Pronounce / id / after / t / Pronounce / d / after all Pronounce / t / after all
and / d /. voiced consonant voiceless consonant sounds: / b, g, j, l, m, n, sounds: / f, k, p, sh, ch, r, v, z / and after vowels s, x, /, except / t /. / a, e, i, o, u / , except / d /. Ed as “ID” Ed as “D” "Ed" as “T” accepted needed advised killed asked looked afforded painted (ad’vaiz) + listened baked missed arrested planted d lived brushed mixed attended presented agreed loved cooked packed collected pretended allowed measured cracked passed contacted printed answered moved crashed picked counted protected appeared opened danced pressed decided provided arrived planned (da:ns) pronounced defended rented believed played +t pushed demanded repeated belonged performed dressed relaxed divided reported burned pulled dropped shopped ended respected called rained escaped slipped expanded rested carried realized smoked expected scolded changed remembered finished stopped exported shouted cleaned repaired fixed talked flooded skated closed saved guessed typed graduated started covered shared helped walked hated treated cried shaved hiked washed hunted visited damaged showed hoped watched included waited described signed joked worked invented wanted died slammed jumped invited wasted dried stayed kissed landed earned snowed knocked encouraged studied enjoyed traveled entered tried explained turned explored used filled welcomed followed whispered worried yawned Pronunciation of the simple past -ed
After unvoiced sounds such
After voiced sounds such as b, g , v, z, , m, n, ŋ, l, , and r as p, f, s, k, , and pronounced like t pronounced like d pronounced like d pronounced like id IPA Base Simple past IPA Base form Simple past IPA Base form Simple past IPA Base form Simple past form p Help helped B grab Grabbed stay stayed add added
f Stuff stuffed G hug Hugged free freed grade graded
Laugh laughed V save Saved lie lied
S miss missed Z ooze Oozed hoe hoed decide decided