3. Practical applications
Sand
Cement
Concrete
Gravel Water
Chemicals
(performance enhancers)
‘Designed’ damage
No strength loss but decreases durability (service life!)
Typically:
Micro crack formation
‘Designed’ damage
No strength loss but decreases durability (service life!)
→ Ingress of aggressive chemicals
→ Degrada on of concrete matrix
→ Risk of reinforcement corrosion
Needed: Self-healing mechanism resulting
in Sealing of cracks, reducing permeability
1. (Encapsulated) cements,
expanding agents
2. Fiber reinforced
cementitious composites
3. Encapsulated
chemical agents
Locations:
1. Chiprana, Spain (dessert crusts)
Endolithic communities
Alkali-resistant
spore-forming bacteria
2. Concrete compatible
Endospore
1. Bacteria (catalyst)
Bacteria food
Quantification of crack-healing
Massive CaCO3
precipitation
325 mm
Expensive
1. Strong
Initial products
1. Bacteria
2. Food (Puracal)
3. Bacterial growth agent
4. Encapsulation Matrix (Puralact)
Spores / Nutrients /
CaLactate PLA-coating
1. Repair materials:
→ Impregnation system
→ Repair mortar
2. Self-healing concrete
→ Impregnation system
→ Leakage proving /
increase durability
→ Repair mortar
Thermal changes /
Drying shrinkage
Delamination
15 15
?
? 100 cm
100