PHYSICAL SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE

Krusty Krabs Breath Mints

Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad
breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with
a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a
breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received
a breath mint after they finished the sandwich; however, it was just a regular breath mint and
did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath
mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty
customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they
normally had after eating crabby patties.

1. Which group of people are in the control group?

2. What is the independent variable?

3. What is the dependent variable?

4. What should Mr. Krabs’ conclusion be?

Converting Between Metric Units

1) 4.42 meters to centimeters _________ 11) 20.28 grams to milligrams _________

2) 264,700 centimeters to meters _______
3) 1.53 meters to millimeters _________
4) 641,400 millimeters to meters _______
5) 21.77 kilometers to meters _________
6) 552 meters to megameters _________
7) 44.9 centimeters to millimeters _______
8) 4,211 millimeters to micrometers _____
9) 52.33 liters to milliliters ____________
10) 6,473 nanoliters to liters ___________
12) 159,900 milligrams to grams _______
13) 94.09 Gigagrams to grams ________
14) 30,080 grams to kilograms _________
15) 123.53 meters to centimeters _______
16) 820,600 centimeters to meters ______
17) 41.44 meters to millimeters ________
18) 199,300 millimeters to meters ______
19) 1.38 kilometers to meters _________
20) 474 meters to kilometers __________

Write the electron configuration and combine the following pairs of elements (use the lewis
structure), label the anion and cation and write the formula and name:
Al + O Na + P
Ca + C Li + S
Mg + N
Section A: The Definition of the Notation (Decimal => Scientific)

Write the follwing numbers in scientific notation.

1. 1001 6. 0.13592
2. 53 7. -0.0038
3. 6,926,300,000 8. 0.00000013
4. -392 9. -0.567
5. 0.00361

Section B: Converting Back (Scientific => Decimal)

1. 1.92 x 103 6. 1.03 x 10-2

2. 3.051x101 7. 8.862 x 10-1
3. -4.29 x 102 8. 9.512 x 10-8
4. 6.251 x 109 9. -6.5 x 10-3
5. 8.317 x 106 10. 3.159 x 102

Section C: Multiplication, Division and ... with Scientific Notation

Use Scientific Notation (and only the scientific notation!) to find the answer to the following
multiplictions, divisions, additions.

1. 4.1357 x 10-15 . 5.4 x 102 = ?

2. 1.695 x 104 ÷ 1.395 x 1015 = ?

3. 4.367 x 105 . 1.96 x 1011 = ?

4. 6.97 x 103 . 2.34 x 10-6 + 3.2 x 10-2= ?

5. 5.16 x 10-4 ÷ 8.65 x 10-8 + 9.68 x 104 = ?

Physical and Chemical Changes and Properties of Matter Worksheet

Classify the following as chemical change (cc), chemical property (cp), physical change
(pc), or physical property (pp).

1. _____ Heat conductivity 8. _____ Combustible

2. _____ Silver tarnishing 9. _____ Water freezing
3. _____ sublimation 10. _____ Wood burning
4. _____ magnetizing steel 11. _____ Acid resistance
5. _____ length of metal object 12. _____ Brittleness
6. _____ shortening melting 13. _____ Milk souring
7. _____ exploding dynamite 14. _____ baking bread
Identify the following as being true or false to the left of the sentence.

_____ 15. A change in size or shape is a physical change.

_____ 16. A chemical change means a new substance with new properties was formed.
_____ 17. An example of a chemical change is when water freezes.
_____ 18. When platinum is heated, then cooled to its original state, we say this is a physical
change.
_____ 19. When milk turns sour, this is a physical change because a change in odor does not
indicate a chemical change.
_____ 20. When citric acid and baking soda mix, carbon dioxide is produced and the
temperature decreases. This must be a chemical change.

Identify each of the following as a physical or chemical change.

21. _____ You leave your bicycle out in the rain and it rusts.

22. _____ A sugar cube dissolves.

23. _____ Scientist break-up water into oxygen and hydrogen gas.

24. _____ Burning coal for a barbecue.

25. ______ Trimming a bush because it has grown too tall.

Classify each of the following substances as an element, a compound, a solution

(homogenous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture.

1. Sand 2. Salt 3. Pure Water

4. Soil 5. Soda just opened 6. Pure air

7. Carbon Dioxide 8. Gold 9. Brass

10. Oxygen 11. Italian Salad Dressing 12. Salt Water

13. Raisin Bran 14. Silver 15. Lithium Iodide

16. Apple Pie 17. Kool Aid 18. Sugar Water

19. Chocolatechip Cookie 20. Gatorade 21. Gold

22. tacos 23.Lead 24. Ceasar Salad

25. Calcium 26. Whole Milk 27. Skim Milk

28. hydrogen peroxide 29. Potassium 30. Sugar

31. Raisin Bran Cereal with Milk 32. Raisin Bran Cereal without Milk
Identify each of the following as an example of a physical property or a chemical property.

1. Silver tarnishes when it comes in contact with hydrogen sulfide in the air.

2. A banana is yellow.

3. A sheet of copper can be pounded into a bowl.

4. Barium melts at 725 C.

5. Gasoline is flammable.

6. A diamond is the hardest natural substance.

7. Helium does not react with any other element.

8. A bar of lead is more easily bent than is a bar of aluminum of the same size.

9. Potassium metal is kept submerged in oil to prevent contact with oxygen or water.

10. An apple will turn brown is left in oxygen.

11. Diamond dust can be used to cut or grind most other materials.

12. Acid in tomato sauce can corrode aluminum foil.

13. Rocks containing carbonates can be identified because they fizz when
hydrochloric acid is applied.

14. A piece of charcoal, which is mostly the substance carbon, glows red, gives off
heat, and becomes a gray ash.

Gas Laws
1. 1. TRUE or FALSE. According to Charles Law, if you have a balloon inside a car at
noon during a hot summer day the balloon molecules inside will increase in pressure.
A.True
B.False
Explain your answer
2. In a nitrogen gas occupies has a volume of 500ml at a pressure of 0.971atm.What
volumewill the gas occupy at a pressure of 1.50 atm, assuming the temperature remains
constant?

4. Gas pressure is caused by

A.Gas molecules heating up
B.Gas molecules reacting with other gas molecules
C.Gas molecules hitting the walls of a container
D.Gas molecules hitting other gas molecules

5. At a pressure of 5.0 atmospheres, a sample of gas occupies 40. liters. What volume will the
same sample occupy at 1.0 atmosphere?

7. 1. A sample of argon has a volume of 0.43 mL at 299K. At what temperature in

degrees Celsius will it have a volume of 1 mL.

8.

Each of these flasks contains the same number of molecules. In which container is the
pressure highest?
Explain your answer
10. 1. Assuming that the temperature remains constant. How can you increase the
pressure of a gas?

11. In a closed container at 1.0 atmosphere, the temperature of a sample of gas is raised from
300 K to 400 K. What will be the final pressure of the gas?

12. At constant pressure and 25 °C a sample of gas occupies 4.5 liters. At what temperature
will the gas occupy 9.0 liters?

14.

Each of these flasks contains the same number of gas molecules. In which would the
pressure be lowest?

15. 1. Neon gas has a volume of 2,000ml with an atm of 1.8 however the pressure
decreased to 1.3atm what is now the volume of the neon gas?

Explain your answer

19. A small sample of helium gas occupies 6 mL at a temperature of 250 K. At what
temperature does the volume expand to 9 mL?

51. What are valence electrons?

52. If a gas has a volume of 1 L at a pressure of 2700 mmHg, What volume will it have when
the pressure is increased to 5400 mmHg?

53. What is the difference between Thomson’s atomic model and Rutherford’s atomic
model?

55. What is the fourth period liquid element?

56. Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal. To fluorine’s immediate right in the periodic table
is neon, a noble gas that does not form chemical bonds. Explain this contrast in reactivity in
terms of atomic structure.

57. Combine these two elements, draw the Lewis structure: Mg + N

45.__________What is the sixth period noble gas?

46. __________ What is the first period s block element with the greatest atomic weight?
48. __________ How many valence electrons does astatine have?
49. __________ What is the group 1 gas?
50. __________ What is the fourth period liquid?
52. __________ What is the fifth period transition element with the fewest protons?
53. __________ What is the halogen that is a liquid at room temperature?
55. __________ What is the nonmetal with the greatest atomic weight?
56. __________ What is the chalcogen with the fewest protons?
57. __________ What is the period 5 element with the second greatest atomic weight?
58. ____________________ This group contains a metal, metalloid and non-metals.
59. ______________ The elements in this group are harder and denser than the alkali metals.
60. ____________________ This term refers to elements that have properties of both metals
and non-metals.
61. ____________________ This group has a one valence electron.
62. ____________________ This group contains solid, liquid & gaseous elements at room
temperature.
63. ____________________ This group of elements loses 2 electrons when they form ions.
64. ____________________ These elements are metals with high electrical conductivity.
66. ____________________ This group contains the most reactive non-metals.
67. ____________________ The elements in this group are inert.
68. ____________________ All of the members in this family are gases.
69. ____________________ ____________________ These two series of elements are
known as Rare Earth elements.

Complete the following chart and answer the questions below.

Element Atomic Number of Number of

Mass Number
Name Number Protons Neutrons

carbon 12

8 8

hydrogen 1
 6 14

hydrogen 2

nitrogen 14

1 2

92 146

cesium 82

11 12

47 108

tungsten 110

45 80

24 52

89 152

silver 107

76 114

How are the atomic number and the number of protons related to each other?

How do the number of protons, number of neutrons, and the mass number relate to each other?

What is the one thing that determines the identity of an atom (that is, whether it is an oxygen atom or
a carbon atom, etc.)?

Graph this information

Think about the activities you do every day, and write how many hours you spend in every
activity, then put that information in a table and graph it in a pie graph.

Activity Hours Percentage

Compare the prices of different phones and graph the information in a bar graph.
Write the answer with the appropriate number of significant figures