes violentas, acrolalia, Alzhéimer, etc.

Si el calor se expande mediante la sangre del H., con el que el MC., forma plano energético ( Jue Yin), se puede producir la lisis
neuronal a lo largo de la médula espinal a partir de los propios bulbos raquídeos y las correspondientes metámeras.

7ª Insuficiencia Qi de BP. (Pi Qi Xu).

Si a la deficiencia primaria de R. Yin, de la sangre de H. y del calor de Jue Yin, se une la humedad patógena producida por la flema
(dieta excesiva, no natural o transgénica, adulterada con productos químicos de síntesis, refinada y por lo tanto carente de nutrientes
esenciales, etc.), se afectará, en primer lugar, el sistema BP., con depósitos y atoramientos en los canalículos más pequeños como son las
propias rutas oxidativas del páncreas originando el trastorno metabólico correspondiente (prediabetes) con disminución en la producción
de “Qi nutritivo”.

8ª Insuficiencia general de Xue (Xue Xu).

La sangre la forma los tres órganos Zu (BP., H. y R.) y es impulsada por los tres órganos Tsou(P., MC. y C.). La deficiencia
conjunta de los tres Zu origina síndrome de Xue Xu. En este estadio ya se compromete todo el trofismo tisular y la isotérmica,
apareciendo un mayor grado de fatiga, astenia y la sensación de frío

9ª Insuficiencia de Riñón Yang (Mingmen Xu).

El consecuente déficit del Jing adquirido agota “la batería” por falta de aportes del “cielo posterior”. Se agota el Jing Innato
(energía Zhong) que como energía de reserva, ha ido paliando la falta de aportes adquiridos hasta su agotamiento. En Biología no existen
deudas, o pagas o te quedas. Por ello las expectativas de vida estarán en función, entre otros factores, de la vitalidad intrínseca heredadas
de los padres y que han sido los que te dieron la herencia en forma de “tarjeta de crédito biológica”. Por ello en el Taoismo la procreación
es preparada y premeditada y no solo una relación sexual.

10ª Insuficiencia del Yang de la Vejiga (Pangguang Yang Xu).

La deficiencia sostenida en el tiempo tanto del R.-Yincomo del R.-Yang conlleva un vacío del Yang de V. ya que la función
primordial de la víscera es asistir al órgano. Ello conlleva una disminución de la capacidad difusora de los líquidos orgánicos. Hay que
tener en cuenta que el R.-Yin es el responsable de la formación de los líquidosorgánicos y la V. de distribuirlos. Es por ello que la
estimulación del punto de tonificación de la V.: 67 V. (Zhiyin) se utilice en la malposición fetal por su acción sobre los movimientos de los
humores, entre ellos los amnióticos.

El meridiano de V. conjuntamente con el DM., hidratan y energecitan respectivamente el raquis. (Ver anatomía energética de la
espalda).

Si tenemos en cuenta que el bulbo raquídeo está situado en el espacio entre el DM., y la Rama Paravertebral Interna de la V, y que
la motoneurona es eferente a partir del bulbo hacia el SN. Periférico, es evidente que un disminución en la nutrición (V.) y estimulación
(DM) a nivel de la intersinapsis de la placa motora inhibirá la producción de neurotransmisores a la membrana postsináptica y con ello la
actividad energofisiológica (electrofisiológica para los neurólogos) y colinérgica.

Por ello consideramos muy importante mejorar los aportes tanto de líquidos orgánicos como de energía a la zona dorsal en donde
tenemos la valiosa ayuda de los puntos Huatuojiaji, puntos dorsales de Huato (86 PC. o EXB2), situados debajo de las apófisis espinosas
de las vértebras dorsales y lumbares

11ª Bloqueo de Du Mai.

Una hipótesis que pudiese diferenciar este cuadro de otros de tipo neurodegenerativo podría ser la existencia de algún
traumatismo o alteración congénita capaz de bloquear el libre fluir de la energía a través de este vaso regulador que energecita todo el
raquis y que en ella está confirmada por las lesiones raquídeas.

4º –TRATAMIENTO (ZHI LIAO FA)

En base al sucinto esquema fisiopatológico descrito se puede proponer un esquema terapéutico

fundamentado en:

Puntos Maestros.
1.- Abrir Du Mai en sesiones impares y cerrar con Yang Qiao y viceversa con el fin de mejorar la
circulación energética en el raquis.
3 ID. (Houxi) y 62 V. (Shenmai)
2º.- AbrirT´Chong Mai y cerrar con Yin Wei y viceversa con el fin de activar la función renal y
tratar el factor Shenen sesiones pares.
4 BP. (Gongsun) y 6 MC. (Neiguan)
3º Se puede considerar la posibilidad de utilizar la cupla 7 P. (Liequé) con 6 R. (Zaohai) al ser
una enfermedad pluriorgánica y calor.
Existe por tanto la posibilidad de, si se hacen 3 sesiones semanales, alternar las tres posibilidades
durante esa semana y observar la evolución del paciente.

Tonificar R. Yin. Como factor primario o esencial.

3 R. (Taixi), 7 R. (Fuliu), 10 R. (Yingu), 25 VB. (Jingmen), 4 RM. (Guanyuan) y 46 PC. izq. (Qimen),
con especial interés en 10 R. (Yingu) como punto trasmisor o resonante

Tonificar el Yin de H. Tratando de reducir el escape de Yang, mejorar el Yin y

consecuentemente el Xue.
8 H. (Ququan). Punto agua ligado al 10 R. (Yingu).

Refrigeración y purificación del calor para tratar tanto el calor interno del
Jueyin como el posible calor externo delYangming.
3 R. (Taixi), 4 RM. (Guanyuan), 6 BP. (Sanyinjiao), 11 IG. (Hegu) y 14 DM. Dazhu).

Regular el Centro y el Yangming.

Para recuperar la funcionabilidad del TR. Medio, origen del Qi nutricio.: 36 E. (Zusanli), 4 IG.
(Hegu) y 12 RM. (Zhongwan).

Metabolizar las flemas.

Utilizando la técnica Luo-Yuan de E. a BP, con el fin de mejorar la función esplenopancreática
con la ayuda del E.: 40 E. (Fenglong) y 3 BP. (Taibai).

Puntos Roé de médulas, huesos y músculos.

16 IG. (Jugu), 39 VB. (Xuanzhong), 11 V. (Dazhu) y 34 VB. (Yanglingquan).

Tratar el segmento raquídeo del DM.

1 DM. (Changqiang), 16 DM. (Fengfu), 20 DM. (Baihui) y 26 DM. (Renzhong).
Estimular los Shu del dorso con masaje, rodillo dentado, ventosas, etc. con especial interés en 20
V. (Pishu) y 21 V. (Weishu), Shu del dorso de BP., y E.
Estimular los puntos extra. 85 PC. (Huatuojiaji) situados debajo de las apófisis trasversas dorsolumbares.

Tonificar sangre y energía

6 BP. (Sanyinjiao), 4 RM. (Guanyuan), 4 DM. (Migmen) y 6 RM. (Qihai).

Tratar el Shen
 17 RM. (Shangzong), 3PC. (Yintang).

Tonificar la V.
67 V. (Zhiyin).

FORMULACIÓN ABREVIADA:
PUNTO EMPERADOR: Primera dimensión Alto-Bajo.

A elegir entre las tres parejas descritas como puntos de apertura y de cierre

PUNTOS MINISTROS:

1º MINISTRO: Segunda dimensión Anverso Reverso.

4 RM. (Guanyuan), 6 RM. (Qihai), 12 RM. (Zhongwan) y 17 RM. (Shangzhong) en la zona

ventral y los puntos del DM., y Hua to descritos en la zona dorsal.

2º MINISTRO: Tercera dimensión Izquierda-Derecha.

Con especial interés en los puntos 10 R. (Yingu), 8 H. (Ququan), 6 BP. (Sanyinjiao) y 36 E.

(Zusanli).

PUNTOS AYUDANTES:

A considerar, según lo descrito, sobre todo en la refrigeración y purificación del calor, los puntos
Roe y regulación del centro y Yang Ming.

TRATAMIENTOS COMPLEMENTARIOS
(BU CHONG FA)
CRONOACUPUNTURA: Dada la gravedad de esta enfermedad podemos proponer el
tratamiento a través del método “El Bolson”, efectuando los cálculos para citar a la paciente en el día y
horario más propicio para la utilización de los puntos maestro o sistema de los ocho vasos
maravillosos, cardinales y reguladores de Yang Chi Chou.
Punto cuaternario: influjo ancestral lejano. El año de nacimiento, por ejemplo el año 1968, se
corresponde con la combinación del Tronco 5 (Wu) con la Rama IX (Shen) y por lo tanto con el Palacio
5 (Centro o universal) que no tiene punto maestro al corresponder al Centro

Punto ternario: Influjo ancestral inmediato. Según el 1ª de enero de 1968, se corresponde con la
combinación del Tronco 7 (Gang) y la Rama VII (Wu) que al igual que el anterior no tiene punto
maestro al corresponder al trigrama 5 (Centro o universal)

Punto secundario: Influjos cosmo-telúricos durante el mes de tratamiento. Se corresponde con

el día primero del mes en que recibirá el tratamiento. Suponiendo que se someta a tratamiento en el
mes de diciembre del año 2016, los cálculos me llevan a determinar el Tronco 1 (Jia) y la Rama V
(Chen) y como consecuencia nos indica el palacio 6 (Tian) que se corresponde con el punto Maestro 62
V. (Shenmai).

Punto primario: Influjo del día de tratamiento. Jia-Chen se corresponden con el ciclo
sexagenario con el nª 41. A partir de él se suman los días en que se efectuará el tratamiento. Por
ejemplo si el paciente acude a consulta el día 7 de diciembre el ciclo será el 47 (41+6, ya que el 41 es el
día 1º) que se corresponde con el Tronco Geng (7) y la Rama XI (11). Ello nos lleva al Palacio 9 que se
corresponde con el Punto Maestro 7 P. (Lieque).

En síntesis:

Cuaternario: 0.

Ternario: 0.

Secundario: 62V. (Shenmai).

Primario: 7 P. (Lieque).

Punto Maestro según el biorritmo de 2 horas:

El día 7 de diciembre del año 2016 para esta paciente nacida en el año 1968, están abiertos los
siguientes Vasos Reguladores:
41 VB. (Zulinqi)– de 3-5 de la mañana horario solar*.

3 ID, (Houxi) –de 5-7 de la mañana horario solar.

6 R. (Zhaohai) – de 7-9 de la mañana horario solar.

5 TR. (Waiguan) - de 9-11 de la mañana horario solar.

3 ID. (Houxi) - de 11-13 de la mañana horario solar

6 R. (Zhaohai) - de 13 a-15 de la mañana horario solar

6 MC. (Neiguan) - de 15 a 17 de la mañana horario solar

4 BP. (Gongsun)- de 17-19 de la mañana horario solar

De todos esos puntos el más apropiado sería el 6 R. (Zhaohai) por que repite dos veces y forma cupla
con el Primario o dominante del día de tratamiento y que se debería de ponerse de cierre. Se punturará
como punto de partida de 6-8 h. o bien de 10-12 h. horas después de amanecer

TRATAMIENTO SEGÚN SAN DA XING (Las tres grandes dimensiones).

Este punto sería EL EMPERADOR o Llave, Cardinal, Apertura, etc., que junto con el de cierre (7 P.),
conformarían la primera dimensión (alto-bajo).

Como PRIMER MINISTRO se utilizaría la técnica Shu-Mudel órgano genésico con: el 23 V.

(Shenshu) y el 25 VB. (Jingmen) que conformarían la segunda dimensión (anverso-reverso)

Como SEGUNDO MINISTRO se utilizaría la técnica Mu-Zi con la tonificación del 7 R. (Fuliu) y
9 P. (Taiyuan) que conformarían la segunda dimensión (izquierda-derecha).

Como AYUDANTES:

Las Tres Potencias: 20 DM. (Bahui), 17 RM. (Shanzhong) y 1 R. (Yongquam).

Los Tres Centros: 6 RM. (Qihai), 12 RM. (Zhongwuan) y 18 RM (Yutang).

El Mar del Centro: 36 E. (Zusanli).

FITOTERAPIA:
 FARMACOPEA ORIENTAL: Dirigida a tonificar el Yin de R., H. y BP., y calmar el fuego del
Xin Bao.

FITOTERAPIA OCCIDENTAL:

AURICULOTERAPIA Y/O OTROS MICROSISTEMAS

AURICULO TRADICIONAL: Su acción directa sobre el sistema neuroendocrino la hace ser un

complemento ineludible. Sobre todo a través del chequeo de la zona del muro y antemuro, así
como la de la concha Cimba.

AURICULO DE NOGUIER:

PUNTOS CURIOSOS O NUEVOS: Especial interés en los puntos de Hua To.

MANO, RINO, FACIO, PODO… PUNTURA: Sería recomendable la posibilidad de utilizar la

craneopuntura tanto tradicional como de Yamamoto.

BIOCERÁMICAS

PARCHES SEMIPERMANENTES. En los puntos Ho de los tras meridianos Yin del Pie, así
como en todos los Hua To.

PRENDAS ORTOPÉDICAS.

OTROS: Equipos de descanso nocturno y ropa interior diurna que reduzcan la incidencia nociva
de las radiaciones electromagnéticas y la acidez orgánica.

OTROS RECURSOS

HOMEOPATÍA:

ELECTROMAGNETOTERAPIA:

PARES MAGNÉTICOS:

OSTEOPATÍA SACRO-CRANEAL: Considero que puede ser un valioso aliado por su relación
energo-funcional con médula espinal.

RECOMENDACIONES DIETÉTICAS GENERALES

Ø Consumir preferiblemente alimentos biológicos.
 Ø Masticar y ensalivar bien los alimentos.

Ø Comer sólo si la situación y estado personal es propicio (no ingerir alimentos estando
irritados, nerviosos o con cualquier tipo de tensión).

Ø Comer hasta saciarse y no hartarse.

Ø No leer mientras se come, ni como mínimo 1 hora después.

Ø Evitar la ingestión de líquidos en las comidas. Caso de ser necesario beber preferiblemente
agua y en poca cantidad. Se debe ingerir agua preferiblemente fuera de las comidas.

Ø Procurar que las comidas sean sencillas y no mezclar muchos alimentos en una misma comida.

Ø La fruta y la verdura se tomarán preferiblemente crudas, caso de ser cocinada la verdura se

hará preferiblemente al vapor.

Ø No ingerir ningún producto con aditivos químicos, así como bebidas gaseosas, colas, etc.

Ø Sustituir los alimentos refinados por los alimentos completos o integrales.

Ø Tener la precaución de tomar ensaladas combinadas con los alimentos cocinados.

Ø Mantener un espacio entre comidas de 3 a 4 horas para evitar posibles incompatibilidades

entre comidas abundantes. Comer pequeñas cantidades de forma frecuente.

Ø Evitar al máximo las combinaciones entre alimentos reconocidas como incompatibles (grasas
+ HC).

Ø No tomar nunca alimentos radiados (microondas), agua tratada o transgénicos.

CONSEJOS HIGIÉNICOS Y AMBIENTALES

Ø Deberá de inspirar y espirar profundamente tratando de eliminar, en lo posible, el aire residual
pulmonar, teniendo cuidado con el mareo por hiperventilación. Efectuar series de 7
inspiraciones-espiraciones varias veces al día, fundamentalmente por la mañana, acumulando
mentalmente la energía sobre un punto situado inmediatamente debajo del ombligo [(6 RM.
(Qihai)].

Ø Evite la polución electromagnética, radiaciones descontroladas de TV., microondas, aparatos

electrodomésticos potentes, etc. manteniéndose a una distancia mínima de tres metros. Las
 cerámicas infrarrojas ayudan a neutralizar la polución electromagnética que nos envuelve se una
manera solapada pero que hace que el sistema homeostático este hiperactivo con el gasto
energético correspondiente.

Ø Mantenga una orientación de su cama con la cabecera al N. y si es posible cambie de

habitación. Su habitación debe tener “vida” (madera, plantas, tejidos orgánicos etc.).

Ø Es importante que rechace los agentes nocivos de tipo emocional como la preocupación, el
stress, la ansiedad, etc., haciendo terapia mental y autoconvenciéndose de que en este momento
lo más importante es Vd. y su proceso de curación, lo demás puede esperar.

Ø Siga en lo posible los ritmos de la naturaleza, levantándose poco después de amanecer

(momento ideal para la marcha y el ejercicio respiratorio) y acostándose poco después de
anochecer.