Diploma in information tech.

(Software)

DS - Database Systems
This module provides the skills to:

• develop single-table relational database applications using a database programming

language
• incorporate satisfactory user interface, password security features and the 'automation' of
standard queries and report generation procedures.
• develop software applications involving multiple-file databases, report generation and
integration of code modules from other languages.
• practice with typical computer based ‘tools’ used by professional programmers during the
software development process.
• Views and transaction processing.
• Static or embedded queries manipulated from code.

Pre-requisite: B402 Relational Database Design

Successfully completing this subject will result in a passing grade in 5 National Curriculum
modules. They are

ITAA401 - Introduction to SQL

ITA411 - Introduction to Database Programming

ITA414 - 4GL Programming 1

ITA415 - 4GL Programming 2

ITA505 - Relational Database Programming

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Introduction to SQL

Demonstrate

• The use of predicates, functions and calculations within a query.

• Sorting and grouping functions.
• Multi-table queries using different join properties
• Union queries on disparate tables.
• Insert, Update and Delete queries.
• Table, View and Index creation.
• Transaction processing.
• Snapshot, or cursor creation.
• The creation of views.
• The creation and management of database constraints.

Design a database application

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 • Organize the fields into a logical set of files, avoiding duplication of information.
• Identify any relations between files, if necessary adding a common field to link the related
files.
• Associate each item to be input or output with a legal field name.
• Create a table showing the fields to be used in the required forms and reports.
• Identify or add relational, search and output index key expressions.

Create a database using a relational database package.

• Create database files including field names, selecting suitable data types.
• Build a range of database indexes.
• Create physical relationships between the fields and associated database constraints
• Establish field and record filters.
• Demonstrate the use of system supplied and default values.

Design structured programs and procedures for controlling the database.

• Create forms for data input.

• Design task-specific, reusable procedures for tasks including generating reports,
performing searches and updating records, and validating input.
• Create reports for data output.
• Design a main program to set up the application environment, user menus, and initialize
variables.
• Design procedures and functions to be called from the main program.

Code and test the database application.

• Code the main program, procedures and functions.

• Demonstrate the use of memory variables and arrays.
• Create data validation constraints.
• Create menus for selection of options and windows in which to display data.
• Integrate pre-compiled code library functions and procedures.
• Design a password controlled security system to prevent unauthorized access.
• Make use of color and other appropriate display attributes.
• Demonstrate the use of suitable data formatting on application screens.
• Produce reports involving multi-level logical expressions across multiple files.
• Test and debug the code, including checking for boundaries and ranges.
• Comment and indent the code; including a complete description of all program and
procedure functions.
• Compile the source code using a built-in or third party compiler.

PM - Project Management
This module deals with the following topics:

• organising a structured meeting

• conducting a structured meeting
• taking minutes of a structured meeting
• develop communication skills to facilitate constructive repsonses to conflict in the
workplace
• use standard project management techniques to monitor and document their own or a
group’s project development work.

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 • use effective personnel management skills to co-ordinate and facilitate the roles of a
group of personnel working on a development project.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
ITD506
1.1 Define what a project is and the life cycle it undergoes.
1.2 Describe the three functions of project management, that is, planning, scheduling and controlling, and how
these contribute to the outcome of a project.
1.3 Describe the concept of total quality management.
2.1 Prepare accurate work breakdown charts from a task list.
2.2 Prepare accurate Gantt charts, including milestones from a task list.
2.3 Prepare accurate PERT charts, including critical path and slack and/or float, from a task list.
2.4 Use a range of tools that provide assistance in management of a project such as computer project management
software, electronic spreadsheets, white boards, magnetic boards, and graph paper.
3.1 Produce a project plan containing a prioritised task list for a given project.
3.2 Determine the estimated costs, duration and any additional resources required for each task in the project.
4.1 Document the outcome of the project by conducting a post project review, including such criteria as:

o meeting the original objectives(purpose).

o meeting the original requirements(performance, budget and time).
o project benefits compared with realised benefits.

4.2 Determine whether any further modifications are necessary.

4.3 Collect data and/or information for use in future projects.
ITD507
1.1 Identify and prioritise tasks within a project.
1.2 Identify required skills for individual tasks.
1.3 Perform job analysis of a specific position in a project team.
1.4 Construct a job description document.
1.5 Construct a job specification document.
2.1 Investigate the benefits of skill inventory in assisting with the selection of staff for a project.
2.2 Define the composition of a project team.
2.3 Allocate tasks to individual members in the project team.
2.4 Define the reporting structure within the project team.
3.1 Set specific measurable goals with each project team member.
3.2 Document members responsibilities and deadlines for deliverables, checkpoints and milestones.
3.3 Define monitoring/reporting strategy.
4.1 Establish performance appraisal procedures.
4.2 Develop performance counselling and performance appraisal time table.
4.3 Assign line-responsibilities for performance counselling.
4.4 Assign line-responsibilities for the formal performance appraisal interviews.
5.1 Identify a conflict situation.
5.2 Identify the players in the conflict situation.
5.3 Use negotiation techniques to achieve a ‘win-win’ situation.
NCS005
1.1 describe the signs of the potential or actual conflict
1.2 descrive the stage of the conflict particularly the progression and escalation of the conflict
1.3 describe the effect of attitudes, values, beliefs and actions of the participants in the conflict
1.4 describe the factors within the workplace which relate to the developing conflict
2.1 outline strategies which:
- provide options for responding constructively to the conflict
- enable established work relationships to continue
3.1 describe functions which effect the timing and environment for the interaction.
3.2 Use effective nonverbal and verbal communication including:
- body language
- questioning
- language style
- active listening
- reflecting
3.3 Give feedback assertively and receive it non defensively.
NCS012
1.1 A proposal describing the arrangements for a structured meeting with at least 6 members will be submitted. This
should consider the purpose behind the meeting.
1.2 The agenda of at least 6 items should be prepared & submitted.
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1.3 Venue & physical arrangements will need to be organised appropriately.
1.4 The meeting will need to be structured according to the conventions & procedures of a specific organisation
1.5 A consideration of appropriate stakeholders of the agenda items to be discussed will need to be identified
2.1 Meeting conventions & processes appropriate to a specific organisation will need to be used
2.2 Appropriate strategies to facilitate the meetings’ objectives should be used
2.3 The meeting should involve at least 8 people
2.4 Appropriate group maintenance techniques should be used
2.5 Discussion should be kept to the objectives of the meeting.
2.6 The 30 min time of the meeting should be used efficiently
3.1 Ensure that decisions of the meeting are recorded in a clear & concise manner
3.2 A specific organisation’s procedures/requirements should be complied with.

SA - Systems Analysis
This module will provide a student with

• understanding of the purpose and outcomes of the different phases of the traditional and
two non-traditional models of the systems development
• the knowledge and skills required to carry out a user needs analysis.
• the criteria to use in order to choose the most appropriate model for a specific project.
• skills and techniques used to carry out and document a preliminary investigation of a
proposed systems development project and to carry out a systems analysis of a data
processing system/task and document the results.
• the opportunity to learn and practice the skills and techniques used to develop and
document the logical design of a new/modified system, and carry out and document a
feasibility analysis of alternative real solutions, and to choose alternative strategies and
shortcuts as appropriate

National Curriculum Modules in SA Stream

B407 Systems Development Models

1.
2. List the phases in the traditional systems development model ie. the systems development
life cycle (SDLC).
3. Identify the personnel and their roles in each of the phases (SDLC)
4. Describe the interaction with users in each phase (SDLC).
5. List the documentation required in each phase (SDLC).
6. List the criteria used to determine the suitability of a project for this development model
(SDLC).

7. Describe examples of the types of systems best suited to the traditional development model
approach (SDLC).

1.
2. List the phases in the prototyping life cycle (PROT).
3. Identify the personnel and their roles in each of the phases (PROT)
4. Describe the interaction with users in each phase (PROT).
5. List the documentation required in each phase (PROT).
6. List the criteria used to determine the suitability of a project for this development model
(PROT).

7. Describe examples of the types of systems best suited to the traditional development model
approach (PROT).

1.
2. List the phases in the evolutionary life cycle (EVOL).
3. Identify the personnel and their roles in each of the phases (EVOL)

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 4. Describe the interaction with users in each phase (EVOL).
5. List the documentation required in each phase (EVOL).
6. List the criteria used to determine the suitability of a project for this development model
(EVOL).

7. Describe examples of the types of systems best suited to the traditional development model
approach (EVOL).

4.1.List the re 4. 4.1 List the reasons for selecting a particular systems development
model over another for a given system development project.
4.2. Develop a plan to follow that adheres to the selected development model for a
given system development project.

B408 System Development – Preliminary Investigation and System Analysis

1.1 Define a business system.
1.2 Given a business scenario, list the functions of each personnel member.
1.3 Draw a model indicating the data flows, inputs and outputs of an existing information systems.
1.4 Label the model indicating the impact of personnel on existing information systems.
2.1 Interview business personnel to ascertain the business data processing needs.
2.2 Collect, analyse and summarise all existing documentation relevant to the business data
processing needs.
3.1 Identify the data processing needs of the business being studied.
3.2 Analyse the data processing needs of the business into measurable components.
3.3 Write a preliminary set of system requirements.
3.4 Document anticipated problems with the proposed system, suggesting alternative strategies for
overcoming these.
4.1 Prepare a system requirement specification which provides all necessary data for the future
development of both logical and physical models.
4.2 Describe the functions of a physical model.
4.3 Describe the functions of a logical model.
5.1 Evaluate a selection of products using prioritised and weighted functional requirements of the
system as criteria.
5.2 Determine degree of functional fit of each product, itemising any missing details.
5.3 Review technical aspects (for example hardware specifications, licensing arrangements,
development time) of all products and produce a detailed breakdown of all costs.
5.4 Check client references and prepare selection report and recommendation.

B409 Systems Development – Logical Design and Feasibility Analysis

1.1 Identify the major activities to be undertaken during a feasibility analysis of an information
system, including financial, technical, operational, schedule and human resource considerations.
1.2 Identify several methods of cost/benefit analysis.
1.3 Conduct a financial analysis using at least one of the cost/benefit analysis methods previously
identified.
1.4 Conduct and document a feasibility study on given data processing project.
1.5 Write an executive summary to accompany the feasibility study.
2.1 Compare different strategies for system solutions including purchase of an existing package
and new system development.
2.2 Evaluate the most appropriate strategy providing recommendation and costing of the proposal.
2.3 Justify choice of the appropriate strategy, detailing the process of evaluation.
3.1 Develop a three levelled set dataflow diagrams (or the selected modelling tool) for the data
processing system.
3.2 Develop a complete data dictionary to match the chose modelling tool.
3.3 Write the process specifications using an appropriate technique such as, structured English,
decision trees or pseudocode.

B415 User Needs Analysis

1.1 Cite examples of users and their interaction with information systems.
1.2 List the information required from users when conducting investigation into a system, such information would
include stating the problem or requirement, the business objectives, the scope constraints and the present situation.
2.1 Write a description of the user’s needs stating all issues such as accuracy and timeliness of
information, problems and requirements.
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 2.2 Write a description of the users’ goals from the information system.
2.3 Write a description of any constraints that might apply to a solution.
3.1 Identify areas which are candidates for automated processing.
3.2 Identify areas which are not suitable for automated processing.
3.3 Construct solutions which address the user’s requirements, goals and constraints.
3.4 Estimate the cost and duration of each solution.
4.1 Document the tangible benefits of each solution.
4.2 Document the intangible benefits of each solution.
4.3 Write a recommendation outlining the results of the user needs analysis and how each of the
needs has been addressed, for the preferred solution.
4.4 Obtain the client’s acceptance of the analysis and recommendation.

TC - Technical C
This module covers the following topics:

• Data types, operators, expressions.

• Sequence, iteration, selection.
• Functions
• C and DOS
• Arrays and pointers
• Structures
• Event driven programming
• Searching.
• Sorting
• Linked lists
• Stacks and Queues
• Binary trees
• Random access I/O
• Assembly interface
• Graphic programming
• Development tools
• Programming at large

Learning Outcomes

1. Explain and implement structured programming concepts

2. Demonstrate exchange of information between DOS and C.
3. Use arrays and pointers to store and access data
4. Use structures to store and access data.
5. Demonstrate different ways of I/O in a C program
6. Design and implement an event driven program
7. Implement search and sort algorithms
8. Implement stack
9. Explain linked lists and binary trees
10. Implement assembly interface from C program
11. Demonstrate use of graphics and graphic modes
12. Demonstrate understanding of programming at large and writing commercial programs

AMM - Advanced Multimedia

This module covers the following topics:

• Advanced HTML syntax and Dynamic HTML

• Advanced Javascript
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 • Database connectivity for Intranet and Internet applications
• Various new multimedia technologies including CD based applications

VB - Visual Basic
This module will provide trainee programmers with the skills to develop graphical user interface
applications using the advanced features within an application framework using Visual Basic and
covering the following topics:

• Client server applications

• Making Querydefs and Active X controls
• MDI Programming
• DLL and API calls
• OLE programming
• Active X applications

CT - Case Tools
This module provides students with knowledge of, and practice with:

• typical computer based ‘tools’ used by professional programmers during the software
development process.
• software products available to aid in the systems development process, the function of
these tools, the ability to select an appropriate tool, and an introduction to using some of
these software tools.

Pre-requisite: B406 System Documentation Methods and

One or more programming modules from level 4.
Successfully completing this subject will result in a passing grade in 2 National Curriculum
modules. They are

ITA502 - Software Development Tools.

ITB416 - CASE Tools

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Range of Software Development Tools

• Distinguish between programmer’s tools and system design tools in software

development.
• Identify advantages and disadvantages of using professional programming tools.
• Describe at least five types, and give specific examples, of programming tools. Such
types could include application/code generators, code libraries, reusable code, editors,
debuggers and integrated development environments.

Selection of Software Development Tools

• Define the circumstances for use, for a range of programmer’s tools. Such tools would
include code libraries; DBMS type 4GLS; object oriented tools, application (or code)
generators, editors, debuggers and integrated development environments.
• List strengths and weaknesses of each of the tools and techniques identified above.
• Select the most appropriate programming tool for a number of given situations.

Using Software Development Tools

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 • List the tools that could be used in the design and development of a given business
application.
• Design the application using one of the tools.
• Write the program code with the aid of at least three programmer’s tools.
• Modify and rebuild the application to meet changed specifications using one or more of
the programmer’s tools.

The value of CASE Tools

• Define the acronym CASE.

• Describe the types (Front-End, Back End and Integrated CASE tools), and list examples,
of CASE tools available today.
• Discuss the effect of CASE tools on traditional and non-traditional system development
methodologies

Using a CASE tool to document the Information needs of an enterprise

Document

• a data model of a system using a CASE tool.

• a model of the processes of a system using a CASE tool.
• a model of the required data of a system using a CASE tool.

Designing an information system

Document

• Document input/output screens using a CASE tool.

• Document navigational aids (such as menus) using a CASE tool.
• Document a system’s structure (using for example structure charts, data flow diagrams or
flowcharts) using a CASE tool.
• Document process descriptions using a CASE tool.

OOP - Object Oriented Programming

This module will enable a student to:

• develop and document a program design using an Object-Oriented methodology

• compare the use of various programming languages in relation to Object-Oriented
programming
• use C++ and Java to demonstrate OOP principles

SB - Small Business
This module covers the following topics:

• Personal skills & knowlege required to start a small business

• Market research and promotion.
• Financial planning.
• Laws and regulations which may affect your business.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
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1.1 Define the terms 'selling' and 'marketing' and discriminate between them.
1.2 Define terms associated with sales and marketing including: consumer, customer, cold calling, telemarketing,
market, market segmentation.
1.3 Identify and describe the factors involved in successful selling.
1.4 Identify and describe successful marketing principles and practice.
1.5 Identify the role of advertising in the sales process.
2.1. Identify the variety of roles performed by the salesperson.
2.2. Identify the skills required by a salesperson when selling to a customer.
2.3 Demonstrate the skills necessary for a salesperson to practice whilst selling to a customer, including:

• Effective verbal communications skills.

• Interrogative questioning techniques.
• Appropriate body language.
• Extensive knowledge of the product or service being sold.
• Negotiation skills appropriate to the situation.
• An ability to close the sale.

2.4 Identify the types of relationships experienced between the buyer and the seller.
3.1. Identify the needs of the buyer by strategic questioning.
3.2 Identify factors which affect the motivation of the buyer including buyer requirements, fears, emotions, cost
considerations.
3.3 Classify goods by their purchasing characteristics.
3.4 Respond to buyer requirements appropriately by demonstrating the appropriate sales strategy.
4.1. Identify controllable and uncontrollable factors affecting marketing.
4.2 Given an appropriate marketing opportunity scenario, set appropriate marketing objectives.
4.3 Identify the key components of the marketing mix including product, price, place, promotion.
4.4 Identify the purposes of sales analyses and market research.
4.5 Analyse market research information for a given product or service.
4.6 Given a scenario, formulate marketing objectives, strategies and tactics for a given product or service.

PRSD - Project Software Development

This module provides students with the opportunity to:

• develop and document the physical design of a proposed system, and document and
carry out an implementation program for the proposed system.
• demonstrate and practice their skills in the area of application system development by
developing software that meets user requirements.
• use common industry procedures and methods to develop effective written user-
documentation to meet given specifications.
• select an appropriate computerised technique for the presentation of particular user-
documentation and use common industry procedures and methods to develop effective
computer-based user-documentation.

National Curriculum Modules for Project stream

K503 Application Project

1.1 Investigate a manual data processing system, or a

situation where a system does not exist or is performing
badly, for which a new system seems to be required.

1.2 Determine the system requirements.

2.1 Document the system development methodology

selected, and include such areas as advantage of this method
over another and a list of resource requirements.

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 3.1 Develop and adhere to a project plan.

3.2 Actively participate in all aspects of system development.

3.3 Design the system according to the system requirements

and the chosen development methodology.

3.4 Using efficient coding practices, code the system.

3.5 Test the system.

3.6 Supply the documentation required by the chosen

development methodology.

4.1 Present the system to the "client".

4.2 Formulate the success, or otherwise, of the developed

system.

4.3 Document the future of the system development, such as

procedures to implement the system, partial re-development,
total re-development or abandon the development altogether.

4.4 Develop a plan to undertake change requests from the

client.

4.5 Undertake initial change requests.

4.6 Carry out the implementation procedures.

ITJ409 User Documentation - Written

1.1 Describe the types and purposes of user documentation for application Criteria
software.

1.2 Develop a set of criteria for evaluating user documentation.

1.3 Use evaluation criteria to discriminate between effective and ineffective user
documentation.

2.1 Formulate the production steps to be followed when writing user documentation.

2.2 Define the target audience, system requirements and content features such as
table of contents, glossary, index and checklists where appropriate, for the
documentation.

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2.3 Develop the standards for format and layout for the user documentation.

2.4 Design and produce the user documentation for an important feature of a
software application package.

3.1 Describe the purpose, implementation and organisation of common methods of

maintaining contact with software users including hot-line and help-desk support.

3.2 Select the most appropriate feedback mechanism/s to keep in contact with users
in a given situation.

3.3 List the most common questions that users may ask and appropriate methods
for answering them.

J410 Computer Based User Documentation

1.1 Define & describe the different types of computer based documentation available includeing computer
based tutorials, computer based reference, embedded computer based reference, on-line help screens,
contextual help etc.

1.2 Describe the advantages & disadvantages of each of the different types of computer based
documentation.

1.3 Given several realistic scenarios of computer system users, analyse user needs and determine how
and why computer based reference material may be useful.

1.4 Given several realistic scenarios of computer system workplaces, analyse the business needs in
determining how and why computer based reference material may be useful

2.1 Describe the steps involved in designing computer based documentation including analysis, design,
production, field-testing, and implementation.

2.2 Select and apply a suitable development methodology to a situation suitable to the development of
computer based documentation materials

2.3 Justify the choice of methodology for a given situation

3.1 Identify the specific instructional and design issues involved in designing and producing computer
based documenation.

3.2 Identify the common conventions and industry procedures used in the development of computer based
documentation.

3.3 Given a scenario including details of users and business needs, apply instructional design principles
and common industry conventions and procedures to design specifications for computer based
documentation for a stated purpose.

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 4.1 Identify at least 2 of the main software tools available to develop computer based documentation and
list the strengths and weaknesses of each.

4.2 Select and justify an appropriate software tool for the development of computer based documentation
for the specifications developed in Learning Outcome 3.

4.3 Evaluate the software tool in the context of the computer based documentation development.

B410 Systems Development - Physical Design and System

1.1 Draw and populate module structure charts for a proposed data processing system using as
a starting point the logical models developed in the previous module.

1.2 Using the module structure charts, develop a set of charts showing the hierarchical structure
of the proposed system.

2.1 Prepare a set of draft specifications for the proposed system files.

2.2 Perform an entity analysis for the proposed system files.

2.3 Perform a data analysis to refine the structure of the proposed system files.

3.1 Document the method and application for data entry and informationretrieval
from the proposed system including both on-line and off-line methods.

3.2 Design data entry screens and inquiry screens for the proposed system.

3.3 Design report formats for the proposed system including both screen-based and printed.

4.1 Develop a framework for testing of the system, indicating the scope, extent and methodology
employed.

4.2 Develop a timeline for testing of the system.

4.3 Document the procedures to be employed for the debugging and modification of the system
and the scope of pre-release, beta and final versions.

4.4 Document the environment and conditions under which testing will be conducted.

5.1 List system elements which will require backing-up, indicating the method, frequency, time,
type, media and procedures to be used.

5.2 List system elements which will require archiving, indicating the method, frequency, time,
type, media and procedures to be used.

5.3 dentify roll-over procedures for the system.

5.4 Design an auditing methodology indicating which elements are to be audited and the format
of the audit trail.

Certificate IV in information tech.

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 BS - Business Systems
This module will enable the student to:

• describe the function of the various business sub-systems, the information flow between
them and the function and content of typical business internal and external transaction
documents.
• state the purpose and scope of Decision Support Systems and Management Information
Systems.
• use a commercial small business level accounting software package to perform basic
book-keeping tasks, including:
o Double-entry accounting.
o Prepare a General Ledger.
o Prepare final accounts for a service business.

ITB404
1.1 Identify typical inputs and outputs for business sales, production, inventory, purchasing, finance, personnel and
payroll subsystems.
1.2 Identify the flow of data between various subsystems in a business.
1.3 Identify the inputs, outputs and external entities of an information system.
2.1 Identify typical data for business sales, production, inventory, purchasing, finance, personnel and payroll
subsystems.
2.2 Identify relevant data elements required in an information system.
2.3 Using a data repository, describe the identified data elements and data structures.
3.1 Describe how information systems are used by staff in an organisation.
3.2 List the different types of reports required from business information systems.
3.3 Describe the terms Transaction Processing System, Management Information System and Decision Support
System.
4.1 Identify the types of problems typically associated with information systems, such as timely, accurate data and
maintenance of data.
4.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computerised business information systems.
ITF405
1.1 List and describe the fundamental operation of an accounting package.
1.2 Examine the link between accounting software and databases.
1.3 Define the purpose of the General, Debtors and Creditors Ledgers.
1.4 Differentiate between a standalone and an integrated accounting package.
2.1 Initialise a database showing company details including address and passwords. for operators and supervisors.
2.2 Initialise the areas of General, Debtors and Creditors Ledgers.
2.3 Set up at least the following tables, invoicing and taxation.
3.1 Edit the General, Debtors and Creditors Ledgers and appropriate tables.
3.2 Open new accounts in the database.
3.3 Edit and maintain accounts.
4.1 Produce reports for the General, Debtors, Creditors and Stock Ledgers both on screen and to printer.
4.2 Produce reports for all tables associated with the ledgers.
4.3 Produce the Profit and Loss and the Balance Sheet reports to the printer.

Create cost centres.

Post transactions to cost centres.

Print cost centre analysis reports.

ITL350
1.1 Differentiate between the different types of business ownership and describe their legal & financial status.
1.2 Describe the differences between trading & service businesses in terms of their accounting requirements.
1.3 Describe and give examples of the three elements which make up the accounting equation: assets, liabilities
and proprietorship.
1.4 Apply a series of transactions to the accounting equation and prepare a "T"-format Balance Sheet.

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2.1 Discriminate and give examples of revenues, expenses and drawings of a business.
2.2 Define & apply transactions to the expanded equation.
2.3 Define & apply the rule of debit & credit as it relates to the expanded accounting equation.
2.4 Use analysis charts as a method of applying the rules of debit & credit to typical business transactions.
3.1 Identify the reasons for setting up a general ledger.
3.2 Explain the requirements for a suitable chart of accounts.
3.3 Record transactions in the general ledger using a 3-column ledger format.
4.1 Identify the reasons for preparing a Trial Balance.
4.2 Describe the format of the Trial Balance and it’s relationship to the expanded equation.
4.3 Prepare and balance a Trial Balance from a set of ledger accounts.
5.1 Classify assets & liabilities.
5.2 Describe & calculate profit & loss.
5.3 Prepare a Profit & Loss Statement for a service business from a
trial balance.
5.4 Prepare a classified Balance Sheet.

Purpose of subsidiary ledger.

Relation to General Ledger control accounts.

Posting transactions to the subsidiary ledgers.

CS1 - Communication Skills 1

This module covers the following topics:

• researching material
• analysing information & developing/identifying solutions
• producing a document that entails the investigation of a problem/issue such as a
submission/proposal/ briefing notes/analytical report
• delivering an oral presentation
• gathering information from others through interviews
• effective participation in problem solving as the interviewer

DCL - Data Comms and LANs

This module will enable students to:

• describe typical applications of data communications in the business, industrial, academic

and personal areas; including how different carrier technologies and providers are used
and how different applications use different network configurations.
• correctly use standard terminology to describe the main topologies, carrier technologies
and hardware and software components used in data communication networks (including
LANs), including the characteristics of such devices and

LEARNING OUTCOMES
G401 – Data Communications Applications
1.1 Ex plain the meaning of terms including asynchronous and synchronous, serial and parallel communication,
modulation, analogue, digital, transmission speed, data compression.
1.2 Describe coding systems including ASCII and EBCDIC.
1.3 Define and contrast half and full duplex transmission.
1.4 Describe the function of a parity bit in data transmission.
1.5 Define and distinguish between various networks including on-line data retrieval systems, bulletin board
systems, local area network, and wide area network.
2.1 Give an overview of the way that a range of data communications systems operate, the hardware used, services
provided, and cost.
2.2 Categorise a range of services to illustrate their potential.
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2.3 Identify the users of the selected system and overview their needs.
2.4 Set up and use a microcomputer with a modem and terminal software to dial into an on-line service.
2.5 Use the above system to retrieve information appropriate to the service provided.
3.1 Explain the function and operation of a modem.
3.2 Describe the role and operation of a multiplexer and a concentrator.
3.3 Describe the function and operation of a data terminal.
4.1 Describe a range of AARNET, Optus, and Telecom services.
4.2 Describe analogue, Datel, and Digital Data Service (DDS) services.
4.3 Describe the operation of Austpac and related access protocols.
4.4 Explain the operation and features of the integrated services digital network (ISDN).
4.5 Compare and contrast at least three online data services accessible by Australian industry and business.
5.1 Describe the features of common network topologies.
5.2 List the characteristics of local area networks.
5.3 List the characteristics of wide area networks.
5.4 Define the principal hardware components of a local area network.

G402 – Data Communications Networks

1.1 Explain the connection between OSI reference model and the language and boundaries for protocols.
1.2 Explain the concept of layered protocols.
1.3 List the seven layers of the OSI model, and outline their functions.
1.4 Describe a range of common protocols relevant to the physical layer, data link layer, and network layer.
2.1 Describe the characteristics of a range of transmission channel products.
2.2 Outline the roles of the recognised standards organisations which have a practical impact upon data
communications implementation.
2.3 Describe the hardware and software issues related to common standards at the physical layer including RS-
232C, RS-449, and CCIT X21.
2.4 Describe the data link layer control procedures including SDLC, HDLC, and BSC.
2.5 Describe the function of the CCIT X.25 standard for packet switching.
2.6 Describe the characteristics of various transmission channels including twisted pair and coaxial cable, optical
fibre, microwave, and satellite.
2.7 List the performance issues related to transmission channels including voltage levels, noise tolerance, and cable
lengths.
3.1 Explain the function and operation of a multiplexer.
3.2 Describe the practical benefits of multiplexers in a data communications environment.
3.3 Define frequency division multiplexing and compare with time division multiplexing.
3.4 Describe the advantages of statistical time division multiplexers, and the concept of service ratio.
4.1 Explain the wiring of RS-232C connectors, describing a range of functions of the control lines including RTS,
CTS, DSR, DTS, DTR, DCD and RI.
4.2 Distinguish between the terms baud rate, and bps.
4.3 Outline the common forms of flow control including RTS-CTS and XON/XOFF.
4.4 Describe the use of a break-out box in analysing serial communications.
5.1 Identify the components required for the assembly.
5.2 Analyse the requirements of each component for the system to operate correctly.
5.3 Select appropriate cabling if required.
5.4 Connect the components correctly and test the system.
6.1 List common sources of transmission errors which may occur in a communications session.
6.2 Explain the function and operation of a data communications protocol.
6.3 Describe the operation of a common file transfer protocol. Eg. Xmodem.
6.4 Outline the operation of cyclic redundancy checking.
7.1 Explain the operation of a modem.
7.2 Summarize the features and relative advantages of common modem standards including PEP, CCIT V22,
V22bis, V32, V32bis, and V42.
7.3 Use, and describe the functions of a range of Hayes modem commands.
7.4 Outline the data compression and error correction techniques common in the use of modems, including MNP4,
MNP 5, LAP-B, and LAP-M.

G403 – Introduction to LANs

1.1 List the uses of and solutions offered by Local Area Networks.
1.2 Identify the potential drawbacks of Local Area Networks.
1.3 Outline the functions of a range of network hardware and software products including print servers, gateways,
communications servers, repeaters, bridges, routers, and brouters.

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1.4 Define common network topologies and describe their typical installation. These should include bus, ring, star,
configurations, and their cabling considerations including twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fibre.
1.5 Describe practical means of achieving network fault tolerance.
1.6 Compare the characteristics of commercial LAN systems such as 3COM, IBM Token Ring, Novell Netware,
Windows for Workgroups.
2.1 Demonstrate logging in, logging out, and use of shared and private file areas on a network.
2.2 Use the network facilities to add, delete, and modify users' access.
2.3 Use the network printing facilities, and demonstrate network print management control.
2.4 Use network monitoring tools to affirm the correct operation of the network.
2.5 Use the inbuilt communications facility and electronic mail.
3.1 Outline the ISO/OSI reference model as it applies to local area networking and the products used in networking
and network interconnection.
3.2 Outline the operation and limitations of a range of range of physical layer protocols including CSMA/CD,
Ethernet, token ring, token passing, and ARCNet. Outline the roles of the recognised standards organisations which
have a practical impact upon local area networking, including IEEE 802, CCIT, and the impact of those standards.
3.3 Explain the difference between Baseband and Broadband networks.

PCA - PC Applications
Using typing package and Word Processor and spreadsheet software, the student will develop
skills in:

• Understanding and use of appropriate Occupational Safety and Health practices including
ergonomics, posture, workstation organisation, rest periods, preventative exercise.
• Development of touch typing techniques including use of shift key / caps lock operation,
frequently used punctuation / symbols, and spacing conventions.
• Keying data in accordance with Australian Standard 2708-1991 including speed and
accuracy development, proof reading, error analysis, error correction, and calculation of
speed and accuracy
• Use of proofreading and editing techniques. Use of recycling practices including re-use of
printer paper, shredding of confidential documents and use of recycling bins.
• produce, format and electronically file multiple-page word processed documents.
• create, modify and manage mail-merge documents, documents incorporating indexes,
table of contents and to import data from other applications. A student will also be able to
create and use styles, templates and macros.
• produce worksheets incorporating mathematical and financial functions and common
formulae according to user specifications.

ITF304
1.1 Create a document which contains:

• paragraph formatting such as centering, left and right alignment, justification, indent and/or hanging indent.
• a table involving, border styles, shading, column widths and text alignments which are not the default
settings.
• a table with dimensions, column widths, shading and border styles settings which are not defaults.
• a line with length and linestyle settings which are not defaults.
• double line spacing.
• left, right, centre and decimal align tabs and dot leaders.
• a box with shading and text alignment settings which are not defaults.

1.2 Save and print the document.

2.1 Describe situations when each of the following tools could be used:

• Find/search and replace.

• Spell checker.
• Grammar checker.
• Thesaurus.

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2.2 Demonstrate the use of these tools to eradicate typographical, grammatical and other errors in an existing
document.
3.1 Create a multi-page document with 'hard' page breaks inserted in appropriate places within the text and
document pagination.
3.2 Create a document which has paper size, margin and orientation settings which are not default.
3.3 Demonstrate the use of complex page formatting features such as changing the numbering, format or style of
document pagination within the document and the insertion of headers and footers where they are different on odd
and even pages.
3.4 Use the graphics functions of the word processor to insert graphics or clipart into a document.
4.1 State the differences between moving, copying, renaming and deleting files on a personal computer.
4.2 List the files in a given directory.
4.3 Copy a file from one directory to another directory.
4.4 Move a file from one directory to another directory.
4.5 Rename a file.
5.1 Delete a file from a directory.

ITF305
1.1 Use at least four basic mathematical functions such as INT, MOD, ROUND, TRUNC, SQRT, PRODUCT,
QUOTIENT, PI, EXP and LN.
1.2 Use at least four basic statistical functions such as COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MIN, AVERAGE, MODE, MEDIAN
and STDEV.
1.3 Use at least three financial functions from each of at least two of the following areas:

• interest,
• depreciation,
• present value,
• future value and periodic payments.

1.4 Use at least four date functions such as DATE, EDATE, EOMONTH, WORKDAY, NETWORKDAYS, NOW,
TIME and TODAY.
1.5 Use the logical functions IF, AND, OR and NOT.
2.1. Use data in existing spreadsheets to create, save and print at least three types of graphs such as pie, bar,
column, xy and a 3-D bar.
3.1 Define and distinguish between the terms 'relative cell reference' and 'absolute cell reference'.
3.2 Create and modify spreadsheet formulae which use absolute cell references, or mixed relative/absolute cell
references.
3.3 Copy spreadsheet formulae containing absolute cell references, or mixed relative/absolute cell references, to a:

• Single cell.
• Range of cells

4.1 Given a user’s specifications in narrative form, detailing the purpose of the spreadsheet and any graphs, design
and develop a worksheet to suit the specifications.
4.2 Given a user's specifications in written form, design and develop a spreadsheet which contains at least three
different functions, at least one graph, and at least one formula which requires mixed relative/absolute cell
references.
5.1 Use Data Forms, sorting techniques and Autofilters. (Holmesglen Institute of TAFE extension).

ITF408
4.2 Create and use a style for a standard business document which involves at least font selection, headings,
headers and footers
4.1 Use an AUTOFORMAT supplied by the word processing package
1.1 Create personalized form letters involving name and address fields.
1.2 Create mailing labels.
1.3 Print names and addresses on envelopes
4.2 Create and use a style for a standard business document which involves at least font selection, headings,
headers and footers
3.4 Create a document which incorporates a graphic imported from another application.
2.1 Create a document which includes an index involving at most ten words and a table of contents
2.2 Create a cross reference within a document to link text to a heading and to a caption
6.1 Identify at least two styles of document and at least three tasks within each of the types of document for which a
template would increase efficiency.
6.2 Create a template for at least one of the identified documents.

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6.3 Use the template so that it creates the style and performs the tasks successfully and without error.
3.1 Identify the applications which are compatible with the word processing software that is in use.
3.4 Create a document which incorporates a graphic imported from another application
3.2 Create a document which incorporates a spreadsheet imported from another application into a report.
3.3 Create a document which incorporates information imported from a database created in another application.
5.1 Identify at least six tasks for which the creation of a macro would increase efficiency.
5.2 Create a macro
5.3 Execute the macro so that it performs the tasks successfully and without error.
2.3 Create a document formatted in columns.
3.4 Create a document which incorporates a graphic imported from another application.
NOS116
1.1 Demonstrate correct power access procedures (if applicable).
1.2 Adjust chair and work station / equipment to meet ergonomic requirements.
1.3 Demonstrate appropriate posture .
1.4 Use rest / exercise periods appropriately
4. Apply recycling techniques to minimise paper wastage
2.2 Operate keyboard using touch typing techniques with 90% accuracy and a speed of 20 words per minute
3.1 Proofread and mark all errors from own input / output
5. 1 This Leaning outcome is optional.

Key in data from straight copy continuously using touch typing techniques for five minutes in
accordance with Australian Standard 2708 - 1991

5.2 Achieve 98% accuracy and a minimum speed of 20 wpm using Australian Standard 2708 -1991

PG1 - Programming 1
This module produces the following skills and knowledge:

• using logic and flow control

• develop , document and test algorithms for 3GL Programming Languages.
• knowledge of the levels of computer languages and language translation methods
• implement simple algorithms involving the three programming 'structures'
• implementing code in a structured fashion, and terminal input/output in a 3GL
programming language.
• implement the concept of ‘case’, and one-dimensional arrays
• develop methods of documentation and testing , and introduce debugging and
input/output design.

Modules A402, A403, A404

LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Apply problem analysis methods to solve data processing problems which require input, output and processing.
2. Develop program algorithms using flowcharts and pseudocode. Include sequence, selection and repetition
structures, but not nesting of these structures.
3. Perform desk-checks on algorithms using a complete range of test data.
4. Use the Visual C++ 5 development environment to create, retrieve, modify and save a program
5. Use the basic syntax features of Visual C++ to write, compile, link and execute structured programs.
6. Demonstrate the use of program variables and constants using simple input-process-output programs. Use the
simple data types of real, integer, character and Boolean in the writing of simple structured program code.
7. Implement the fundamental algorithmic constructs of sequence, selection and repetition in the chosen 3GL to
solve simple programming problems.
8. Write programs demonstrating the use of complex Boolean expressions in programming problems.
9. Design and code programs with multiple conditions using the "case" concept
10. Design and code programs using nested loops in programming problems.
11. Construct programs using one-dimensional arrays of character data type.
12. Develop and use test data and debugging techniques to help debug programs..
13. Use the principles of "user friendly" design in the production of data input and screen/report design

DB - Database

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This module will enable a student to:

• develop skills in the methods associated with the specification, analysis and
documentation of logical relational databases.
• create and modify a database, design queries and produce reports using both single and
multi-tabled systems
• create an integrated application using a multi-table database.
• learn and practice techniques for establishing and documenting appropriate input and
output content and dialogues for data processing applications.

Successful completion of this subject results in passing the following three National Curriculum modules

• ITF415 – Commercial Database Packages 1

• ITF416 – Commercial Database Packages 2
• ITB402 – Relational Database Logical Design
• ITB414 – Input / Output Design

LEARNING OUTCOMES
F415 Commercial Database Packages 1
1.1 Define the main function of a database.
1.2 Name at least five current commercial database packages and define a variety of common database terms,
including such terms as:
database table entity
field, record attribute view
information query form, report
relation, relational, relationship, link
key, primary key, secondary key, foreign key.
1.3 Explain the purpose and main features of commercial database packages
1.4 List general examples of applications or systems that commercial database packages could be used to develop.
1.5 Explain the reason(s) for using multiple tables in a database.
1.6 Explain some of the problems of referential integrity that may occur when using a multi-table database.
2.1 Design and create the structure of a database using appropriate field names and types. All available data types
are to be used.
2.2 Enter a minimum of 20 records into the database.
2.3 Save and retrieve (open) a database.
2.4 Edit data in a database.
2.5 Delete data from a database.
2.6 Modify the database structure to include at least:

o the deletion of at least one field

o the addition of one field
o the modification of the size of a character field
o the modification of the number of decimal places in a numeric field.

3.1 Specify a view (subset of fields) on a database.

3.2 Construct simple criteria for accurate searches for specific records in the database and use relational and logical
operators in more complex search criteria.
3.3 Specify appropriate sort-orders in queries.
3.4 Create queries on a database with a minimum of two related (linked) tables.
4.1 Design report layouts which are appropriate to particular requirements for displaying database information using
the layout options available in a commercial database package (typically column and page layouts).
4.2 Use the report tool in a commercial database package to summarise data in a database, producing ordered data
and simple summary calculations (for instance, totals and counts).
4.3 Develop reports for queries involving a database with a minimum of two tables and requiring grouping of
records.
F416 Commercial Database Packages 2
1.1 Identify the basic types of relationships that can exist between tables:

• one-to-one.
• one-to-many.

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 • many-to-many.

1.2 Recognise when multiple tables might be the preferred design.

1.3 Explain the issues involved in assigning relationships among tables:

• primary key, foreign keys.

• referential integrity (ensuring that the ‘many’ side can always access the ‘one’ side).

2.1 Design and create a database(with at least 3 tables and a minimum of 100 records in the overall database)
demonstrating the relationship between the tables.
2.2 Enter, edit and delete records within the database.
2.3 Design forms for input of data, incorporate the ability to limit input to special ranges or values.
2.4 Design queries and produce report layouts using advanced reporting features of Access including:

• fonts, sizes, boxes, lines etc

• page headers and footers
• page breaks
• functions
• summary calculations with several levels or reporting

3.1 Design and implement a menu interface to a multi-table database application demonstrating menu design
principles.
4.1 Identify situations when importing and/or exporting data with a commercial database package might be needed
in the working environment.
4.2 Export data from a multi-table database, linking the tables to produce composite records for export to a word
processor, spreadsheet or another commercial database package.
4.3 Import data from another commercial database package, a spreadsheet or a word processor document (for
instance a mailing list).

OS - Operating Systems
This module enable a student to:

• configure the graphical environment to suit particular requirements, and to optimize the
system for best performance.
• define the purpose of an operating system, describe the characteristics of different types
of operating system, describe the general internal methods used to implement basic
operating system functions such as memory management, process scheduling, queue
management, and compare the characteristics of different commercial operating systems.
• manage 3 different operating systems, including at least one multi-user system.
Operating systems suitable for inclusion in this module are MS DOS/PC DOS, DR DOS,
OS/2, VMS, UNIX, PICK, PRIMOS and MVS.
• carry out user-oriented tasks on a mainframe, mini-computer or PC based multi-user
operating system.
• select and install a computer operating system to meet the needs of a client or user

Pre-requisite: Fundamental Systems

Successfully completing this subject will result in a passing grade in 4 National Curriculum
modules. They are;

ITH406 - Operating Systems Theory

ITH407 - Operating Systems Practical

ITH408 - Multi-user Operating Systems

• Identify and describe the fundamental characteristics of three different operating systems,
including two multi-user systems, highlighting the differences between them.
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 • Identify and describe the methods used to implement process management in two
operating systems, including one multi-user systems.
• Identify and describe the methods used to implement memory management in two
operating systems, including one multi-user systems.
• Identify and describe the methods used to implement input/output management in two
operating systems, including one multi-user system
• Identify and describe the methods used to implement file storage management in two
operating systems, including one multi-user systems.
• Identify and describe the methods used to implement security and protection in two
operating systems, including one multi-user systems.
• Demonstrate and describe the features of a multi-user operating system.
• Demonstrate the security features of a multi-user operating system demonstrating by
logging in and out.
• Access and use software on a multi-user operating system.
• Use the communication facilities of a multi-user operating system to receive and send
short messages to other users.
• Demonstrate the fundamental functions of three operating systems, including one multi-
user system.
• Use the basic components of three operating systems, including one multi-user system.
• Use the job control commands of three operating systems, including one multi-user
system.
• Use the memory management tools of three operating systems, including one multi-user
system.
• Identify and evaluate operating systems which support specified task requirements, levels
of user ability and types of application software.
• Select and recommend the most appropriate operating system for the specified
requirements, documenting the justification and the evaluation process.
• Source and evaluate (from a technical and user perspective) the suitability of hardware
platforms for a particular operating system.
• Plan the implementation of the operating system, provide basic user training and process
the appropriate file conversions.
• Install and configure the operating system to meet user requirements and document the
installation.
• Performance tune, test and document the installed operating system.

CS2 - Communication Skills 2

This module covers the following topics:

• speaking effectively on work related issues

• planning and organising standard types of technical documents
• integrating text, visual data and supporting material into a complete and coherent whole
• presenting documents in formats which meet the needs and expectations of the audience

ABS - Applied Business Systems

This module will enable a student to:

• design and create effective spreadsheet applications incorporating security, automation

via macros, and the import and export of data to and from other applications.
• describe typical business data processing systems.
• create a decision support system (DSS) and utilise its features.

The modules in this stream are:

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Module Module name
Code

D407 Decision Support Systems

B406 System Documentation Techniques

F405 Advanced Spreadsheets

Learning Outcomes
ITB406
1.1 Identify the boundaries of the business data processing system from its description
1.2 Using the chosen graphical technique (such as data flow diagrams) draw and name the data processing system
from its description
1.3 Identify each of the sources of inputs into and receivers of outputs from the data processing system and use a
graphical technique to represent them
1.4 Identify all the inputs into a data processing system and use a graphical technique to represent them
1.5 Identify all the outputs from a data processing system and use a graphical technique to represent them.
2.1 Identify and graphically represent each of the processes that comprise the system.
2.2 Identify and graphically represent each of the inputs into and outputs from each process.
2.3 Identify and graphically represent each of the data stores required by the data processing system.
2.4 Identify each of the higher level processes that need to be broken down into their component processes then
graphically represent these lower level processes (no more than 3 levels of processing are to be represented,
including the outline level as per Learning Outcome 1.)
2.5 Identify the relationships that exist between the individual processes and use a graphical technique (eg system
flowchart, structure chart) to represent this.
3.1 Use a graphical method (eg. decision tables/trees) to describe the processing involved in system processes.
3.2 Use a non-graphical method (eg. structured English descriptions or similar such as action diagrams ,
pseudocode) to describe the processing involved in system processes.

ITD407
1.1 Define DSS.
1.2 List five characteristics of a decision support system.
1.3 Identify the data sources accessed by DSS.
1.4 Identify users of DSS.
2.1 Examine analytical and heuristic decision making styles.
2.2 Identify the different models accessed by a DSS.
2.3 List the features of each of the problem solving phases, such as intelligence design and choice phases and their
place in the design of DSS.
2.4 Explain the use of trade-offs, weightings, elimination and goal programming or setting.
3.1 Identify a problem that could be addressed using a "What if" based DSS.
3.2 Design and construct the model.
3.2 Identify the parameters and variables required to build the model.
3.3 Formulate the model.
3.4 Document the testing of the model.
4.1 Design the model.
4.2 Identify the parameters and variables required to build the model.
4.3 Formulate the model.
4.5 Document the testing of the model.

ITF405
1.1 Create and run macros to automate routine tasks such as to:

• Select another spreadsheet window.

• Go to a predefined cell.
• Set predefined borders for a selected range.

1.2 Run a macro in step mode in order to test and/or debug it.
1.3 Create, test and run open-ended macros which require user input to complete the command sequence.
1.4 Create, test and run auto-executing macros.
1.5 Use advanced commands in the construction of macros, including commands to:

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 • Perform conditional or unconditional branching.
• Accept user input.
• Loop.

1.6 Create and use customised menus in which some or all of the menu options invoke macros.
1.7 Create, test and run macros to meet a set of user specifications
2.1 Apply the spreadsheet package’s security measures to protect against the accidental or unauthorised
alteration of individual components of a worksheet, including:

• a cell.
• a range of cells.
• a macro.
• an item on a chart.
• a graphic object.

2.2 Apply the spreadsheet package’s security measures to protect against the accidental or unauthorised moving or
re-sizing of pre-defined worksheet windows.
2.3 Apply the spreadsheet package’s security measures to hide worksheet formulae so they don’t appear in the
formula bar.
2.4 Apply the spreadsheet package’s security measures to protect against accidental or unauthorised alterations to
an entire worksheet, including:

• Moving or deleting a worksheet.

• Hiding a worksheet, or unhiding a previously hidden worksheet.
• Renaming a worksheet.

3.1 Import and manipulate data from another commercial spreadsheet package.
3.2 Import an external database file into a worksheet, and manipulate the data using spreadsheet functions.
3.3 Import selected records from an external database into a worksheet using specified record selection criteria, and
manipulate the data using spreadsheet functions.
3.4 Import data from a text file using the spreadsheet’s capabilities to break the data into rows and columns, and
manipulate the data using spreadsheet functions.
3.5 Embed in a worksheet graphic objects created in another application.
4.1 Export all or a selected range of spreadsheet data to a Word Processing document.
4.2 Save a worksheet in a format suitable for exporting :

• To another spreadsheet application.

• To a database package.
• As a text file.

PG2 - Programming Concepts 2

This module will students with the skills to:

• design, and code algorithms in a 3GL programming language. Problems will involve user
defined data types, procedures and functions, single dimension arrays, basic data
validation and sequential text and binary files of simple types.
• produce modularised programs which solve data processing problems. Such skills to
include the use of structured record types, two dimensional arrays and transaction/master
updates.

Modules A405 and A406

PREREQUISITES: Programming 1
Learning Outcomes
1.1 Declare a user defined data type incorporating suitable base types available in C. Input values for user defined
types into a program, manipulate and print the results using the formatting capabilities of C.
1.2 Write user defined data types using integer, floating point and string

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2.1 Declare multiple single dimension arrays
2.2 Design and implement programs, which input several fields interactively and store the data into separate single
dimension (parallel) arrays.
2.3 Design and implement algorithms, which retrieve and modify data in separate single dimension (parallel) arrays.
3.1 Analyze a problem and extract the salient points, which summarize the user requirements.
3.2 Define the terms sub-process, module, top-down design, bottom-up design and program stub from a program
design perspective.
3.3 Decompose a large problem containing three to five distinct logical parts into smaller modules so that each
module is described by (i) an input, (ii) an output, and (iii) a single functionality.
3.4 Design and document the overview of a modularized program using structure charts and pseudocode.
3.5 Explain how program stubs can aid the design, implementation and testing of program modules in a
modularized program
4.1 Describe the facilities available in C for implementing modules (i.e. functions)
4.2 Declare functions, which are logically removed from the main program by one sub-level only.
4.3 Describe the parameter passing and return value mechanisms for functions in C.
4.4 Describe how local variables are used for communication between program modules
5.1 Describe data validation in terms of type, range and inter-field dependencies.
5.2 List the data validation requirements for interactive applications when entering several fields of data in an
application.
5.3 List the data validation requirements for non-interactive applications with respect to input data and error log.
5.4 Outline how flags can aid the validation process and under what conditions they need to be used.
5.5 Design and code algorithms for interactive data validation incorporating range and inter-field dependency
checking but not type checking
6.1 Define the terms field, record, file, fixed and variable length field, fixed and variable length record, field delimiter,
record delimiter, end-of-file detection and data sentinel.
6.2 Describe the structures of text files.
6.3 Describe the relationship between the file buffer and the standard sequential file operations - opening, closing,
reading from and writing to a sequential file.
6.4 Write code to declare, open, close, read from, write to and reset the internal file pointer of a sequential file.
6.5 Design and code a loop structured program which reads three to six fields of data at a time interactively,
validates the input data and writes corresponding records to a sequential text or binary file, terminated by a user
defined data sentinel.
6.6 Design and code a program which reads records from a text file using a Read Ahead loop and detecting end-of-
file by employing a data sentinel
7.1 Describe the concepts of cohesion and coupling and the importance of high cohesion and loose coupling.
7.2 Describe how cohesion and coupling affect the interdependence and intercommunication between program
modules.
7.3 Define the terms local variable, non-local variable, global variable, scope of reference and parameter passing.
7.4 Describe the inter-module communication mechanisms of the chosen 3GL.
7.5 Design and code modularised programs that employ parameter passing and exhibit high cohesion and loose
coupling.
8.1 Construct algorithms using two-dimensional arrays
8.2 Design and code programs for loading and retrieving data (including string data) into two-dimensional arrays
using row-by-row and element-by-element processing techniques.
8.3 Define the terms struct and members and describe the usage of struct data types
8.4 Design and code a program that reads data from a sequential file, stores the data in an array of structures, and
processes and outputs the data from the array.

MMV - Multimedia and Visual Basic

This module covers the following topics:

• Graphic design and implementation withPhotoshop

• Web page design and delelopment
• Basic HTMLsyntax
• Visual Basic for web use and introduction to Javascript

MULTIMEDIA
1.1 Discuss the development of Internet and Intranet.
1.2 Describe differences, advantages and disadvantages of both Internet and Intranet services.
1.3 Identify the software packages necessary to produce and display home pages and to access
the internet.
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1.4 Identify the hardware requirements to access the internet.
1.5 Discuss security and legal issues raised by the use of internet technologies
2.1 Prepare a clear and detailed outline for the home page design.
2.2 Define the target audience and the user needs for the home page.
2.3 Design the home page.
2.4 Prepare the script.
3.1 Describe the principles and use of Hypertext Markup Language
3.2 Identify and use standard Markup Tags
3.3 Create Hypertext links
3.4 Include Inline images and tables in the Web page
3.5 Evaluate the scripting languages used in Web development
3.6 List examples of the economic forces which influence the increasing use of E-Commerce
3.7 Give examples of current trends and potential uses of E-Commerce.

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