Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

HEART RATE MONITOR USING 8051 MICROCONTROLLER

Name of the Members: - Name of the Guide: -
1. Himanshu Gaur (13EVJEC008) 1. Mr. Kausar Ali (Assistant prof)
2. Neeraj Meena (13EVJEC017)
3. Shubham Tiwari(13EVJEC028)
4. Yogendra Sharma (13EVJEC034)

Abstract:This project is designed to measure heart beat (pulse count), by using embedded
technology. In this project, simultaneously it can measure and monitor the patient’s condition.
This project describes the design of a simple, low-cost controller based wireless patient
monitoring system. Heart rate of the patient is measured from the thumb finger using IRD
(Infra-Red Device sensor). Pulse counting sensor is arranged to check whether the heart rate
is normal or not. The patient heart beat monitoring systems is one of the major wrist strap
watch, or any other commercial heart rate monitors which normally consisting of a chest strap
with electrodes. Despite of its accuracy, somehow it is costly, involve many clinical settings
and patient must be attended by medical experts for continuous monitoring.

Introduction

This project is useful in medical applications Block Diagram

and offers less cost and size than ECG
(Electro cardiogram). In the case of
emergency, for people who are suffering
with heart diseases continuous monitoring of
the patient are required which is sometimes
not possible in the hospital or the patient
location is far away from the hospital. In
such case this prototype circuit is useful to
measure the heart rate so that patient can be
under control, prevented from serious
situation before reaching to the hospital.
Heart rate monitor using 8051
microcontrollerdevice senses the heart rate
from the fingertip using IR reflection
method and displays it on a three digit seven
segment display in beats per minute. The
circuit has an accuracy of 4 beats per minute
and it is very easy to use. In medical terms,
the technique used here for sensing heart
rate is called photo plethysmography.

ECE IV VIT, Jaipur


Circuit Diagram
Working of the heart rate monitor
LTH1550-01 photo interrupter forms the
photoplethysmographic sensor here.
LTH1550-01 is simply a IR diode – photo
transistor pair in single package. The front
side of the IR diode and photo transistor are
exposed and the remaining parts are well
isolated. When the fingertip is placed over
the sensor the volumetric pulsing of the
blood volume inside the fingertip due to
heart beat varies the intensity of the
reflected beam and this variation in intensity
is according to the heart beat.
When more light falls on the photo transistor
it conducts more, its collector current
increases and so its collector voltage
ECE
Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller
decreases. When less light falls on the photo
transistor it conducts less, its collector
current decreases and so its collector voltage
decreases. This variation in the collector
voltage will be proportional to the heart rate.
Any way this voltage variation is so feeble
and additional signal conditioning stages are
necessary to convert it into a microcontroller
recognizable form.
The next part of the circuit consists of a two
active low pass filters using opamp LM324.
The LM324 is a quad opamp that can be
operated from a single rail supply. Resistor
R23, R17 and capacitor C5 sets the gain and
cut off frequency of the first filter. With the
given component values, gain will be 11 and
cut off frequency will be 2.5Hz. The gain
and cut off frequency are determined using
the following equations. Capacitor C15 is
used to by-pass noise if any may cause false
triggering of the comparator.
Voltage gain Av =1 + (R17 / R23)
Cut off frequency Fc= 1/(2π *R17*C5)
The second low pass filter also have same
gain and cut off frequency. The two low
pass filters form a very critical part of the
circuit as any noise or false signals passing
to the microcontroller stage will produce
disastrous results. The output of the filter
stage will be a voltage level fluctuating
between 0 and 0.35 volts and this fluctuation
is converted into a 0 to 5V swing using the
comparator based on the third opamp
(IC1c). The reference voltage of the
comparator is set to 0.3V. Whenever the
output voltage of the filter stage go Heart
rate monitor using 8051.es above 0.3V, the
IV VIT, Jaipur
 Heart rate monitor using 8051microcontroller

output of the comparator goes to zero and 12v,1a Adaptor

whenever the output voltage of the filter 7 16×2 LCD 1
stage goes below 0.3V, the output of the 8 15
Resistors
comparator goes to positive saturation. The
9 Capacitors 10
result will be a neat pulse fluctuating
between 0 and 5V at a rate equal to the heart
rate. This pulse is fed to the microcontroller
for counting.
Application of the Project
Heart Beat Sensor
The Health care industry is responding to
Heart Beat Sensor The Heart Beat signal is the increasing popularity and availability of
obtained by LED and LDR combination. technological innovations, this electronic
Pulses form hands interrupts the light device will be able to detect heart rate at
reaching the LDR and this signal is read by any time, as it is relatively compact and easy
microcontroller, The RF signal is to use people will be able to keep track of
transmitted by transmitter in a digital their cardio logical functions at any time
format. This circuit uses Manchester anywhere, it will be their own personal
encoding to avoid a long trail of one or zero. doctor. It will find use with heart patients
The protocol is well defined for different who need regular diagnosis to be alert for
device types ensuring compatibility with proper and professional medical attention.
your whole entertainment system 5 bit
address and 6 bit command length. Constant
bit time of 1.778ms bits are of equal length
of 1.778ms in this protocol, A logical zero is References
represented by a pulse in the first half of the
1. Circuitstoday web:
bit
http://www.circuitstoday.com/heart-rate-
monitor-using-8051.
Component List
2. J. Prasath, "Wireless monitoring of Heart
Sr.No. Name of Quantity Rate using Microcontroller,"
Component International Journal of Advanced
1 8051 Programming 1 Research in Computer Science and
Board
Electronics Engineering (IJARCSEE),
2 AT89S51 1
Microcontroller vol. 2, pp. pp: 214-219, 2013.
3 Programming Cable 1
4 LTH1550-01IR diode 1
Sensor
5 Op-Amp LM324 2
(Low pass filters)
6 Dc Battery Or 1
ECE IV VIT, Jaipur