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1. The document describes fractures and dislocations of the hip joint, including the femoral neck fracture mechanism, signs, classification, and surgical treatments.
2. It also covers posterior and anterior hip dislocations, explaining mechanisms and clinical signs for each. Reduction maneuvers discussed include Bigelow's maneuver, Allis's maneuver, and the gravity method of Stimson.
3. Radiographic landmarks of the acetabulum are shown and explained.
1. The document describes fractures and dislocations of the hip joint, including the femoral neck fracture mechanism, signs, classification, and surgical treatments.
2. It also covers posterior and anterior hip dislocations, explaining mechanisms and clinical signs for each. Reduction maneuvers discussed include Bigelow's maneuver, Allis's maneuver, and the gravity method of Stimson.
3. Radiographic landmarks of the acetabulum are shown and explained.
1. The document describes fractures and dislocations of the hip joint, including the femoral neck fracture mechanism, signs, classification, and surgical treatments.
2. It also covers posterior and anterior hip dislocations, explaining mechanisms and clinical signs for each. Reduction maneuvers discussed include Bigelow's maneuver, Allis's maneuver, and the gravity method of Stimson.
3. Radiographic landmarks of the acetabulum are shown and explained.
THE
HIP
JOINT
Dr.
Muh.
Sak:
SpOT
Fracture
Of
The
Neck
Femur
Mechanisme
:
• Mostly
:
elderly
slip
down
Sign
:
-‐ Pain
-‐ Difficult
for
standing
or
walking
-‐ Leg
length
discrapency
Blood Supply to the Femoral Head The femoral head receives its arterial blood Supply from 3 sources : 1. Intraosseus vessels running up the neck à inevitably damaged with a displaced cervical fracture 2. Vessels in the retinacula reflected from capsule to neck à damaged in a fracture or compressed by an effusion 3. Vessels in the ligamentum teresà undeveloped in the early years of life & even later convey only a meagre blood supply Examina:on
Special
Test’s
True Leg Length
• Measuring
to
the
medial
malleolus
• Measuring
to
the
lateral
malleolus
Galleazi’s
test
• Leg
length
discrepancy
Klasifikasi:
1.
Garden
Tindakan operasi • Grade 1 – 2 : skin traksi, Multiple pins dan screw, • Grade 3 : DHS or angle blade plate • Grade 4 : Hemiarthroplasty HIP
DISLOCATION
The
increased
number
of
traffic
accident
hip
disloca:on
is
more
frequently
happenned
Hip
disloca:on
is
classify
into
two
groups
depending
on
the
direc:on
of
the
disloca:on
:
-‐
Posterior
-‐
Anterior
Posterior
Hip
Disloca:on
• Posterior
disloca:ons
occur
aVer
a
blow
to
the
knee
while
the
hip
and
knee
are
flexed
Posterior
Disloca:on
• When
someone
in
a
car
is
thrown
out
anteriorly,
causing
the
knee
to
hit
the
dashboard.
• Femur
is
pushed
upward
and
the
head
pops
out
of
the
joint
and
quite
oVen
a
part
of
the
back
of
acetabulum
is
also
fractured
Anterior
Disloca:on
• Rarely
happenned
• Clinical
Sign
:
-‐
external
rota:on,
abduc:on
and
a
bit
flexed
-‐
A
clear
anterior
protruded
of
the
femur
head
-‐
No
hip
movement
• X
ray
AP
photo
usually
a
good
diagnos:c
procedure,
if
there’s
any
doubt
a
lateral
photo
will
solved
the
problem
• Figure
14-‐2.
Normal
radiographic
landmarks
of
the
acetabulum.
A.
AP
radiographic
view.
1.
IIiopec:neal
line;
2.
ilioischial
line;
3.radiographic
U,
or
teardrop;
4,
acetabular
roof;
5,
anterior
rim
of
the
acetabulum;
6,
posterior
rim
of
the
acetabulum
Bigelow's
Maneuver:
for
Posterior
Hip
Disloca:on
• With
the
pa:ent
supine,
the
pelvis
is
stabilized
by
an
assistant
applying
pressure
to
the
ASIS.
• The
surgeon
then
grasps
the
affected
limb
by
the
ankle
&
places
his
opposite
forearm
beneath
the
pa:ent's
flexed
knee.
• Longitudinal
trac:on
is
applied
in
the
direc:on
of
the
pa:ent's
deformity,
followed
by
flexion
of
the
pa:ent's
hip
to
90o
or
more
while
maintaining
it
in
an
adducted,
internally
rotated
posi:on
&
con:nuing
trac:on.
• The
femoral
head
is
then
levered
into
the
acetabulum
by
the
combina:on
of
abduc:on,
external
rota:on,
and
extension
of
the
hip.
Bigelow's
Maneuver:
for
Posterior
Hip
Disloca:on
Allis's
maneuver:
for
Hip
Disloca:on
• With
the
pa:ent
supine,
the
pelvis
is
stabilized
by
an
assistant
applying
pressure
to
the
ASIS
• The
surgeon
applies
longitudinal
trac:on
in
the
direct
line
of
the
deformity
followed
by
flexion
of
the
hip
to
90o
while
con:nuing
trac:on.
• Internal
and
external
rota:on
of
the
hip
are
performed
un:l
reduc:on
is
achieved.
Gravity
Method
of
S:mson
• The
pa:ent
is
laid
prone
on
a
table
or
cart
with
both
lower
extremi:es
hanging
off
the
end.
• An
assistant
stabilizes
the
pelvis
while
the
involved
hip
and
knee
are
flexed
90o.
• The
surgeon
grasps
the
leg
just
distal
to
the
flexed
knee
and
applies
a
longitudinal
force.
• Gentle
internal
and
external
rota:on
of
the
hip
may
aid
the
reduc:on.