FTM18 dynamic shear

scope sample preparation

This method is designed to determine the resistance of an Laminate the aluminium foil or the polyester on the front
adhesive coated label stock on a standardised surface, to of the sample. Then cut five test pieces of 12.7 ± 0.1 mm
shear at a constant speed. width and at least 50 mm length in the machine direction.

definition procedure
Dynamic shear is defined as the maximum force per unit
width required to remove the adhesive coated label stock
from a specified area in the direction parallel to the surface.

principle
A test piece is partly adhered to a test panel under
controlled pressure. A constant speed of deformation
is applied to the free end of the test piece in the length
direction of the test piece. The adhesive layer resists
this deformation. This resisting force grows during the
increased deformation of the adhesive, until the adhesive
cannot follow the deformation anymore and starts to fail.
The maximum force during the test is measured.
test equipment
An electronic tensile tester with capability of jaw separation
with an accuracy of 1% or better. The movable grip should
be capable of being driven at a rate of 5.0 mm/min.
An accurate cutting device to cut test pieces conforming to
the required dimensions.
Flat stainless steel panels of at least 50 mm x 50 mm, with
two scribed lines over the total width of the panel: one at
12.7 mm and one at 25 mm as indicated in figure 1.
Rubber covered steel roller as described in FTM 1;
Automatic rolling device is strongly recommended.
Aluminium foil or polyester coated with a permanent
(pressure sensitive) adhesive to eliminate elongation
effects in the front material of the sample. The
overlaminating film to withstand 100 Newton.
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Prior to testing, clean five test panels thoroughly with
n-heptane.
Slowly remove the backing from a test piece.
Gently place the test piece in the middle of the panel,
without applying pressure. The small edge of the test piece
shall be placed against the scribed line, at 12.7 mm from
the edge of the panel as shown in the next picture:
Cover the adhesive of the free part of the test piece with a
strip of material. Do not use siliconised material, to prevent
slip in the grips. Support the free part of the test piece with
an extra panel and roll down the test piece with the roller,
twice in each direction with a speed of 10 mm/s, without
applying any additional pressure. An automatic rolling
device is strongly recommended.
Set the tensile tester to the following conditions:
• initial distance between the grips: 40 mm
• grip separation speed: 5 mm/min
After a dwell time of 20 ± 2 minutes, the test panel shall
be placed in the fixed grip of the tensile tester. The bottom

of the grip shall be in line with the scribed line at 25 mm.

test conditions
23°C ±2°C and 50% RH ± 5% RH. The samples shall be
conditioned for at least 4 hours before testing.
In case of the fixed grip is connected to the load cell: set
the force reading of the tensile tester to zero, to adjust for
the weight of the panel. Move the lower grip to its starting

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position and tighten the free end of the test piece firmly
to prevent slipping. Start the tensile tester and wait until
panel and construction are completely separated. Record
the maximum force during this test and the mode of failure
for each test piece individually. The codes for the failures
modes are listed below.
Failure description code
CP Clear Panel - no visible stain on panel.
PS Panel Stain - discoloration of test area,
but no tacky residue.
CF Cohesive Failure - the adhesive film is split during
the test, leaving residue of adhesive on both the
panel and the front material.
AT Adhesive Transfer - the adhesive separates cleanly
from the front material, leaving adhesive film
on the test panel.
The approximate extent of transfer should be
quoted as percentage
results
Calculate and report the mean value as well as the
standard deviation of the maximum forces in Newton
per 12.7 mm width (N/12.7 mm). Also report the failure
code in case the same failure mode occurred for all five
measurements. In case different failure modes occurred,
calculate and report the mean, standard deviation and
number of measurements for each code individually
(results with failure codes CP and PS can be combined).
repeatability
The variance coefficient for five measurements is about
3-6%.
remarks
The relationship between shear force and test area is
curvilinear. The standard deviation increases with the width
of test piece.
notes
1. The test plates must be thoroughly cleaned so that no
trace of adhesive, grease, silicone or moisture is left
on the surface. The following solvents can be used to
clean the test plates:
• Diacetone alcohol non-residual,
technical grade or better
• Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK)
• Acetone
• Methanol 95%
• n-Heptane
• Ethyl Acetate
The cleaning material must be absorbent, e.g. surgical
gauze, cotton wool or tissue. To be suitable, materials
must be lint-free during use, absorbent, contain no
additives that are soluble in the solvents listed above,
and made exclusively from virgin materials.
Dispense one of the solvents listed above on to the
panel, wiping it to dryness with fresh absorbent
cleaning material. Repeat for a total of three washes
with the solvent. Final wipe shall be with MEK or
acetone.
Alternative methods which remove contamination
properly can be adopted, e.g. ultrasonic cleaning.
Prior to use, the cleaned plates should be left for 4
hours under standard test conditions. Care should be
taken to handle clean plates by the edge only.
2. Static (FTM8) and dynamic shear do not correlate.
3. Changes in speed and substrate need to be reported.
4. Panels of float glass can also be used.
Issued October 1995
Revised March 1999
Revised May 2001
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