Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
Marikina Hotel
Marikina City
May 25-30, 2009
June 5-7, 2009
Technology Writers
Mario S. Gregorio
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
Region XI
Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon
Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region IV-A, Calabarzon
Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Conrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Region I
Rolando V. Inay
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila
i
Percival Magaway
Cabarroguis Natural School of Arts and Trades
Region II, Quirino
English Teacher
Mercy F. Divina
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Math Teacher
Emmanuel V. Dionisio
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Science Teacher
Editorial Specialist
Beatriz A. Adriano
Principal III
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Carolina F. Chavez
Principal II
Muntinlupa Business High School
Facilitator
ii
Math Specialist
Jesus L. Huenda
Senior Education Program Specialist
DepED-NCR
Encoders
iii
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................. i-iii
DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................... 1
TECHNICAL TERMS .................................................................................... 2
LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ......................................................................3-4
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1 .................................................................5-6
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1 ............................................................................ 7
SELF CHECK 1.1 ..................................................................................... 8
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2 ............................................................... 9-27
SELF-CHECK 1.2 ................................................................................... 28
OPERATION SHEET 1.1 ......................................................................... 29
SELF-CHECK # 1.3 ........................................................................... 30-31
LEARNING OUTCOME 2 .................................................................. 32-33
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1 ............................................................. 34-35
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1 .......................................................................... 36
SELF CHECK 2.1 ................................................................................... 37
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2 ................................................................ 38-40
SELF CHECK 2.2 ................................................................................... 41
LEARNING OUTCOME 3 .................................................................. 42-43
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1 ................................................................ 44-48
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.1 .......................................................................... 49
SELF CHECK 3.1 ................................................................................... 50
INFORMATION SHEET # 3.2 ............................................................. 51-53
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.2 .......................................................................... 54
SELF CHECK 3.2 ................................................................................... 55
OPERATION SHEET 3.2 .................................................................... 56-62
LEARNING OUTCOME 4 .................................................................. 63-64
INFORMATION SHEET # 4.1 ............................................................. 65-71
SELF CHECK 4.1 ................................................................................... 72
INFORMATION SHEET 4.2 ................................................................ 73-75
SELF CHECK 4.2 ................................................................................... 76
INFORMATION SHEET 4.3 ................................................................ 77-81
SELF CHECK 4.3 ................................................................................... 82
OPERATION SHEET 4.1 .................................................................... 83-89
SELF CHECK 4.4 .............................................................................. 90-91
LEARNING OUTCOME 5 .................................................................. 92-93
INFORMATION SHEET # 5.1 ............................................................. 94-98
INFORMATION SHEET 5.2 .............................................................. 99-104
OPERATION SHEET 5.1 ................................................................ 105-109
SELF CHECK 5.1 ................................................................................. 110
SELF CHECK 5.2 .......................................................................... 111-113
LEARNING OUTCOME 6 .............................................................. 114-115
INFORMATION SHEET 6.1 ............................................................ 116-118
OPERATION SHEET 6.1 ................................................................ 119-121
SELF CHECK 6.1 .......................................................................... 122-124
LEARNING OUTCOME 7 ..................................................................... 125
INFORMATION SHEET 7.1 ............................................................ 127-134
SELF CHECK 7.1 ................................................................................. 135
OPERATION SHEET 1 ................................................................... 136-138
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2 ............................................................ 139-145
SELF CHECK 7.2 ................................................................................. 146
OPERATION SHEET 7.2 ................................................................ 147-150
LEARNING OUTCOME 8 .............................................................. 151-152
INFORMATION SHEET 8.1 ............................................................ 153-156
OPERATION SHEET 8.1 ....................................................................... 157
ANSWER KEY .............................................................................. 158-174
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
The learning activity page gives the sequence of the learning task. This
page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.
After you accomplished all the tasks required, a post assessment is given to
check if you are already competent with the specified learning outcome/s
and be ready for the next task.
INTRODUCTION
1
TECHNICAL TERMS
2
Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND
DETAILS
Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details
Assessment Criteria:
References:
3
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
4
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1
Review on drafting tools, materials and equipment, their uses and care
It is presumed that all students are already aware on the tools and
materials needed in drafting works considering their prior learning in the
previous year level. However, it is necessary to review their previous learning
to prepare them for higher drafting activity.
A. Tools:
1. Drawing pencil
2. Mechanical Pencil
3. Erasing shield
4. Protractor
5. Triangular Scale
6. French curve
7. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener
8. Compass
9. Dusting brush
10. Technical Pen
11. Templates
12. Leroy lettering pen
13. Tape rule/Pull-push rule
5
B. Materials:
C. Equipment:
1. Drawing board/table
2. Drawing stool
6
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1
Situation:
Group the students into four and allow each group to assign its
leader and reporter. Each group must be provided with one (1) sheet
manila paper and a piece of pentel pen. Gather all the drafting tools
and materials and display them on the table.
Activity:
1. Give 10 minutes to each group to list down on the manila paper all
the displayed tools and materials according to its classifications.
Allow them to discuss its importance and uses in drafting and
drawing activity considering their prior learning in the previous
modules.
7
SELF CHECK 1.1
8
INFORMATION SHEET 1.2
9
Elements of Architectural working drawing
A complete architectural working drawing of a house generally includes
the following:
1. Architectural sheets
a. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior perspective, site
development plan or plot plan, and vicinity map or location
plan is often included in the plan).
LOCATION PLAN is the top view of the site or lot where the
proposed house will be built. It shows the position of the house
inside the lot, the number of the adjacent lots, streets or lanes
before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The location plan is
usually located near the title block. The main line symbol of the
North sign is generally parallel to the side border line of the
drawing paper and points upward.
10
Sheet # 1
SAMPLE BLUEPRINT OF A ONE-STOREY HOUSE
11
Title Page and Index generally includes title block, table of
contents, labels, and the name of the duly licensed and
registered Geodetic Engineer who approves the lot survey plans.
FLOOR PLAN is the top view of the floor area of a house. The
cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper
and lower window sills. It represents the arrangement of rooms,
doors, windows and other features located in the floor plan.
12
ELEVATION is the front or side view of a building. It shows the
design of the house, height dimension, materials finish and
complete information on specification.
13
Sheet # 3 - Sections, Roof Plan, and Reflected Ceiling Light
14
SECTION is the view showing the inside part of the building
either in cross- section or longitudinal section.
ROOF PLAN is one showing the outline of the roof and the major
object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips, and openings.
15
d. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of kitchen,
16
ARCHITECTURAL ABBREVIATIONS:
BALCONY – BALC CEILING LINE – CL METER – M
BATHROOM – B ELEVATION – ELEV. MILIMETER – MM
BEDROOM – BR SECTION – SEC. AT - @
MASTER BEDROOM - MBR FLOOR – FLR DOWN SPOUT –DS
LIVING ROOM – LR CONCRETEHOLLOW VERTICAL – VERT.
DINING ROOM – DR BLOCKS – CHB NOT TO SCALE – NTS
KITCHEN – K CORRUGATED – CORR FLOOR LINE – FL
LAVATORY – LAV CEMENT – CEM GROUND LINE – GL
TOILET & BATH – T & B BOTH WAYS – B.W. FINISH FLOOR LINE –
BUILDING – BLDG ON CENTER - OC FFL
BUILT-IN – BLT-IN DOWN – DN FINISH GROUND LINE-
CABINET – CAB FGL
Architectural Symbols
a. Doors and windows symbols that are shown in the floor plan.
17
b. Doors and windows symbols that used to represent doors on floor
plans and elevation drawings
18
c. Door, window and staircase symbols that are shown in the
elevation plans.
19
2. Structural Sheet
a. Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss Detail, and
Column/Footing/Beam Schedules
20
FOUNDATION PLAN a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a
building.
ROOF FRAMING PLAN a structural framing plan of the roof plan with
complete specification.
TRUSS DETAIL a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of
a building.
COLUMN/FOOTING/BEAM SCHEDULE a complete specification of column,
footings, and beam in terms of sizes, materials and quantity.
21
Sheet # 6 - Detail of Footings, Construction Notes and General Notes
22
3. Plumbing Plan/Layout
23
Plumbing Plan is the complete drawing detail of water and sewage
distribution.
Water System Plan is the drawing of flow of water in the house from main
water source.
Sewage System Plan is the drawing flow of sewage from the house
to main canal and septic tank.
24
Storm Drainage System shows the flow of water waste from the
lavatory, floor drain, and downspout from roof to storm drainage.
Septic Tank it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage
reservoir for all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom. The
main section of septic tank is the digestive chamber and the
leaching well.
4. Electrical Plan
Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location
plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications
Lighting layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings
Power & auxiliary layout an electrical plan that shows the flow of
convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
25
Sheet # 9 - Lighting layout, Power and Auxiliary layout, Location
plan, Panel board Detail, Load Schedules and Specifications
26
ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED:
ACU – AIR CONDITIONING UNIT
27
SELF-CHECK 1.2
A. Identification.
Directions. Identify what is referred to in each number and write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
28
OPERATION SHEET 1.1
After all the drawings are performed, it is also necessary to expose the
student in tracing activity. This activity is commonly applied in industry
especially in the reproduction of the architectural plans. All drafting works
must be done first in the preliminary process using sketching sheet. The
final outputs are those drawings which are done through tracing activity.
29
SELF CHECK 1.3
A. Identification
Direction: Identify the following architectural abbreviations:
B. Enumeration
1. Give at least 2 specification features found in the roof plan, 6
features in sections, and 2 features from reflected ceiling plan.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
2. Give at least 3 specification features in drawing doors and
windows schedule, 3 main features in kitchen detail, and 4
features from toilet and bath details. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
3. Give at least 5 specification features in foundation plan, 5
features in roof framing plan, and 5 features from truss
detailing, and 5 features in column/footings/beam schedules.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10.
30
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
Accuracy
50 pts - the output is accurately done.
45 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - the output is done 2 hours before the time.
8 pts - the output is done on time.
6 pts. - the output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - has no error.
20 pts - has two to three erasures.
15 pts - has four or more erasures
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed
in gothic letters or mechanical lettering.
12 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
10 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are
missing misspelled.
31
Program/ Course : TECHNICAL DRAFTING
Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND
DETAILS
Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details
References:
Earnest R. Weidhaas. Architectural Drafting and Design 4th edition
32
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome 2: Prepare and set-up tools and materials for drawing
Learning Activities Special Instruction
33
INFORMATION SHEET 2.1
a. Drawing/Drafting tools
These refer to the sets of tools that are used in all drafting works or
activities especially if the activity requires mechanical presentation. Prior to
the start of drafting activity, it is expected therefore that all drawing tools
needed must be available in the work station to ensure that the assigned
task can be accomplished according to customers or client’s standard.
34
11. Erasing shield
12. Pull-push rule
13. Drafting Light
b. Drawing/Drafting Materials
c. Equipment
These items are also essential in producing quality drafting
output especially if the assigned task requires mechanical
manipulation. Although, these items are so expensive, however, these
are important in making the drawing output presentable and
convincing to the clients.
35
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1
Situation:
Randomly select fifteen (15) students from the class for a
required activity relative to tools, materials and equipment
identification. Group them into three (3) groups and allow them to
choose their respective group leader. Put a long table that could
conveniently accommodate several sets of drawings tools and
materials in drafting.
Activity:
1. In line formation, let the three groups to fall in line at least 2
meters distance from the table where sets of tools and materials
are displayed.
2. Give 10 minutes for each group to perform the activity by requiring
each member of the three group to come forward as fast as he can
and immediately pick any tools from the table.
3. Demonstrate a non-verbal description that best explains the use of
such tools or materials. (See to it that all members are given the
opportunity to do the same as what had been done by the first
member).
4. The students who were not included in the activity shall evaluate
the performance of each group.
36
SELF CHECK 2.1
37
INFORMATION SHEET 2.2
LO1. Plan and prepare for work
The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive items,
however these are important in all drafting tasks. Considering its cost and
value in drafting activity, it is also important to take care and maintain its
usability.
38
b. Activity proper:
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating
procedure per job requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are
used in the activity.
3. In case of meeting an errors or mistakes along the way of
activity ( for instance misprinting of lines, letters, and other
forms of mistakes) use appropriate eraser for a particular
mistakes.
39
e. Maintain cleanliness in the work station.
f. Use tools and equipment properly.
40
SELF CHECK 2.2
41
Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND
DETAILS
Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details
Learning Outcome 3 : Draft Site Development Plan
Nominal Duration : 10 hours
Assessment Criteria:
References:
42
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
43
INFORMATION SHEET 3.1
44
SITE is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a
building is constructed. Building site maybe a single lot, a series of
lots, or a subdivision. A lot is a piece of ground of specific size. A
subdivision is a large tract of land that is being developed.
45
carport or garage, servant’s quarters, a driver’s room, a landscaped
garden, a balcony, and a roof garden.
Property Lines are those lines working outside of the lot area.
Setback refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
46
Zoning Laws
One major area covered by building code is the zoning laws. Zoning
laws are designed to keep different areas of a community from interfering
with each other. In some cities or towns, separate areas are set aside for
specific uses. Examples are residential, commercial, and industrial. These
are established and protected by zoning laws.
In addition, zoning laws establish standards for construction in
different sizes and uses.
Building Code are local laws that set standard for structural design within
the community.
47
National Building Code Rules:
1. For one-storey wooden or frame house, the height of the floor plan
from the ground should not be less than 1.50 m.
2. Walls with window opening should not be less than 2.00 m. from the
lot line of fence. In other words, adjacent houses should not be at
least 4.00 m. from each other.
3. The front part of a house should not be less than 3.00 m. from the lot
line along the street.
48
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.1
Situation:
Group the students into four. Assign leader to each group. Each
group must be provided with ½ sheets of manila paper, T-square,
triangle, pencil and a piece of pentel pen. Leader of the group will
draw lots for different shapes;
Activity:
1. Each group will draw the assigned shape in a ½ sheet of manila
paper using the provided tools. Imagine that it is a big drawing of a
residential lot. All the side lines will be label as property lines.
2. As a residential lot, it needs to put the following inside and outside
of the lot:
a. A setback space from all the sides of the lot to produce lot
occupancy.
b. One or two streets along the sides of the lot.
c. Pick an appropriate roofing’s for the lot occupancy.
d. Draw the gate entrance assuming the front of the lot adjacent to
the street constructed.
3. Each group is required to evaluate and give comments on the
output of the assigned leader according to the following criteria:
a. Functionality………40%
b. Presentation……....30%
c. Reporting…………...30%
Total 100%
49
SELF CHECK 3.1
______1. The outline and measurements of the proposed building and its
placement on the property.
______2. It refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of
structures to be built on a designated area.
______3. A piece of ground of specific size.
______4. These local laws that set standard for structural design within the
community.
______5. These are designed to keep different areas of a community from
interfering with each other.
______6. It is a space requirement from the lot line along the street.
______7. It refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
______8. It is a space requirement of walls with window opening from the lot
line of fence.
______9. It is a space requirement to each other of adjacent houses
according to NBC.
______10. Lines which are working the outside of the lot area.
50
INFORMATION SHEET 3.2
Types of Lot
51
Lot Plotting
Types of Protractor
900 O - Origin
900 O - Origin
00 180
0
00
Half Circle Type (1800) 900
270
0
Units of Protractor
52
Setting the Protractor
00
Mark off
0- Degree
Desired angle
900
H-axis
O - Origin
O-axis of protractor
V-axis
180
0
Procedure in Lot Plotting
53
ACTIVITY SHEET # 3.2
North N
East W
N
°
South NW NE S
Position of a Protractor
Position of a Protractor
W E
N N
SW SE
S
E W
S S
Position of a Protractor Position of a Protractor
54
SELF CHECK 3.2
55
OPERATION SHEET 3.2
1. Draw the given property lines of the lot using T-square, triangles,
triangular scale and protractor.
3. Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated
within the lot whenever possible.
4. Locate lot center. Analyze the lot shapes, streets, adjacent lots and
consider the lot plan guides when designing areas of occupancy.
56
5. Plan and measure the setbacks of all corners of the lot plan
2.00 m. 2.00 m.
setback Setback sample
setback
setback
setback
57
6. Draw and finalized design of occupancy plan.
2.50 m. 2.0 m.
setback setback
N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m.
setback
setback
W 600 25’ S., 16.75 m.
LOT OF OCCUPANCY
setback
setback
58
7. Draw the desired roof type on the occupancy plan.
2.50 m. 2.0 m.
setback N 350 40’ E., 12.25 m. setback
setback
setback
W 600 25’ S., 16.75 m.
setback
setback
59
10. Indicate all symbols required in the plot plan.
12. Indicate the necessary utility line to be shown in the plot plan.
60
A. Drawing Problem
Directions: Draw the site of a given survey lot below. Use appropriate tools
and materials.
Given:
Use scale 1:100 meter.
Start from point no. 1, N 440 33’E’, 197.38M., from point 1., S790 00’W;
6.55 M. point 2, from 2, N 100 21’ W; 17.04M. point 3, from point 3, N780
25’ E; 6.51 M. point 4, point 4, S 100 30’ E; 17.11 M. point 5.
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
61
Accuracy
50 pts - the output is accurately done.
45 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - the output is done 2 hours before the time.
8 pts - the output is done on time.
6 pts. - the output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - has no error.
20 pts - has two to three erasures.
15 pts - has four or more erasures
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and legibly printed
in gothic letters or mechanical lettering.
12 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
10 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are
missing and misspelled.
62
Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
AND DETAILS
Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details
LO4 Draft Floor Plan
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
References:
Giesecke, Mitchell, and Spencer. Technical Drawing, Macmillan Company,
1999.
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fifth
edition, 1986
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fourth
edition, 1988
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing, 10th edition, MacGraw, Hill Book
Company, 1988
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2, Phoenix Publishing, 1983
Max B. Fajardo Jr., Planning and Designers Handbook, Second Edition
The National Building Code of the Philippines and its Implementing Rules
and Regulations.
63
Learning Outcome 4: Draft Floor Plan
Learning Activities Special Instruction
64
L.4. FLOOR PLAN FEATURES
Floor Plan
Floor plan is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house.
The horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper
and lower window sills or one meter above the floor line. It shows the size
and arrangement of the rooms. It also presents the sizes and locations of the
stairs, door and windows openings, and partitions and walls. Sometimes it
includes the kind of furnishings in each room. However, the materials
required for constructing permanent or integral parts of each room such as
bedroom closets, kitchen cabinets, etc., should also be accounted for in the
bill of materials.
B
EAVE LN..
A A
FLOOR PLAN
SCALE: 1:100 M.
65
more floor levels have the same arrangement and features, one typical floor
plan representing all the identical floors will suffice to be drawn.
1. Living Room is the center of the living area in most homes. It should
be centrally located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance
and to the dining area, but the entrance should not lead directly into
the living room. Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00
small, 3.7m. x 5.5m. average or optimum size would be 6.1 x 7.9 m. in
rectangular shape.
2. Bedroom is a room for sleeping and taking rest of the family. Ideal
number of rooms for low cost housing should be two bedrooms,
master’s bedroom and bedroom. Preferably, there should be a toilet
and bath in master’ bedroom and a built-in cabinets or closets.
3. Dining Area is the area where greatly depend on eating habits of the
occupants. This should be located between the living room and
kitchen.
Its size and shape are determined by the size of the family.
4. Kitchen is the place for preparation of food and connecting the work
triangle area for storage and mixing center, preparation and cleaning
center and cooking center. There should be a storage hanging kitchen
cabinet with a minimal width of 0.60 meter.
Types of Kitchen
66
1. U-shaped kitchen
67
2. . L-shaped type
3. Corridor type
68
5. Bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated to save
economically in plumbing. As much as possible keep the toilet near
69
the kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms,
accessible to the living room even without passing through other
rooms. The toilet and bath are generally located between bedrooms. In
a two-storey residential house, the bedrooms, toilet, and bath are
often located on the second floor. In this case, the stair must go up
from the living room or hall if there is any. The stair is generally L or
U-shaped and has a landing.
Bathroom Doors and Windows Bathroom door could be small as 55-
60 cm. except for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70.cm.
wide to allow passage of equipment as required. In general, bathroom
wall contain only one door.
The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns radiate. The
main entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide shelter to
anyone awaiting entrance.
The service entrance provides access to the house through which supplies
can be delivered to the service areas going through other parts of the house.
It should also provide access to parts of the service area like the garage,
laundry or workshop.
The special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside traffic.
Instead they provide for movement from the inside living area of the house
to the outside living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the patio is
70
a special-purpose entrance. It is not an entrance through which street,
drive, or sidewalk traffic would have an access.
1. A part of the house where sometimes used for eating and relaxing.
a. porch b. living area c. bedroom d. dining area
2. It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a
building.
a. special purpose exit b. door c. entrance d. exit door
3. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. Bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
4. This has an access to kitchen and living room.
a. Bathroom b. dirty kitchen c. dining hall d. dining area
B. Enumeration: Identify the following.
a. Types of kitchen
5.
6.
7.
b. Fixtures in kitchen “work triangle”.
8.
9.
10.
72
LO4. Use of appropriate scale in drawing a Floor Plan
Scales
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architect’s scale for reducing
and enlarging the scale size measurement. There are two system of
measurement, Metric system and English system.
Metric System
73
Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale,
the bigger the size in the triangular scale whereas, the largest the number
used the smallest size of actual measurement.
1:05 m. 1: 100 m.
1:10 m. 1: 200 m.
1:20 m. 1: 300 m.
1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.
1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.
1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.
1:75 m. 1:1000m.
Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
74
USE RATIO COMPARISON TO 1 METER
1:2500 0.4 mm. equals to 1 M.
CITY MAP
1:1250 0.8 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:500 12 mm. equals to 1 M.
PLAT PLANS
1:200 5 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:100 10 mm. equals to 1 M.
PLOT PLANS
1: 80 12.5 mm. equals to 1M.
1:75 13.3 mm. equals to 1 M.
FLOOR PLANS 1:50 20 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:40 25 mm. equals to 1M.
1:20 50 mm. equals to 1M.
DETAILS 1:10 100 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:5 200 mm. equals to 1 M.
Directions: A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
76
LO4. Architectural drafting design standards
Legal Provisions:
Section 806 of the National Building Code (NBC). Size and
Dimension of Rooms:
77
may be shown in the plan. All these measurements must be drawn
to scale.
3. Since most of the time is spent by the members of a family in the
bedrooms at home, these rooms must be located far from noise,
dust, and polluted air coming from garbage pits or from the
kitchens and toilets of the neighboring houses.
4. If furnitures and house appliances are to be shown in each room,
these furnishings should be drawn on the same scale in the floor
plan.
5. If the floor plan will be traced on tracing paper in order to indicate
the electrical or water connections, these furnishings should not be
shown on the tracing.
6. In presentation drawings, the landscaping around the floor plan
may be added.
7. It is on the floor plan where the cutting plane lines for at least two
full-sectional elevations (cross and longitudinal) are indicated.
These sectional elevations are usually labeled as Section A-A and
Section B-B, depending on the capital letter used at the extremities
of the cutting plane lines. These cutting plane lines need not be
continuous or straight. They are often drawn in colored ink. ( see
illustration)
8. Windows and Doors symbols should be indicated in the outer walls
of the floor plan opposite to door and windows openings to
determine the total number and specification.
Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another
one for exit. Windows opening should be 10% of the total floor
square area according to the National Building Code.
Example:
Bedroom size of 3.00m x 40.00 = 12 square meters x 10% = 1.20m
window width opening.
78
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for walling and partitions
Sizes:
CHB - 0.10 T x 0.40 W. x 0.20 H. (4” T x 16”W x 8”H) is used for
interior walls or sometimes exterior wall with no heavy loads.
CHB - 0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 (6” x 8” x 16”) is used for exterior wall
sometimes for interior wall.
Plastering of CHB wall should not be less than 0.015 mm. or not more
than to 0.05 cm in thickness.
Note:
In lay outing floor plan walls, it should be scaled with same sizes of all
actual materials to be used. If the occupancy wants to use 0.10 x 0.20 x
0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both side walls, the
total thickness of the wall is 0.13 cm. On the other hand, likes to use 0.15 x
0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both sides a
total average is 0.018 cm. since it is very hard to layout the accurate scale of
0.18 wall thickness, so most draftsman prefer to use 0.20 cm. wall in lay
outing floor plan.
Wall Openings
Entrance door is preferably with 0.90 cm. to 1.00 m. width.
Bedroom door has a minimum width of 0.80 cm.
Toilet and Bath door have a minimum width of 0.70 cm. to 0.80 cm.
Minimal width of windows is preferably 0.60 cm.
Other appliances and fixtures are required to be drawn in the floor plan
for space requirements
Eave lines are hidden roof lines which also indicated in the floor plan.
Trees, Plants symbols are required to be drawn in the development of site
plan if needed.
79
Architectural Symbols used in drawing floor plan
80
81
SELF CHECK 4.3
Directions: A. Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on
a separate sheet of paper.
6. Interior door –
7. Swinging door –
8. Double door –
9. Accordion door –
10. Bay window -
82
OPERATION SHEET 4.1
83
3. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15cm. CHB for the major walls.
Start from the center of the wall.
84
4. Divide the floor area to other areas of the house. Use a 10 cm
interior wall partitions. Compute each area of the house, then check
the total floor area
85
5. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by
their widths with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is 90-95
centimeters like the main entrance door. While 80 centimeters for
bedrooms and service doors and 0 .75 centimeters for toilet and bath
doors.
86
6. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the
work triangle principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the toilet and
bath draw the fixtures properly.
87
7. Lay-out extension lines. Use any dimension limits and lay out
dimensions legibly and never repeat dimensions.
88
8. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name doors and windows
by sizes. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.
89
SELF CHECK 4.4
Directions: Using the same operation. Draw the floor plan area
Given: A floor plan of 6.00 x 9.00 m. with two bedrooms. Use a scale of
1:100. Use correct tools for the right job.
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
90
Performance Criteria:
Accuracy
50 pts - the output is accurately done.
45 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - the output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - the output is done on time.
6 pts. - the output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - no errors made on the output.
20 pts - has two to three erasures.
15 pts - has four or more erasures
Lettering/Labeling
91
Program/Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
Assessment Criteria
References:
Giesecke, Mitchell and Spencer. Technical Drawing Macmillan
Company,1982
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design,
fifth edition 1999
Donald Hepler, Paul I. Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, fourth
edition 1999
French and Vierck. Engineering Drawing 10th edition MacGraw Hill Book
Company 1987
German M. Manaois. Drafting 1 and 2 Phoenix Publishing 1983.
Max B. Fajardo Jr., Planning and Designers Handbook, Second Edition,
1980
The National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules
and Regulations 2005
92
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
93
INFORMATION SHEET 5.1
LO5. Draft Roof Plans
Angle iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 900 angle.
Butterfly roof is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of
the house.
Dome is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a
window.
Eave is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing is the material used for covering exposed places outside the
building like firewalls.
Flat roof is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Gable roof is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Galvanize is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Gambrel roof is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes on
each side.
Hip rafter is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to
form the hip.
Hip roof is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope
much steeper than the upper.
Overhang is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall.
Pitch is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also
referred to as the rise over the run.
Purlin is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters are structural members used to frame a roof.
94
Ridge is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
Rise is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shed roof is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Shingles are thin pieces of wood or other materials that ovelap each other in
covering a roof.
Truss is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof
loads over long spans.
Valley is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping
roofs.
Roof
Types of Roofs
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used in
the building construction. The following are:
1. Gable Roof has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends. This
type of roof is used extensively on Philippines bahay kubo and raw
houses in subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the
high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch
roofs found on most ranch homes.
95
GABLE ROOF
2. Hip roofs are used when eave-line protection is desired around the entire
perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm climates.
they are commonly used on Regency and French Provincial homes.
HIP ROOF
96
3. Flat roofs are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes. Slightly
heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt construction is
often used on flat roofs.
FLAT ROOF
4. Shed roofs are higher at one end than the other. They may be used
effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.
SHED ROOF
97
5. Overhang is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side of
the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide
additional protection from the sun and rain.
OVERHANG ROOF
These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction sector.
However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in the
construction.
98
INFORMATION SHEET 5.3
Roof Plan
A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major object
lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is not a
framing plan, but a plan view of the roof. To develop a roof framing plan, a
roof must be stripped of its covering to expose the position of each
structural member and each header. The roof plan can be used as the basic
outline for the roof framing plan. Below are samples of blueprint drawings
of roof plans, roof framing plan and other informative drawings.
99
Elements or features of roof and framing plans
1. Roof Plan
ROOF PLAN
100
Different types of roofing sheets:
1. Corrogated G.I sheet
2. 4-V corrugated sheet
3. Ardex corrugated sheet
4. Kanalelas corrugated sheet.
5. Steel bricks
6. Colorbond custom orb
101
102
1. Roof framing plan
There are important elements that must be shown in the roof framing
plan. They are shown in the form of line symbols, such as:
a. Trusses
b. Purlins
c. Ridge roll line
d. Ridge cap line
e. Eaves or gutter line
f. Dimension
103
ROOF FRAMING SHOWING THE THICKNESS OF EACH MEMBER
104
OPERATION SHEET 5.1
Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through
the following steps (see the operating steps):
105
2. Draw or trace the given scale floor plan into a form of hidden lines
without doors and windows.
3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out a standard 1.00 m. eave lines
around the floor plan.
106
4. From eave lines, extend a 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze
how many and where to indicate a 0.10 m. circular holes for
downspout.
0.20 m.
0.20 m.
5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the
center and project a line along the eave lines.
center
107
6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 450 angle in all corners of eave
lines intersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn hip
roof layout, draw two lines at 0.10 m. width on both sides
representing the ridge roll width.
108
8. Complete the drawings with proper dimensioning and labels, then
finalize the drawing.
109
SELF CHECK 5.1
LO5. Draft Roof Plans
Directions: Multiple Choice: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of
the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.
110
SELF CHECK 5.2
Problem Solving
111
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
Accuracy
50 pts - the output is accurately done
45 pts - two to five errors are observed on the output
40 pts. - six to ten errors are observed on the output
Speed
10 pts - the output is done 5 minutes before the time
8 pts - the output is done on time
6 pts. - the output is done after the allotted time
Neatness
25 pts. - has no error
20 pts - has two to three erasures
15 pts - has four or more erasures
112
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - all pieces of information are completely indicated and
legibly printed.
12 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
10 pts. - all pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing and misspelled.
8 pts. - pieces of information are not legibly printed and words are missing
and misspelled.
113
Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
Unit of Competency : DRAFT ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND
DETAILS
Module Title : Drafting Architectural Layout and Details
Learning Outcome 6 : Draft Ceiling Plan
Assessment Criteria:
References:
Edition; 1960
1977
114
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
115
INFORMATION SHEET 6.1
Definition of Terms
117
The following features that are shown in the reflected ceiling plan:
1. Lighting fixtures
2. Ventilation
3. Smoke detector
4. Wood moulding
5. Ceiling board
vi. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less than
1.80meters above and below it.
118
OPERATION SHEET 6.1
119
2. Sketch the ceiling area based on the general
measurement of the floor plan.
3. Provide space for overhang for the four sides at your desired
size.
120
4. Sketch the partitions based on the measurements in the floor
plan
121
SELF CHECK 6.1
122
TEST II. Enumeration Type:
123
SELF CHECK 1.2
124
Program/Course : Drafting Technology
Assessment Criteria:
1. Vertical heights gradeline establish according to architectural drafting
standards.
2. Offsets from right side, left and rear side of floor plan are projected
according to architectural drafting standards.
3. Roof eaves and pitch on all elevations and sections established
according to architectural drafting standards.
4. Doors and windows projected in all elevations and sections.
5. Cross and longitudinal sectional views projected from the floor plans
and elevations.
6. Various material symbols and specifications indicated in all elevations
and sections.
125
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
126
INFORMATION SHEET # 7.1
Normally, the design of the floor plan precedes the designs of the
elevation, because both have a continual relationship in the entire design
process. Flexibility is possible in the design of elevations, even those
designed from the same floor plan.
The designer should keep in mind that only horizontal distances can
be established on the floor plan, while that of the vertical distances such as
height of doors, windows and roofs must be shown on the elevation.
Preliminary Sketches
1. Proportion – which deals with the size and shape of areas and their
relation to one another.
2. Fenestration – deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in a
wall.
3. Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a
uniform elevation.
127
4. Shadows refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting
when designed to take advantage of shadows.
Finished Sketches
The finished sketch may be carefully drawn with the use of drawing
instruments. Since these are fairly large scale drawings the exact size of all
features together with their correct representation must be considered.
128
Elevations are the exterior views of the building. The front view of the
building is always referred to as the front. The other elevations are named
according to their position in relation to the front, i.e. right elevation, rear or
back elevation, left elevation.
Eave is the lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall.
Elevation Projection
129
FLOOR PLAN
130
FRONT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
131
LEFT SIDE ELEVATION
132
Elevation Dimensioning
133
134
SELF CHECK #7.1
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answer and write it on
a separate sheet of paper
135
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1
136
3. Indicate the thickness of walls, fascia board and other materials
seen on elevation and darken the lines to highlight them.
137
5. Indicate the dimension of the vertical distance from
the natural ground line to the floor line and the floor line
ceiling, and ceiling line to ridge line.
Added elevation dimensions and notes are.
1. height of roof
2. height of other features such as masonry wall
3. heights of wall
4. roof slope indication
5. window schedule
6. title and notes indicating materials
138
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2
Sections
139
140
141
142
Full Sections
143
144
145
SELF CHECK #. 7.2
Directions: Based on the given floor plan, draw the front and rear
elevations. Use a separate sheet of paper
146
OPERATION SHEET # 1.2
Drafting Section
Procedure:
The student will draw the activity individually and they will be
provided a copy of the floor plan. The student will draw the sections; the
cross section and longitudinal section. The activity will be for 2 meetings or
four hours.
147
1. From the given plan, indicate the path of the imaginary
cutting plane along the floor plan. Indicate the position of the
line of sight or viewing by means of arrow heads.
148
3. Indicate the vertical dimensions from the ground line to the
floor line, the ceiling line and the ridge line using the standard
vertical dimension as provided in the low cost housing
regulations. The standard dimension are 2.80m from the floor
line to ceiling line and 1.20m to 1.80m from ceiling line to the
top of the ridge.
149
5. Darken the outline and draw section lines on portions of the
building that come in contact with the cutting plane.
6. Finalize the drawing by labeling it.
7. Repeat the same procedure for the cross section drawing.
150
Program/Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
Assessment Criteria :
Reference:
Brown, Walter C., Drafting for Technology, The Goodheart-Willcox
Company, Inc., 1990
151
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ACTIVITIES
2. Answer self check no. 8.1 to test Answer the self check.
your knowledge about
presentation drawings.
152
INFORMATION SHEET # 8.1
Presentation drawings
153
The elevation plan is purposely to show the height of the building
particularly the distance from floor line to ceiling line and the distance from
bottom line and top of a ridge.
A B C D
S
ection
GA. # 26 RIDGE ROLL
GA # 26 3’X10’ PLAIN G.I SHT.
.GUTTER
4” X 8”X 16” CONC. HOL.
BLOCKS
drawi
FIXED CLEAR GLASS WINDOW
GA. # 26 CORR. G.I SHT.
ROOFING
ngs
CONC. MOULDING
GA. # 26 RIDGE CAP
FIXED CLEAR GLASS WINDOW
are
CONC. MOULDING
shown
CONC.
type of
BALLUSTRAIDS
PANEL DOOR
materi
als
that
must be used inside the building. It can be shown in terms of cross section
and longitudinal section.(refer to module )
154
GA.#26 3’X10’ CORR. G.I SHT.
NARRA PANELING
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
155
Perspective Drawing
3. Inclusion of landscaping
Landscaping must be included in the preparation of perspective
view because it adds attraction to the viewer.
4. Other elements like car, human figure and etc. must also be included
in the presentation of perspective view because these would serve as
additional attraction of the drawing.
156
OPERATION SHEET # 8.1
LO8. Perform Presentation Drawings
1. Draft the floor plan according to the desired size and shape.
2. Draft the elevation plan based on the floor plan.
3. Draft section drawing based on the elevations and floor plan.
4. Draft the perspective view.
157
ANSWER KEY
158
Self Check 1.3
Teacher’s Check
159
Self Check 1.7
A. Identification
Specification features of door schedule
1. Height of doors
2. Width of doors
3. Doors Finished Materials
4. Door type/style
5. Door Quantity
Specification features of window schedule
1. Height of window
2. Width of window
3. Window finished Materials
4. Window type/style
5. Window quantity
Specification features of toilet and bath details
1. Types of bathroom
2. Height of bathroom
3. Section of bathroom
4. Materials finished inside the bathroom
5. Floor slopes in the bathroom
6. Fixtures in the bathroom
B. Performance Test
Teacher’s Check
160
8. Eaves distances
Specification features of truss detail
1. Types of truss
2. Height of truss
3. Structural framing of truss
4. Materials finished finished of trusses
5. Spacing of King Post, queen posts
6. Diagonal braces
7. Purlins and roof sheet covering
8. Ridge roll type
9. Roofing materials
10. Gutter sizes and materials used
11. Ceiling of eave roof
Specification features of column/footings and beam schedule
1. Sizes of Footings, column and beams
2. Materials used for footings, columns and beam
3. Types of footing and column
4. Types of beam
5. Quantity of column, footings and beams
B. Performance Test
Teacher’s Check
161
1. Detail legend
2. Specification used
3. Materials used
4. Schedule of Construction notes
5. Schedule of Footings
B. Performance Test
Teacher’s Check
B. Performance Test
Teacher’s Check
162
Self Check 1.12
A. Identification
1. M
2. S
3. S2
4. ________________
5. --------------------
6. CB/PB
7. Lighting outlet
8. Door bell
9. Service Entrance
10. Push button switch
B. Performance Test
Teacher’s Check
163
Return books and borrowed architectural references inside the
cabinet.
Put all things in the proper place to avoid disturbance and accident.
Work as a Team
164
ANSWER KEY
165
ANSWER KEY
166
Bearing and Magnitude are placed centered to lot line being
described and within the lot whenever possible
NOTE: Bearing and Magnitude must be written and readable
from South West quadrant.
h. Lot No. and Block No. are written at center of lot. Subdivision
streets are indicated as Street Lot No. ____it is directly placed
centered and parallel to respective streets
i. Scale is indicated under the NORTH symbol for non-
documental work and proper position for documental
Plotting Paper
167
ANSWER KEY
168
Self Check 4.3
A.
1. d. 0.13 m
2. d. 0.18 m.
3. a. 0.90 m
4. c. eave line
5. b. 3.00 sq.m.
B.
6. Interior door –
7. Swinging door –
8. Double door –
9. Accordion door –
Teacher’s Check
169
ANSWER KEY
a. b. Purlin
b. a. Truss
c. a. ridge
d. c. Valley
e. a. Pitch
f. b. Hip
g. b. Eave
h. b. Fascia
i. d. Shed
j. d. hip rafter
k.
Self Check 5.2
Teacher’s Check
Self Check 5.3
Roof Plan:
1. A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major
object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips, and openings.
2. The roof plan is not a framing plan, but a plan view of the roof.
3. To develop a roof framing plan, a roof must be stripped of its
covering to expose the position of each structural member and
each header.
4. The roof plan can be used as the basic outline for the roof framing
plan.
5. The roof plan indicate types of roofing
Roof Framing Plan:
1. The structural framing of a roof plan
2. It shows the sizes of materials framing.
3. It shows spacing of structural framing
4. It shows specification of structural framing
5. It shows the details of gutter
Self Check 5.4
Teacher’s Check
170
ANSWER KEY
TEST I.
1. Soffit
2. Reflected ceiling plan
3. Ventilation
4. Specification
5. insulation
6. Hanger
7. Acoustic
8. Fixtures
9. Ceiling board
10. Ceiling joist
11. ceiling
12. fixtures
13. ventilation
14. acoustic
15. reflected ceiling plan
1. Lightning features
2. Ventilation
3. Smoke detector
4. Wood mouldings
5. Ceiling board
171
ANSWER KEY
172
ANSWER KEY: 1.2
173
ANSWER KEY
174
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
1
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
How to Use this Module……………………………………………………... i
Introduction……………………………………………………………………. 1 i
Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………… 2
Learning Outcome 1: Draft Foundation Plans…………………………. 4
Learning Experiences / Activities………………………………….. 5
Information Sheet # 1.1……………………………………………………. 6
Self Check # 1.1……………………………………………………….. 10
Activity Sheet # 1.1……………………………………………………. 11
Information Sheet # 1.2…………………………………………………….. 12
Self Check # 1.2………………………………………………………… 18
Operation Sheet # 1.2………………………………………………………. 19
Operation Sheet # 1.2.1……………………………………………………. 22
Learning Outcome 2: Draft Structural Floor and Roof Framing
Plans…………………………….. 27
Learning Experiences / Activities…………………………………… 28
Information Sheet # 2.1…………………………………………………….. 29
Self Check # 2.1……………………………………………………………. 37
Operation Sheet # 2.1………………………………………………………. 38
Information Sheet # 2.2……………………………………………………. 42
Self Check # 2.2……………………………………………………………. 50
Operation Sheet # 2.2………………………………………………………. 51
Information Sheet # 2.3……………………………………………………. 55
Self Check # 2.3……………………………………………………………. 59
Operation Sheet # 2.3……………………………………………………… 60
Information Sheet # 2.4……………………………………………………. 63
Self Check # 2.4……………………………………………………………. 68
Operation Sheet # 2.4………………………………………………………. 69
Operation Sheet # 2.4.1…………………………………………………….. 72
Information Sheet # 2.5……………………………………………………. 79
Self Check # 2.5……………………………………………………………. 87
Operation Sheet # 2.5………………………………………………………. 88
Assessment Resources……………………………………………………… 90
Answer Key………………………………………………………………… 92
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………… 99
2
i
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
The learning activity page gives the sequence of the learning tasks.
This page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.
3i
Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY
INTRODUCTION:
1
TECHNICAL TERMS
Foundation is the part of the building below the surface of the ground
which is sometimes called the substructure.
Piles are long posts driven into the soil in swampy locations upon which the
foundation footing is laid.
2
Valley Jacks is a rafter that run from a ridge board to a valley rafter.
Valley Rafters. is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping
roofs.
3
Program/Course : Drafting Technology
Assessment Criteria:
References:
Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture Drafting and Design, Mcgraw Hill
Book Co.
Werdhass, Ernest, Architecture Drafting and Design, Allyn and Bacon, 1984
Harold Sleeper, Building Planning and Design Standards, John Wiley and
Sons, New york
4
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
5
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1
Design of Foundation
6
The materials and tools used in laying out are the following:
7
Backfilling on the one hand is the filling in of the excavated portion after
the foundation has been laid out.
8
The design of a foundation always includes the following;
The earth provides ultimate support of the structure against all elements
of nature. Automatically, the soil where the building stands is a material of
construction. But physically, the soil is weaker than any other material of
construction like steel, concrete and wood. Loads carried by steel, concrete,
and wood is transmitted to the ground, hence there is a foundation to
transmit that collective load to the soil in such a manner as the soil will not
be over stressed to cause serious deformation. The performance of a
structural foundation is dependent on soil behavior. Where soil foundation
provides lifetime support for a building all forces that act over time shall be
considered and that foundation is designed for worst conditions that may
develop.
9
SELF CHECK # 1.1
A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
__________ 5.It is the most suitable way of determining the soil condition.
1. Give the Five (5) materials and tools used in laying out?
2. Give the Four (4) causes of foundation movement?
10
ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.1
Directions:
1. Let the students group themselves into 3-5 depending upon the
number of students in the class.
2. Let them discuss among themselves the importance of having a solid
foundation for a building or a residential unit.
3. Let the group leaders report their reasons and answers to the class.
Questions:
11
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2
Types of Foundations
2. Pier foundation is one where the load is distributed into the soil
by slender vertical members of timber, concrete, or steel called
piles.
Foundation Members
3. Piers and Columns Piers and columns are vertical members usually
made of concrete, brick, steel or wood. They are used to support
the floor systems and can be used as sole support of the
structure
12
Footings and columns carry the load of the building resting on the
foundation.
Kinds of Footings
3. Cantilever Footing
13
4. Trapezoidal Footing
5. Continuous Footing
7. Wall Footing
14
DETAIL OF WALL FOOTING
15
16
DETAIL OF COLUMN FOOTING
17
SELF CHECK # 1.2
A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Identify the correct answer and
write it on a separate sheet of paper.
__________ 2. The part of the building below the surface of the ground.
18
OPERATION SHEET # 1.2
0.80 0.80
0.20 0.20
0.20
0.80
0.20
0.80
19
3. Indicate width of wall footings and thickness of wall (4” THK CHB and
0.40) width of footing
0.15
0.40
0.15
WALL FOOTING 1
0.40
WALL FOOTING 2
20
5. Finalize the drawing by completing the specifications for the detail
drawing of footings and columns.
Elevation + Elevation +
0.20 0.20
Elevation +
0.10
Elevation + 0.20
Elevation + 0.20
Compacted
Gravel Fill
Elevation + 0.10
21
OPERATION SHEET # 1.2.1
Procedure:
22
2. Determine the sizes of footings and columns used in the foundation plan
SECTION SECTION
PLAN PLAN
CF -1 CF -2
23
3. Layout the plan of the foundation with the corresponding sizes used
SECTION SECTION
PLAN PLAN
CF -1 CF -2
24
4. Layout the column section following the measurement used
SECTION SECTION
PLAN PLAN
CF - 1 CF - 2
25
5. Draw the reinforcing bars and label.
PLAN PLAN
CF - 1 CF - 2
26
Program/Course : Drafting Technology
Assessment Criteria:
References:
Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture Drafting and Design, Mcgraw hill
Book Co.
Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture Drafting and Design, Mcgraw hill
Book Co.
Werdhass, Ernest, Architecture Drafting and Design, Allyn and Bacon, 1984
Harold Sleeper, Building Planning and Design Standards, John Wiley and
Sons, New york
27
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
Learning Outcome No. 2: Draft Structural Floor and Roof Framing Plans
Learning Activities Special Instruction
28
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1
CONTRETE;
Cement is the bonding agent that reacts with water to form a stone-
hard substance. It is of two types; the hydraulic cement and the Portland
cement. Joseph Aydin introduced Portland cement in 1824. Portland cement
is categorized as to its type, whether for general construction or where high
early strength or resistance is required. Pozzolana cement is amorphous
silica that hardens as silica gel by reacting chemically with alkali in water.
The name is derived from Pozzolona, Italy where this was found.
Concrete Proportion
Concrete Proportion
29
Concrete used for construction is tested as to their strength by the
following methods;
1. Slump Test
2. Compression Test
SLUMP TEST
COMPRESSION TEST
30
Concrete for building construction is mixed in two different ways:
Reinforced Concrete
1. Tied column
2. Spiral
3. Composite
4. Combined
5. Lally column
31
A tied column has reinforcement called lateral ties, of which the ACI
code provides a specific size of ties as follows:
1. That the distance should not be more than 16 times the diameter of
the main reinforcing bar.
2. That the spacing should not be more than 48 times the diameter of
the lateral ties.
3. That the spacing should not be more than the shortest dimension of
the cross section of the column.
The floor system of a building refers to the girders, beams and the
floor slab. The floor slab carries both the live and dead load, that is the
human occupants and all unmovable objects. These are transmitted to the
beams then to the columns.
1. Spacing of column
2. The magnitude of the loads to be supported
32
3. The length of the span
4. Cost of construction
A one way slab is the most common type of reinforced concrete floor
system. This is supported by two parallel beams. Unlike beams and girders,
floor slab needs no web reinforcements.
The bending moment of a slab at the center is equal hence the same
quantity of reinforcement should be at the center and at support.
33
The ACI code provides that the thickness of the slab shall not be less
than 10cm nor less than the perimeter of the slab divided by 180. The
reinforcement shall not be more than 3 times the slab thickness and the
ratio of reinforcement shall be at least 0.0025.
34
Reinforced Concrete Stairways
The inclined slab supported at the end by beams is the simplest form
of a concrete stairway. Reinforcement is placed at only one direction and a
transverse one bar per tread. The unsupported span of the stairway shall be
short and no break in flight between floors. If the stair is divided into two or
more flights, intermediate beams should be used to support the landing.
The building code provides that all stairs shall be so designed to give safety
and convenience to climbing.
1. The minimum width of any stair slab and the minimum dimensions of
any landing shall be 110 cm.
2. The maximum rise of the step as about 18 cm. and the tread exclusive
of the nosing is 25 cm
3. The minimum height of straight flight between landing is 360cm.
35
Stairway constructions are usually built after the completion of the
main structural framework of the dwelling unit.
36
SELF CHECK # 2.1
Directions: I. Fill the blank with the correct answer. Write your answer on a
a separate sheet of paper.
37
OPERATION SHEET # 2.1
Procedure:
1. Draw a floor plan of the residential unit you wish to have. Indicate the
detail of a concrete slab with the corresponding dimensions.
38
2. Indicate elevations of floor and finish ground line to know the thickness
of gravel bedding.
39
3. Indicate size and distances of reinforcing bars as per standard
specification on the national building code.
4. Draw a portion of the floor plan indicating bar distances and bar sizes.
40
5. Draw a sectional detail of the plan and label the drawing.
41
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.2
Bar Spacing
1. The minimum clear distances between adjacent steel bars shall not
be less than 25mm
2. When beam reinforcement are placed in two layers the clear distance
shall be 25mm.
3. Lateral ties shall be no.3 bars spaced 16 times the longitudinal bar
diameter.
4. The clear spacing between spirals shall not exceed 7.5 or less than
2.5 cm. 10mm minimum diameter.
1. Welding
2. Tying
3. Sleeves
4. Mechanical devices w/c provides full positive connection between
bars.
1. Lapping
2. Direct and bearing
3. Welding
4. Mechanical device w/c provides full positive connection.
42
Minimum diameters of bend for Standards Hook
43
For simple concrete beams and girders, the steel reinforcement
consists of 4 longitudinal bars and stirrups, either of the closed type or
the U-type stirrups and is secured by wires. The stirrups take care of the
diagonal tension and also keep the steel reinforcement in their proper
position
44
Concrete Floor Slabs
45
Sizes of Bars.
46
TABLE D-1
Steel bar designations and their English equivalent and metric sizes
(diameters)
Figure 1
12mm
167
D = 72
188
64
215
16mm
202
D = 96+
230
64
265
47
Figure 2.
Detail of one span RCB (Reinforced Concrete Beam) with four rebars
48
Figure 3.
SQUARE RECTANGULAR
ISOMETRY ISOMETRY
Kinds of Loads
Kinds of Walls
Walls are important components of a building; they may be made of
wood, or concrete.
49
SELF CHECK # 2.2
50
OPERATION SHEET # 2.2
Procedure:
From the plan, indicate the measurement of the floor to be provided with
concrete slab. Refer to the table for standard specifications for
reinforcement bars. For this the rebars sizes would be 12mmØ spaced at
0.20 or center bothways as this is a two-way slab.
51
2. The students will decide if they are going to draw the framing on the
whole plan or select only a portion wherein to draw a detail section of
the rebars on the floor and the floor beam
10mmφ Rebars
@ 0.20 O.C.
Both ways
52
3. Draw the detail plan of the section of the two-way concrete slab by
indicating the distances of the bars from both sides of the floor beam
4. Draw the detail longitudinal section of the two-way concrete slab and
indicate the position and bend of the tension bar.
53
5. Label the drawing and finalize it by writing down specifications of rebars
and their distance.
54
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.3
Lumber
1. Strong material
2. Durable
3. Light in weight
4. Ease of working and fastening
5. With artistic and natural beauty
Wood has some advantages over that of steel that most people prefer to
use it despite that it has become costly and scarce.
Measuring Lumber.
The board foot is the unit of measure for measuring wood. It means
one square foot of wood one inch thick or 1444 cw. Meters.
55
The formula for board foot is:
Thickness is inches
Width in inches
Length is in feet
12”
12”
1”
1. Girders
2. Floor joist
3. Joist bridging
4. Wood plate
5. Header
6. Trimmer
7. Beam
8. Flooring
9. Stop plate
10. Ledger strip
56
The girder is a beam from wall to wall and supports the floor joist.
They may either be solid or built girder.
57
A trimmer carries an end portion of a header in a stairwell while a header
supports the cut-off joist at a stairwell hole. The flooring refers to the tongue
and groove wood common as flooring materials.
58
SELF CHECK # 2.3
I. Instruction. Identify the following. Use a separate sheet for your answer.
II. Compute for the board feet of the following lumber or wood.
1. Find the total number of Bdft. For 10pcs 2” x 4” x 12’ to be used for
rafters.
59
OPERATION SHEET # 2.3
Procedure
60
61
62
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.4
63
64
A butterfly roof is a two shed roof and a conical roof is a steep circular
roof that tapers to a point.
1. Rafter type
2. Truss type
3. Laminated
1. Common rafter
2. Hip rafter
3. Valley rafter
4. Octagonal rafter
5. Jack rafters
Common rafters extend at right angles from the plate to the ridge.
Hip Rafters are laid diagonally from the corners of a plate to the ridge.
Valley rafter doesn’t extend from the plate or girts to the ridge.
Jack rafter is the frame between the hip rafter and the girt.
1. Valley jack is the frame between the ridge and the valley rafter.
2. Cripple jack is that between the hip and valley rafter.
3. Octagonal rafters are those placed on an octagonal.
65
The Truss
a. Pitched truss
b. Howe truss
c. Scissor truss
d. Raised chord truss
e. Saw tooth
f. 1 ½ storey frame
g. Utility
h. Flat
i. Bow string
a. Howe truss
b. Belgian truss
c. Fink truss
d. Pratt truss
e. Scissors truss
f. Cambered truss
66
g. Saw tooth truss
h. Flat pratt truss
i. Flat howe truss
j. Warren truss
67
SELF CHECK # 2.4
68
OPERATION SHEET # 2.4
1. From the floor plan shown, determine extent of roof eave and draft the
2. Locate position of main truss and secondary trusses, hip trusses and
rafters
69
70
71
OPERATION SHEET # 2.4.1
Procedure:
1. Determine length of bottom chord from end of wall. Add the width of
the eaves.
2. Determine rise of truss. Normally for hip gable is 1.80
3. Draft the truss diagram and the location of the queen post and web
member.
4. Determine thickness of lumber to be used. Normally, timbertruss
bottom chord is 2” X 5” and top chord is 2” x 6”
5. Darken lines and label the drawing.
72
TRUSSES – 1
SCALE 1.50M.
73
74
75
76
77
78
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.5
The stair has the steps wherein to ascend or descend from one storey
to another. It is the most intricate part of the dwelling unit to build. Not all
carpenters have the skill to construct one; those who have the knowledge in
the use of the steel square are a cut above the rest.
In laying out the stair, the planner must study a cross sectional
drawing of the proposed stair that comprises the stringer, tread, riser, the
run and the rise. After you have known the number of tread and the height
per rise of the steps, the length of the stringer could be determined by the
formula!
L = ( Rise ) 2 + (Run) 2
Parts of a Stair
79
PARTS OF THE STAIR
80
LAYING OUT THE WOODEN STAIR
81
A DETAIL OF A STAIR CONNECTION ON CONCRETE
FLOOR AND TIMBER FLOOR
82
83
84
85
86
SELF-CHECK # 2.5
Drafting a stair
Direction: Fill in the blank with the correct answer. Use a separate sheet
of paper.
87
OPERATION SHEET # 2.5
Procedure
88
3. If the result is a fraction or decimal, it is not right and adjust to a
whole number next lower or greater.
4. Divide the rise by the number to determine height per rise of each
step.
5. Chose the number of step which will not be less than 17 cm nor more
than 19 centimeters for an ideal stair.
89
ASSESSMENT RESOURCES
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the
corresponding
pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
90
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.
Lettering/Labeling
15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and legibly
printed.
10 pts. - Aieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.
91
ANSWER KEY # 1.1
A.
1. Stake
2. Batter board
3. Level
4. Water Hose (plastic)
5. String/chord
B.
1. soil bearing capacity failure
2. deflection of the foundation
3. distortion of the soil
4. compression of the soil
92
ANSWER KEY # 1.2
A.
1. Wall footing
2. Foundation
3. Isolated
4. Slab Foundation
5. Load Bearing Wall
B.
1. a. Load bearing wall
b. Non bearing wall
2. a. Live load
b. Dead Load
c. Wind Load
3. a. Wall footing
b. Isolated
c. Combined
d. Cantilever
e. Continuous
f. Mat
g. Raft
4. a. Spread
b. Pile
c. Pier
d. Slab
e. T-Foundation
f. Matt
93
ANSWER KEY # 2.1
I.
1. Admixture
2. Cement
3. Concrete
4. Beam
5. Floor system
6. One way slab
7. Reinforced Concrete
8. Short Column
9. Joseph Aydin
10. Inclined Slab
II.
1. a. Slump Test
b. Compression Test
2. a. tied column
b. spiral column
c. composite column
d. combined column
e. lally column.
94
ANSWER KEY # 2.2
I.
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. False
10. True
II.
1. a. welding
b. tying
c. sleeve
d. by mechanical devices
2. a. lapping
b. direct and bearing
c. welding
d. by mechanical devices.
95
ANSWER KEY # 2.3
I.
1. Boardfoot
2. Wood
3. Girder
4. Trimmer
5. Artificial seasoning
II.
96
ANSWER KEY # 2.4
I.
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. F
6. T
7. T
8. T
9. F
10. F
II.
1.
a. rafter type
b. truss type
c. laminated type
2.
a. common rafter
b. hip rafter
c. valley rafter
d. octagonal rafter
e. jack rafter
97
ANSWER KEY # 2.5
1. landing
2. stair
3. riser
4. winders
5. cut
6. tread
7. run
8. cleated
9. stairwell
10.pitch
98
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Marikina Hotel
Marikina City
May 25-30, 2009
June 5-7, 2009
Technology Writers
Mario S. Gregorio
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
Region XI
Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon
Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region IV-A, Calabarzon
Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Conrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Region I
Rolando V. Inay
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila
99
Percival B. Magaway
Cabarroquis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroguis, Quirino
English Teacher
Mercy F. Divina
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila
Math Teacher
Emmanuel V. Dionisio
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Science Teacher
Editorial Specialist
Beatriz A. Adriano
Principal IV
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Carolina F. Chavez
Principal II
Muntinlupa Business High School
Facilitator
100
i
Math Specialist
Jesus L. Huenda
Senior Education Specialist
DepED-NCR
Encoders
101
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS
Module No.: 3 Module Title: Drafting Electrical and Electronic Layout and
Details
Table of Contents
The learning activity page gives the sequence of the learning task. This
page serves as the road map in achieving the desired objectives.
When you are able to accomplish all the tasks required, a post
assessment is given to check if you are already competent with the specified
learning outcome/s and ready for the next task.
INTRODUCTION:
One must realize that electrical and electronic drafting is one of the
most rapidly evolving technologies of the modern age. Electrical drafting is
the transmission and use of electrical power, whether for industry, business
or home. Typical components are generators, controls, transmission of
networks, lighting, heating and cooling systems. Electronic drafting involves
circuits of products such as radios, TVs, guidance system, radars,
computers and others.
1
TECHNICAL TERMS
2
Service drop are overhead service conductors between the last pole or other
aerial support to and including the slicer, if any, to the service entrance
conductors at the building walls, where joined by tap or splice to the service
drop.
Service raceway is a rigid metal conductor, electrical metallic tubing, or
other raceway, that encloses the service entrance conductors.
Switch: General use switch is a switch intended for use in general
distribution and branch circuits. It is rated in ampere, and it is capable of
interrupting its rated current at its rated voltage.
Switchboard is a large single panel, frame or assembly of panels, on which
are mounted on the face or back or both switches, over-current and other
protective devices; buses and usually instruments.
Utilization equipment is equipment which utilizes electric energy for
mechanical, chemical heating, lighting, or similar useful purposes.
Voltage to the ground is the voltage between the given conductor and the
conductor which is grounded.
Weatherproof refers to the state of being so constructed or protected that
exposure to the weather will not interfere its successful operation.
3
Program/Course : Drafting Technology
Assessment Criteria:
References:
Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture Drafting and Design, Mcgraw hill
Book Co. 1987
Maton, Anthea and Hopkins, Jean. Physical Science, Prentice Hall Book Co.,
1995
4
LEARNING EXPERIENCES/ ACTIVITIES
5
Answer Self Check No. 2.2
Compare your Answer to the
Answer Key 2.2
8. Read Information Sheet No.
2.3
Perform Operation Sheet 2.3
Answer Self Check No. 2.3
Compare your Answer to the
Answer Key 2.3
6
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1
Electric Charge
7
Resistance of the object depends on four factors: 1) length, 2)
cross-sectional area, 3) resistivity of material and 4) temperature.
Cross-sectional
area
Material
Temperature
Ohm’s Law
Although the three electrical quantities: current, voltage and
resistance, are used differently, they are related to each other. This
relationship is known as Ohm’s Law . It is stated as, current is directly
proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the
resistance. It is expressed by the equation:
V V
I = R from this equation , V -= IR and R = I
8
Alternating current (AC) is the movement (or flow) of electric charge
which periodically in reverses direction. An electric charge for instance
would move forward, then backward, and vice versa. In direct current (DC),
the movement or flow of electric charge is only in one direction. Audio and
radio signals carried on electrical wires are examples of alternating current.
Electrical Circuits
There are two types of circuits, namely series circuit and parallel
circuit. A series circuit has two or more loads but current flows through a
single conducting path, while a parallel circuit has more than one path for
current to flow.
9
OPERATION SHEET # 1.1
Direction: Based on what you have learned today, connect the bulbs, switch
and dry cell in series and parallel circuits.
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
10
SELF CHECK # 1.1
Test I.
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.
Write true if the statement is correct, if not, change the underlined word/
words to make the statement correct.
11
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2
Electrical Legend
Service Entrance
M Meco Meters
Panel Board
Circuit Breaker
Eaves Light
EL
PL Pin light
Convenience outlet
12
Range outlet
R
T Telephone outlet
Circuit Homerun
1. The electrical works shall comply with all the provisions of the
Philippine Electrical Code and with the rules and regulations of local
power company.
2. Unless otherwise specified, wiring shall be done with PVC pipe or local
made; minimum size shall be ½ "Ø trade sizes.
3. Electric meters installed by the power utility company are supplied
and installed by the power utility company.
4. The Philippine Electrical Code provides that only professional
engineers can sign electrical plans.
5. Samples of materials to be used shall be submitted to the
construction engineering office for approval before execution of the
work.
6. Smallest size of the wire to be used shall be 12TW wire unless
otherwise specified.
7. The minimum size of electric wire for service entrance is number 8
AWG.
13
OPERATION SHEET # 1.2
SERIES CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
14
SELF-CHECK # 1.2
1. 6.
2. 7. R
3. 8.
A.C.
4. M 9. S
5. 10.
15
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.3
Lighting
Planning for sufficient lighting involves the light, eye and the object.
Whether planning lighting for a residence or for a large commercial building,
the same design factors must be considered. One must consider how much
light is needed, what type has the best quality and how should the light be
distributed.
16
Light Measurements
Lighting Methods
Electrical Fixtures
The average two-bedroom home should have between 24 and 35 light
fixtures. It should also have from 16 to 20 floor, table or wall lamps.
There are three groups of light fixtures namely, ceiling fixtures, wall fixtures
and portable plug-ins.
17
General Rules to Observe in Illumination Planning
18
6. The entrance and hallway require a high level of general and
decorative lighting.
7. Traffic areas require a high level of general lighting for safety.
8. Television viewing requires a very low level of general lighting.
Television should not be viewed in the dark because the strong
contrasts of dark room and bright screen are tiring to the eyes.
9. Reading and desk areas require a high level of general light and
specific light that is diffused and glareless. There should be no
shadow.
10. Outdoor lighting is accomplished by waterproof floodlights and
spotlights. Extensive outdoor lighting will provide convenience, beauty
and safety. Areas that could be illuminated are the landscaping, game
areas, barbecue area, patio, garden, front of picture window, pools and
driveways.
19
OPERATION SHEET # 1.3
20
SELF CHECK # 1.3
IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify the attribute being described by each statement. Choose
from the pool of words below. Write your answer on a sheet of paper.
21
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.4
22
Wiring
Service parts include all the wiring and apparatus needed to bring
electricity into building. Branch circuits distribute the electricity
throughout the structure.
Wire used in both service and branch circuit is made of one or more
strands of metal, either copper or aluminum and covered with a flexible
plastic insulation. The size of the wire used in an electric circuit depends on
the current to be carried by the circuit.
The heart of the Cir-Kit Concepts' electrical system is the flat, pressure-
sensitive and adhesively-backed conductive tape used for wiring. It
eliminates entirely the need for round wire and may be installed in a fraction
of the time of a conventional system.. A super strong adhesive applied
across the entire width of the tape ensures a positive grip on any wood
surface. The thinness of the tape allows easy masking with one or two coats
of paint and produces a completely hidden installation when covered with
wallpaper.
23
In a departure from conventional wiring techniques the adhesive-tape
approach as employed by Cir-Kit Concepts requires absolutely no electrical
soldering. Corners are created either by cutting and using tiny brass brads
for electrical connection at the overlap points or by corner folding.
Whichever procedure is used, only commonly available hand tools are
required for installation.
Conductors
The standard of wire and cable industry is the American Wire Gauge(AWG).
All the wire sizes up to No. 0000 (also written No. 4/0) are expressed in
AWG. The smaller the AWG number the larger the size. (Applies only to
round conductors).
When large conductors are not circular in cross section, they are usually
made solid and are referred to as busbars. Bus is normally constructed
using solid copper or aluminum and when assembled with other bars in a
metal housing then it becomes bus duct or busway.
Metallic conduits
The code requires that all wiring be enclosed in rigid metallic conduit.
In the special case of environments that are severely corrosive or when
mechanical injury is impossible, use of non-metallic conduit is permitted.
24
Boxes and Cabinets
Types of Boxes
25
Rules in Planning the Electrical System
Power is supplied to a building via the service drop. Three heavy wires
together are called the drop that extends from the utility pole or an
underground source to the structure.
26
Circuit Protective Devices
There are two types of circuit protective devices which are commonly
used:
1. Fuse. It is made of thin strip of metal used for safety because when
the current flowing through it becomes too high, it melts and breaks
the flow of electricity. It consists of an alloy link or wire of relatively
low melting temperature which when enclosed in an insulating fiber
tube is called a cartridge fuse, and when in a porcelain cup is known
as plug fuse.
2. Circuit breaker. It is an electromechanical device which performs the
same protective function as a fuse and also acts as a switch. It is a
reusable device that protects a circuit from becoming overloaded
Switches
27
Switch board and switchgear
Panel Board
28
SELF CHECK # 1.4
29
INFORMATION SHEET # 1.5
30
Sample Single Line Riser Diagram
31
OPERATION SHEET # 1.5
Procedure:
32
3. Determine and draw the locations of switches.
33
SELF CHECK # 1.5
Direction: From the given floor plan complete the electrical layout by
connecting the electrical fixtures.
34
Program/Course : Drafting Technology
Assessment Criteria:
1. Fire alarm and protection system are laid out according to the Fire
Code of the Philippines.
References:
Donald Hepler, Paul Wallach. Architecture Drafting and Design, Mcgraw hill
Book Co. 1987
Maton, Anthea and Hopkins, Jean. Physical Science, Prentice Hall Book Co.
1995
35
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1
Introduction
Telephone outlet
Push buttons
Buzzer
Bell
36
Combination Bell Buzzer
CH Chime
Annunciator
T Bell-Ringing Transformer
Interconnection Box
Outside Telephone
Interconnecting Telephone
R Radio Outlet
TV Television Outlet
F Fire alarm
37
SELF CHECK # 2.1
1.
2. F
3.
4.
5. TV
6.
7. R
8.
9.
10.
38
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.2
SMOKE DETECTORS
WHICH TYPE?
IONIZATION PHOTOELECTRIC
39
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
GUIDELINES:
40
predetermined temperature has been reached. Fire sprinklers can be
automatic or open orifice. Automatic fire sprinklers operate at a
predetermined temperature, utilizing a fusible element, a portion of which
melts, or a frangible glass bulb containing liquid which breaks. It allows the
plug to be pushed out of the orifice by the water pressure in the fire
sprinkler piping, resulting in water flow from the orifice.
Key elements
41
A diagram of a residential fire alarm system
Fire safety refers to precautions that are taken to prevent or reduce the
possibility of a fire that may result in death, injury, or property damage. It
alert those in a structure of the presence of fire in the event one occurs. It
also enables those threatened by fire to survive, or to reduce the damage
caused by fire.
Fire safety measures include those that are planned during the
construction of a building or implemented in structures that are already
standing, and those that are taught to occupants of the building.
Threats to fire safety are referred to as fire hazards. A fire hazard may
include a situation that increases the likelihood a fire may start or may
impede escape in the event a fire occurs.
42
OPERATION SHEET # 2.2
Direction: Locate and draw the position of fire alarm system on the given
diagram.
43
3. Locate the position of both (fire alarms and smoke detectors)
44
SELF CHECK # 2.2
2. It discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, and
when a predetermined temperature has been reached.
a. Fire detector b. Smoke detector
c. Fire extinguisher d. Fire sprinkle
45
INFORMATION SHEET # 2.3
Cable Television
This figure shows a basic cable modem system that consists of a head end
(television receivers and cable modem system), distribution lines with amplifiers,
and cable modems that connect to customers' computers. This diagram shows that
the cable television operator's head end system contains both analog and digital
television channel transmitters that are connected to customers through the
distribution lines.
46
Intercommunication Device
47
Digital intercoms use Category 5 cable and relay information back and
forth in data packets using the Internet protocol architecture.
Doorbell
48
Building Management Systems
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Hardware
program Software
Consists program
of Consists
of
Computer –based control system C - bus
Profibus
Controls and
monitors building
mechanical and
Power Ventilation
electrical equipment
systems systems
Security systems
manage the environment within the building and may control temperature,
most BMS systems, it controls heating and cooling, manages the systems
that distribute this air throughout the building (for example by operating
in outside air with waste air to increase the amount of oxygen while also
49
Systems linked to a BMS typically represent 40% of a building's
configured BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy
systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS, for example, if a
fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation
system. This stops smoke from spreading and send all the elevators to the
ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event
of a fire.
50
Sample of an auxiliary electrical plan.
51
OPERATION SHEET # 2.3
Direction:
52
SELF CHECK # 2.3
Direction:
53
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total
Performance Criteria:
Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
Neatness
25 pts. - No errors made on the output.
20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.
Lettering/Labeling
54
ANSWER KEY # 1.1
Test I.
1. current
2. Ampere
3. voltage
4. charge
5. V
6. resistance
7. R
8. ohm
9. Ohm’s Law
10.electrical power
Test II.
1. close
2. true
3. insulators
4. true
5. series circuit
55
ANSWER KEY # 1.2
Test II.
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. B
56
ANSWER KEY# 1.3
Test I. Identification
1. Incandescent lamps
2. Fluorescent lamps
3. footcandle
4. lux
5. General lighting
6. Decorative lighting
7. Specific (local) lighting
8. 10-20 footcandles (108 to 215 lx)
9. 20-30 footcandles (215 to 320 lx)
10.70-200 footcandles (750 to 2150 lx)
57
ANSWER KEY# 1.4
1. e
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. b
1. transformers
2. switchboards
3. panel boards
4. large switches
5. circuit breakers
6. fuse
7. circuit breake
8. outlet boxe
9. junction boxes
10. pull boxes
58
ANSWER KEY # 1.5
59
ANSWER KEY# 2.1
Direction: Identification
1. Buzzer
2. Fire Alarm
3. Interconnection Box
4. Bell
5. Television outlet
6. Telephone outlet
7. Radio outlet
8. Combination bell buzzer
9. Outside telephone
10. Interconnecting telephone
60
ANSWER KEY# 2.2
Multiple Choice
1. b
2. d
3. a
4. b
5. a
61
ANSWER KEY # 2.3
Direction:
62
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Marikina Hotel
Marikina City
May 25-30, 2009
June 5-7, 2009
July 1-5, 2009
Technology Writers
Mario S. Gregorio
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
Region XI
Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon
Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region IV-A, Calabarzon
Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Conrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Region I
Rolando V. Inay
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila
63
English Teacher
Mercy F. Divina
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila
Math Teacher
Emmanuel V. Dionisio
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan
Science Teacher
Editorial Specialist
Beatriz A. Adriano
Principal III
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
Carol F. Chavez
Principal I
Muntinlupa Business High School
Facilitator
Orlando E. Manuel
Principal I
Cabarroquis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroquis, Quirino
Math Specialist
Jesus L. Huenda
Senior Education Specialist
DepED-NCR
64
Encoders
Percival B. Magaway
Cabarroquis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroquis, Quirino
65