Name: ROBERT OLIVER BRITO MATAMOROS

Teacher: Ing. ROBERTO CHANG

Technical Report

Abstract

The purpose of this report is to analyze the project of a tunnel through a header and the
excavation of a bank evaluating the faults that may be in the tunnel bank, considering the
depth and mineralization of the site, through a digital tool was evaluated the possible
cases of failure in the bank of interest.

Objetives

Understand the use of Dips Software by applying it in the use of stereographic projections,
use of software commands, interpretation and visualization of data and the kinematic
analysis of underground excavations to be able to determine the stability of the bench on
which the excavation of the tunnel will be done, analyzing its geomechanical
characteristics and possible failures.

Introduction

The rock that was found in the bank at the depth of 465 meters was limestone, which is a
rock formed by calcium carbonate, resistant to weathering, although water can be its main
enemy in terms of maintenance, usually its texture is fine to coarse granular.

For our case the limestone is quite fractured which leads to several considerations
regarding the location of the discontinuities in that limestone bank.

Being this our premise, we realize that we must bear in mind that a fracture rock mass is
highly anisotropic with respect to shear strength. All possible cases of occurrence must
then be studied, not only for cutting failures but for turning faults and faults in block or
family groups.

The Dips program will be used to enter the corresponding data and thus evaluate the
families of discontinuities that will show and evaluate the possible failures and if it is
possible to achieve the stability of the bank.

Analysis

We introduce the data in the Dips program in the Excel spreadsheet to later graph them
on the screen, followed by introducing the values to dip and dip direction for bench. It
can be noted that three main families of discontinuities are formed with their respective
densities. (Annex 1)

First, we evaluate the PLANAR SLIDING (Annex 3) which according to the results table
that is shown does not observe any pole that falls in the critical zone that is highlighted
with red, attached to this we can notice that the percentage of planar slip failure is of 0
percent.

For this analysis we considered a lateral limit of 30 degrees since the planar slip and its
probability are very low for this combination of slope and friction angle, also considered
lateral limits of 30 which is a prudential and optimal measure for the given case.

Next, we evaluate the fault by WEDGE SLIDING (Annex 3) The points that are graphed
in the image are the points of intersection that take place as two joint planes, these
represent the line of intersection of two planes, we have 52 (red) points of poles of the
4083 (blue) of the total which is a small amount and there would be no danger of sliding
by wedges. Additional we can see to be completely sure that there are no intersections
between the planes of discontinuities within the critical zone. This is another method to
determine if it opens by wedges.

Finally, we analyze the FLEXURAL TOPPLING (Annex 4) where we can see that just
one pole falls in the critical zone with respect to 92 points which tells us that the
probability of sliding by toppling is very low, for this case it was considered as lateral
limits 30 degrees which are those recommended by Godman.

CONCLUSIONS

 The bank analyzed is stable with the analyzed parameters.

 The slope and direction of the bank are optimal for excavation.
 There are minimal probabilities of sliding due to any of the faults analyzed

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Oyanguren y Monge (2004): Mecánica de Rocas: Fundamentos e Ingeniería de

Taludes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
 Lilio y Oyarzun (2013): Geología Estructural Aplicada a la Minería y Exploración
Minera Móstoles-España: Ediciones GEMM
ANNEXES

 ANNEX 1
 ANNEX 2

 ANNEX 3
 ANNEX 4