B
A JUNGLE
E
When chaining is obstructed , but vision is
free
E F
POND
A C D B
Horizontal distance
CD = EF
When chaining is obstructed , but vision is
free
E
POND
A C D B
Horizontal distance
CD = (ED2 – CE2)1/2
When chaining is obstructed , but vision is
free
F
A B
E C
Horizontal distance
BF = EC
When chaining and vision are both
obstructed.
C1 D1 E1 F1
A C D E F B
Horizontal distance
DE = D1E1
Equipment is fairly cheap (except EDM)
Equipment is easy to maintain and adjust.
Distances are easy to measure
Very accurate results can be achieved
Measurement line needs to unobstructed
Errors occur and need to be managed or
minimized