A TEORIA DA ELETRICI DA
Mllrlins, N'ls\ll1, 19:10-
E DO MAGNETISMO
\11111 Intl'o<lll<,::lo ;', I 'ori;1 da clctricidadc c do 1n;1.-
11'lisl1lo, SI\) Paulo, '~d'ard Bilichcr, 1975,
p, ilusi.
Ilihlio raria,
I. I~I 'Iri 'i<l;ldc . MagnctislnO 3. Tcoria clc- Profe",wr tit,lIlar de h"iea Geral e J~xfleri/llelltal e JJr"ji'"s"r t{t"IIII' tit'
'Icoria J.::Iel,ro/llaql1iitica da Ulliversii!ade Mlw/(ellzi£,; I'n!lcss"r 1/1111/11'
tit'
tl'Ol111l II 'Ii 'a I. Titulo.
Jo'isil'a ria i"awlrlarle de [1I!lellllaria l1/'11lOlIrJOIi IIlllrt'S 1'/'1111'11t1"
rill i"1I11r111('I;O
17. 00-537.1
I~, -530.141
17. c 18, -537
538
j
1'111(1.' II( (1'11«IM() II(1Z II ('IIWIIII II.
I I
I.
I. \
III ( I i 01 d 11111 I I
'01 H II 0 I' •• . • • • • . • . . . • . • .••
7,i1
do pol 11 '1111 , .
'I,,~
7.6
7.7
H. Equival'n ill cnll'c \;lcl'l1 nto d' 01'1'·lIt· '1ilWI III IlIovllll 1110 'I'
H.. A induG'O magneticu ,., ,, ,, ., , , •• , I
It I 10,
II H ,I(),(,
fll)
I(),I
(, III 1().H
,() I)
III I()
Mild 11'11~\I d I Id III 11111 Pi II , , ....•• ", •• '" ••• " ••.. '" 1I11
('olld 4,l III :011111111
I pilI I" II .,.,.",., •• , •• ,'.,. , •• , 1'1'
MOllllllllIlIllll-IlIl'O d 11111 11'1111 .. ,,, •.. """""" •.. '." 1'1
o " P II" do I IlIln ...............•.....•.. , .. , ••.• , , •. , , , •• , • \11(1
II () 111II d liN 11111n t '0 .. , ...• , ...............•....• " •••• ,.... I'll
I I, I I'll 1'11111
IIi\IICI ISl110 ....•......... , , ..• , ., .. , . , , •• , •••• , , lilt<
II Pr' . 'SS 0 ellIS dip liON nlll n 11,( N , , •..... , . ,. , .•• " In I
II I 'I' 01' l1Ia d LUl'IlIor (I H97) .. , , , , , ...•.....•...•. , •, . III I
II I DiulI111.gnctismll , . , , .. , .... , .. , .. , ...• , , , .. , . , . , ... , , • ,. , , • III
II, I' rr( mil netisl110 , ., ........•...... , .' ....•• " ....•• ,. • 1111,
lilt urvll d prim il'a imuntfLI.a () ., .. , , ....• , .....•.. , •• , • IUK
II I I ,I - Ilistercse , , .. ' .. , .. , , , , , ..• ,.", lOll
II H I. .17 - Desimflntn<,;f. "., .. , " .......•.. , .. , , ...• ,."., •• ,. 1111
1II1 I .18 - ir ultos magn6tic s ., , .. , .. , , , ,. ,•,• II I
I I 10 I .19 "x '1' I'i s r 'solvid s ...•.................. ,. , , ......• ,. ,, ,• II I
II II Problemlls , , , , , .....•....• ,, II I
)I'Iltill I lil,'IIIIIII'1i I" 'l1i' - 'j 'nlil'i 'II t rasil il'lI "in la lTluito pobl'c, cSI cramos
II) '(lrIIIIS 1'!(;'r;('(lS
'1111 I' IlllL lillill 'Ill vllnlll' '/11 (ldi 'il n;d 0 (:110 "'st livro cstar cscrito em p 1'-
1111\11 1)1' qilitlilil 'I 111/111
'irll, s' ( livl') 'olat (ral', L1m p ue qu scja, para inccn- 1\ pI' 'S 'llyll I' 'ar 'as 'I 'Iri 'as (' 'Ollsl:!I:1 III lIlr;IV('S III exisl 'n 'j I d,' 1111II
II III II I' Ilid 11I1,'s III 'sllIt!o III lisi'll ' 'nsinlll' Itl 'um;1 coisa aos univcrsil[lrios (1llrlllivlIS 011 r'pulsivilS) nlrc as m'Sl11l1S,
11111
Ih Illl, 0 11111 S' s'nlil'{l 1''' 11p'nsill , 1\0 lIIril:lrl110S 1I111basW d' uml ar '0111 lIl1111P '/' , '010 '1111110,1111 III
I' Idll1illl, 110s' pllhli 'ar UI11livro, qu' 1IL11I' a radcc;a ;\quclcs que cobbora- proxillli<llldl's I'wilil 'nos II d;I~' S il' p:" 'I, l'~ll'~ SilO 1III'lIidos, Sl' \'01(11'/1111111
II
I 1I11dl III(Hlo i1i!' '10 I U intlir'l( 1111I' ;tlizlIC;uo <1;1obra, "m nosso caso, nao S P dll,,(\~ d,' pl'l,'1 pr6ximos :10 lImh:lr s 111i1I1' I iv 'SS' sido IIlrl(lldl1 11/11111
111'111
111111III' tllll , ' lIim '1110 (I 11111
h[lbito, 111:ISsil11 <I uma brigaC;1o, Muita PCSSOIIS I"'I'ill. 1','10 Illt\l I' \ b:lsli\o d' i\1111)~lrI',. sido Illrillldo '0111 11111/1
(lI'I', II 11111\/11
/11111111
\'11 olviil(lN 1111'onl" \',0 d'slll ohl'lI c'osl'lriamos dc deixal' aqui nossos /ld /ltirill "rillS II'( pri 'd,ld 'S III 1'1 'J'Illilllll'lIll1 01'111/" 'illl '1110 d' fOI','II, dl'lillll
/1111III' Ip,1 III, 'iI1l,'1110S, p1'in 'if'!:tlm 'nt' I'IS S' ruinl 'S ,(;ssoaS: a minha pOS;I' ,'110, N'sSIIS 'Olldiy( 'S, diz 'mos IU' 0 ll11lll1' lid luil'iu ('{(I'!I(/S I'!{;''';('(I,I' 1111,1I11J111
••
111111Itlhll" 111'111
PU 'i '11,ill lJlI' liv 'r:tlll f'!arll 'omi '0 durantc Il'ab't1ho: ao colc 'II Illl'l1ll', i1II' fi 'ou ('/('lri;;or!o, 1\ xp 'ri~n 'in qu' II 'lIbll1110S d' lli'Sl'I' 'V\'I l' II 1111'
\11I tli ill 1 1I111111
'I', lIUl' I'oi 0 'ollllol'i1dol' 1111prim'il':t I'as , quand apostilamos IllId/l 11[1I.'i " I I,
II 1111ll: III '01, UN ,""Ii SlIv'rio Mujorill1ll ' I\nl 'ni Santoro, qu I'oram S ll) 'I'I/I//s tit' {'(I/'IiI/S {'/(I'r;('(ls
II 1'1111I \'1 I ,II I'illlrll I, 1I1~uns 'Iii 11ulos, Su '1'in 10 1110lil'i 'ac;-cs: p I' rim, ao
lId I (' Illll 1111111(10'hoI11'i,O lIll;tI I 'v' PIll'li 'il 11r,:i10I'unclamcnt,d ncsta pLibli- 1\ ror,'ll l'IIII" '1I/'PlIS i'lIllis ' 1'('/lIIls;I1(1; ,'1111" '1I1'/IIS dir'I'l'lll •. ' I//,'(I/It II 1'111
1111,
111,IH'lll III\'\'lllivo\,oIlSlulll " I 'IllS 'I'ili 'liS, I 'III l'ilLll'l1 ' 'OITCC;U do, ri'inais, IIlllhos os 'IIS0S II I' 1\'11Iilllli ~ 'l11pr' s' ,un 10 II lillhll i1111'lilli' II. \'11/ I 1'111,1111
pl'll 111111'11
1,'10 tI\' 1I111111S'x 'I' 'I'ios, , idl'lll,'ll 0,
(' nsi<l,'" '1I10S IIlll hllsl: 0 d' , 1111nl' 111,.1111
10 '0111 Iii, Pllnll'llIl 101 11I1i! 111111
v) /ilil'('/I "/11/'/' tllI(/S 'III'I/(/S 1'/,:1/' ,'liS, ""'t'/'SIIIII/'III" /II'/I/I/I/'d/ll/(// tl/ "II/II/"lld,1 '/,/
II/SIIIIII'II/ li"i' I/S S/'I'/II'I/
,'upolI(lo dUllS P'ljU'l1l1S 'sf'l'liS doilldus '01110 IlI'SIlIO Iii 011\' '1If11l ('1"1, III
SUNI)l'I1NIIS POI' fios d' s'du I' p 'NI)S d 'I'll I' '/,iveiN, , IIdlldtillllo, 1111'1\1111
11111111111
liS 1I1[ISNlIH IllS 'Sf'l'ilS s'jllm i lillis, 'OilS' lIiln S IrIVlIl',IIIIIIV\' dll 'IH'IIIIIIII
I' '1111:1.11
II n 'om n hlllanc,;a \, 1 I'c,;, ( 'ouloml, In ), qlll' II l<lI\'1 'III '1l11i \' 1\ III
vlIrill, '0111 III' , ii'll
, I
/' (/. '
I'~
011 I" I' ' n lisl, n 'ill enll" os ' 'nII'OS tillS lUllS I 'Ill 'l1llN 'sf 'I'll, ,
I) i"OI'('(/, ellll'!! dIms CW'OCIS 'l ;Iric /.1', f}l'o!Jol'('iollo/ (/0 fll'Iirllllo tit' SII1/8 1//11//11 dlll/"
'onsi I 'l"nIOS, ini ialmente uma 1 'till 'n:1 'sf,J't1 l11'l{ili'li ,l'lriZIl III '0111 1111\
, rto Ii, () d' 'nl' 'a 'I'lrica, 01 qu mos nlls 1 I'oximidlld 's 1111)11
110lilill I tI, 1'11'11
II II Ii Itll 11111,1('11
!/.lI\IIIS do III 'smo modo ' to 'adas com mesmo malerial, nas HlIsP'l1slI POl' um fio de seda e ele(l'izadll 'om 0 nl'smo lipo d' 'III I \'/"1111 I till
111111111\'IIIHII~'1 l' , S', '1111''1;lnl(, 1 'al'm05 uma Ias bolinha com 0 bastao de '1'1"1'11,V 'I'ifi 'amos, 'nli'io, apal" 'im 'nl d, uma fo n,-II, till' d'si,1l11l1l11 11111I"~
11111111
11111111111
'11111 It, , II oull';t
111' 'om 0 hasl;lo I vidr alrilado com seda e colo- '01110 11[1 I, iI, 1-.,
11111111111111pH'lxilllll dll 01 (I'll, 1'1' mos lois sistemas el'lrizados de;; modos dire-
111III NI' \' '11,0, OWI'I' 'n'1 IIII'o('rio 'nl 1" 'las, I\ssim, devido as intel'ayoes enlre
II 1111/11111
I , plll'llIOs dislill 'uil' 1 is lipos Ie caPaS elctl'icas, A Fig, 1-2 iluslra
\ 11111
1)1Ipii 'undo II qlliinii III I' (1:1 'sf'l'li 111'1(i1i 'II, POd'l1lll \'011 111II II
III 111",ill1 '11(0 I' Ulllt\ fon_a I', nil lolinlill '1111 'sf'rll, 'Oltlll 1111)- i , I 'I. I'nlllllill
I lo',d 'I' d 'SH' Illodo, I'll! "SSiVUIlI 'nl'; s' lripli '1II'1110s II 1'111
~II till t' It'l I, !l'1 '11111
1'01\'11"1/",
1111111 '1',
I'od ,'''os 'ol)L'ltlil' I"' II fOI'~;11 'IIII" dUIiN :111'111,,Ii-II! '110 PIOI"111 hili II III
pi Ildlilo lI'sNIIN 'III' 'liS, Oll Nojn,
I,' I '11'/'
I
I', I II
I 1/,1/, l" I '
1/11/\
, /', \
1/11/1/,
,..' ',1
"j J 1'1 \ 1,1
1/11/
1'12(/ l ell'
I'll
e - I'll.
12 - 1',
,'Ull In II l'orQa um', gl'a,ndeza vetorial, devemos levar em conta esse fato na
\ pi (\ HI ( dn forQI.l cntr cargas elctricas, Admitamos varias cargas, individuali-
IlllIlI, POl' 1/1, ft2 ' , " C, para simplificar, todas do mesmo tipo, isto e, todas negativas
r , Il I
1/1
1"\
I/l t'
I
I
II11 Ind I, positivas,
1IIlIi 'III' 'mos POl' PI2 a forc;:a que age na carga ql' devido a presew;a de q2' I)n 111'SlliO 1110do, :I (1-2) l'i(;III'['
Iii· 11111Iliodo 'cral, Pi} representar~l a fon;a na i-esima carga, devido a presenc;:a
d I II} 1 I 'sima, Pela pl'opriedade aditiva dos veto res, a forc;:a total na carga ql' I''1/ '-ftlft' - ,. I_ ft I 1/,1 ,.
1',1 1,\
1/1 1/'1 I'
/,,\ 1,1
, I'~ 2 I 1.1
III l'ldll pI' 'S 'nQa das cargas q2' q3' ' .. , sera 14
,1111'II IU' I.l fon;a que atua sobre a carga ql' devido as cargas Q2' Q3' Q4"'"
S, 11:1 'XPI'l'SSIIO (1-,) sui sIiluil'I110S 0 silll1 010 d' I I'OPOI' 'IOIlitlldlid' I J ) 1"11
V \1 nl'illl
1111111 clas fon;as de cada uma das cargas, como se as demais nao esti-
lIlllll cOllsl:IIII' C. lor 'X'l1lplo, a 'XPI' 'SS, 0 l'i'III't',
I III Pll nl's,
:'1 livl"'ll1ns a situac;:ao representada na Fig, 1-5, onde 1'12 e a distancia que , 1/1 1/
I pili I II, lI' / ' poderemos associar ao segmento de reta 1'12 um versoI' el2, di- 1'2 /' I '
I
1111111
• lIll' dlldl a direc;:ao do mesmo, De um modo geral, 0 segmento de reta que
1111 1\ III I I·"sima aj-csima, indicaremos pOI' I'ij eo versoI' associ ado do mesmo, eij'
Oil k, (' d', 'l1d '1'[, dlls unidlld '1'1 '1'1'olhidas PlIl'jI /,', 1/ ' 1', No "j, t '1111 ,'I (.'I 1\1111
1111'1'1111,jolllll"'), ,.. " III 'did" '11111 'wlOI1 (N), 1/ '111 '( ,IIOlllh ( 'j l' I' 'III 1111'110 (111)
No V;'I(',IO Illlo!:II'L'1l10S P;II';I '() v:dol' 1/l).m:,I, ljll' 'OII'~1 Olldl' 110 ,,~Il'1l11 1\1' "
I'Il'ipnllli/lldo, I ',1111'nl,1 I' '11l(1S
0 Lj1111 I o~t 'l'iPl'lll '1I1l', 1,111II,
~q2
r 12, e 12 1/11/ ,
I' /' I J '
r IJ I
------~ (!J
e, J +N 'Wlllli (N), \I 11IIIIIIIII tli' 10";11lI"l' Il1l1l1l11ll'1111111 \(llllll, tip 11111II "1111'1111111111111"11111111
1111111
11",1"II~'lo tI" 11111 11111111POI Nil 11111111 pili 11\'/-IIIIltll,Illi tllIl'~'II' till 1(l1~'11Nil HINIIIIIII ('j ,II 111\11111111
Iii
111I~'11(, II tlll1l1 (dyll): I tlyl1 Ill' N
+( ',1111,,'1111(1'1 \I 11Itill II" (I, ('/I, II '1I~1,j1'/11111'1"11"111111(11'
tli 1'lIllil IIi/ltll, 11'1111\1/1111111 III 1111II
li'li' 111111II' 11,tlllIlIlll,' 11111 '" IlIltI", 11111111,\11" 11111\ II I 1111/111111/111
I II, 11111 "111"'11111III I I III I "" 1'111
1111111 I 11111'1111'
tll' 1111'11' ""t11 III 1Ii11'1 V, I ~IIIII II '111\11111111
II
+tvll'I III 1111111111""111
III I 1111'1
II 1111
111111/111I jlllill II I II II II' \ 1\ \111111'1
1111
1\111III 11111111
1111""11
"" III" II~III 111111"1'"111111111 I 111I1I"~IIIII'"11 II 1\III~ '/11111 ,I 11111111111111 11111111111111IHI
:1111111
'II 111111\ pll 1IIIIll \ II 1\ 1'1 rill' I dll VII\ 1111\' I' d 'IIPIIIIIIIIlIIi WI'I/III "ltllIll' I,ll: ; I 1111, I 11l1\' I 1/11 d 1'111II 11'1(1
/1/111 rll/ /ltI'IiI/, l'lldl) 'II V dill" IIPIP~ 1111\1111111'111
••
1" II
'1/11:" ,u
I', tI ,J I'
I',
illd I 111111.',
," '(lilli' 'l'l'1ll(l~ II d 'Il~itllld' v(lllllll~'11 kll tll' \'Ill I dll \'111pP, I III I,
N . 11l~ I'PIIIP Vlll'ill II 'III' '11 do 'Ol'pp pOl' 1I11idlilk dl' v\IIIIIII', 11"\' " \!l'lillld i 11111
<) X 10"
('
' 1\ )
I 1111
"11111 I '1il'!':i1i'IIIlilp (1·(\1 1;11':1 1/ I I cal'/;:Is 110 V:ICLI(), a I'pn,:a lIuma cal'ga ,II' ,(> \ II
(I 1/1111,dl'vi 10 ;1 pI' 'S 'l1<,:a diiS c1emais, SCI'[1
I "II'If'
\' '.1 e
4nl' L., 1'2 ij'
'0 j 1 ij
I' 'SSilO (1-7) (: conhccida como Il!i de Coulomh para um conjunlo discl'cto
d\' 111l111~ 110 Vi'I 'uo. 1\ (1-6) c denominada de lei de Coulomh para duas cargas
1'llIlldol'lIl'S,
,'lilHll11tlimos que, ao inv6s de duas eargas punliformes ou utn eonjunto dis-
I 'Ip dl' 'III' 'il~, lenh:lmos uma distribui<;:~o continua de carga e queiramos calcular
(1-10) 1I0S dt'l a ('( n;1I 'Ill I( 'x 'I' ·idll P ,Ill pI' 'S '1\(;11 dll 1::11')'11 ) d i~11 1111dll i Iii III
I l\lI\'1 1111111i1
'1II'ga II c1evida a essa dislribui<;:~o. Na pr[ltica, ocol'I'e 0 aparecimento
VI IUlll' do 'Ol'pO, '0111 d 'Ilsidlld' volumelri 'lid, 'III' 'II /i,
Iii I'PlllII,~ 110~ qUilis as cargas sc encontl'am dislribuidas, sendo necess{lrio conhe-
(~ 110111 I 'm hl'lI I' qu', (;111 • '1':11, (i (1(\,.1',::), islo .. (/ lkp 'Ild' dli IHI 1\ II,
1\'111111'1i 1'01'\,'iI 'xcrcida pOl' esse sislema sobre outra carga, como na Fig. 1-6.
VIIl'ili d' I onlo p:trll pOllio do 'orpo ' pod .• ill 'Iusiv .• S'I' 1111111
('1111(;
10 II I 11111\
'ompli'lld:1.
1\0 qll' liss '1ll0S III" aqui, podcl11os II 'I' 'S' '111111'
0 s' llilll(': S' 0 111\'1(1\'111 11111
'id 'Ulll1110S 1I I'OI'l':1I d' ('oulorllb 1'01' oull'O qll' n: 0 0 VI'I 'uo, 0 dlll d I 111I~'li I'
1I10d i ri 'II ',S' 'ss' m 'io for homo),!. ~II '0 ' 'I 'I I'i 'ilill 'n Ic iSOll'l'lpivo, /I 1'01 'I 1'111
II
S'lldo Ii II (I(,l'IIlili"illlllll' ('/(;ll'i('(/ do /}/c;o olld' S' 10 ';di/,lIl11 liS l' 11/\ I. I'll I 11111(1'
o~ Ill'ios 1ll:lI 'I'I:IIS, lio' Ii. D:d 'Oil 'luilllOS qUI.', PIII'Ii \:111'II, Ilililld'tIiIII('~I, 111111,11
" 1IIIIior IUlllldo liS 'III' '1I~ '1"Iri 'i1S S' 10 'i1I i,,lII11 11(1 V(I('IIP,
1\1 I"~ 'nllll' '1110S iI) Ol'iI II~ :II11i 'II~'I 'S diiS l'xpr '~,'I) '" dlH1 101~'11 'lilli' \' IIpll
(,j"ll'i 'II~, PIII'Ii ill 'UI1S 'iiSOS ~i)lll)I's, Ii I'illl d' 1111\' po.', 1111I, pi I, \'111 \'vld\ 111111,II
1'11111
, \' V d '11111
r il 1'01\'11I ( I ill 'Ill II ':IIISIII!:t pdl d isl ri hui<;~o d ' ca I' 'II e10 '01'1 0, PI'O' 'S~O (k 'i'lIl'1do 'livolvidl).
lilli' IIIIHIiI'"l(l, l'OIllO 1 '1ldo 11111/1('lIl'l\iI 11)lld 0, dev'l11os I roced 'I' dll S' 'Uillll' Vi,'lo /II' II~ 1'1l1\'IIS, 10) ,'III\\I('I.IIS Vl'lIlrillis, qlllllilli 'I lilli' Will I) I I \1, tI, \\'11111
IlIlIlH'II I, 1,1,doli 11110.' 11111'IL-11I1.'1l1l1\IL- 'III' 'II do 'orpo II) 'S '.ill C 0 V 'rsor d' I', ('01110 I ','IIIllIdll rill II, ',p ','in 'iii' 0 11\\'\(11110, 1 dil 'I,' i\ ' II 1\'lIlldll dll lOll, I
dl I III II dll "'Illl'nio I','\'oillido:\ '11')'11 II, () '1'111'1110 d' '111''II d ) 1'111';'1
'0111 1111'
11111111'\11
1'111I( 1111111
I'()I\'II Iii", 1':,\'1' 'VI'1l10, ('nillo II) /"/}/'('/1 1'1111'(' 1111118 ('111'1/8 11/1111/111'111",\
J' I
" 1~
IlIlIh. 4'1' i' 0 v 'I'sor qu' dar[1 a dircyflo e 0 sentido de FI2, Para caracterizar per-
S '11(I I S 'II
1IIIIIIll'II11' I "'f~' pld'mcs csp'cificar 0 seu modulo: " I
I ,
I' - ~CfICf2,
III", p'llI fil'lIra, " 1(.0" ,
IX I -'
12 - 4m:o 1'12 III I
0: I I) I X()" ,
1'11111111/0lido, para' mpl tar a especil'icayiio de £'12 devemos dizer qual a sua ill If II ()
Ii II' Ii 'II S'li s'ntido, ;\ direyiio de FI2 C a de 1'12' reta que une q1 e q2' S 'n I) S '11(I X()" 0:) s 'n 0:,
101 0,
1'11111,11,0, '1IIi 10 de J< 12 code Cf2 para tll se ambas as cargas sao do mesmo sinal. I'
S '11 /1 - I~ S 'n IX
l'IIIIl'lllllo, Sill C tl2 tiverem sinais opostos, 0 sentido de Fl2 sera de q1 para q2' "I' ,
I) filll'('tI 1/1/1/1 I ('m'r,a devido cI. presen('(1 de duas outras
('1111Id 'I' '1110Suma carga tli situada num ponto 0, proxima a duas outras
(I - arc S 'n (';','II~) sen IX
111'1II • II, I'll \, '111IJ e ,respectivamente, A situayiio c a da Fig, 1-8, Seja ex 0 angulo () o,l'lllid, d' "I s'r(1 0 b lin 'on:ll 1\ I aral'l\ 1':11110IIIWO, lIPOllllllllll1 Ii
Itlllllllhl "lIlll' rl~ e 1'13' retas que unem tli a Cf2 e q3' respectivamente, () pli I'll II.
;111'111Id'lIII ,q e Ih positivas, a forc;a em lfl ,devido a Q2' sera F12, e a forc;a ,) ','111'('11 I('o/t/o II ///1/11 d/SII'i/iII/(' ill lil'll!ol' iiI! (' {r(JO
III' d 'viclo a 1f3' ser[1 FI3,
11111111 A forya resultante em Cfl sera Fl' dada pOI'
S '';11I. () 'om, rim 'nto d' Ul11it linhit '111'1"IIdu ')111 1I1111l'III' It tOllt1 (J, . '1'111
"I = FI2 + F 1 ;1 ' II "It ilION qll' 'SNIt 'ltrglt se listribua unif'ornl '111'nt' POl' lodll II lillllll, 1,10 \\ 11111
II d 'IiSitlild' lill 'ar d' 'ur fI seja conS!lInl , t 'ndo ) 111'1'111\ vulol' tI 1(11110111111
POI11\ clit linhll,
II 1'2
I'll = 4m:o r2-e12
PI'O'lIl'llr'IIIOS '(II'llllll' fI f'()r~';1 Ill' 'ss;llill"lI '111'1"Itdlt il'(1 ')('I'\'l'l \1/111'
12 (1111/1'III' II plinlil'orm' If, ~ituada 1I ull1a dist 11'ill II d' 1111111 tillS' 'II' 'litid Ill, III
I Cfl II I
1'1.1 = ,2 . l! 13. ,, lil1lll1 \' 1111III'Sllia dir 'C;, 0 d'sl:l, '01110 Ila I,'i" 1-<),
4m:o I 13 1'12
,,
I
III 1I11l(II t! o.
---------
II--~=
.
II
0,',,'"
+1/,
I' 11111\ 1 'I
;\dlllillllllON lIll' IIlIlhos llS siSI 'lllilS liL' 'III'IIIN Sl'illill do 111\'111(11'11111\ 1111II
'III II ' '1'1'1 1\'1 III..ivlI,
,'('I,,\'ioll'IIIOS illi 'inlill 'III\' 1I1ll l'f\'llll'1I10 lit' \'011'1 I illl,'lllll rI • d I /1111111,
'1111
111111\'1 'I \1111 I "II'f II \'1\'lll\'liI II tI >, 1\ 1'(11\'1l'lIl II dl'VI 10 110 '/'1111'111"li,' 11111'11 ,/ )
"'1'1 ,/I,' PIli 111{11111\1,
I I )
, I '
It ' I{//II
,i I I JlIII II ,/ I I II
111111111111
PUll/I d '1INldlll!l- 1111\'11II' '111'1 II I 1111111
(\'111)111
pOI (lilid It!' k 11111'I 111111111111111\',1'1111
'1lIllpl'lli. I, \'11111tlll'l !III iI I t!11\'l,'lI1 'II '1IIIilil III
IIIIlilll 111\'"ll1l. 11Ili t!\'lillk 1\).
I' 1Ii11'~' \1 " I II I illt'lill'ill lilill \lu'
I. '1I11'1111I11l II , '1I1illo t' Il Ii' ilil 1IIIIII'II11l ilil
111111
I
d) II ds,
1 I Ilido ", v 1'l:SIIII;lclo 'III dF, "111'11'( 11,!11'1;11'() lIU ' roi 'xposlo ;i1l: "lIUi, d 'V '1110S;1 'I' 's' 'III II' Il l.i'HIIIIIII
il I1l'm'l'SSo plll'lI 0 '(iI'ulo d' rOI'~:"S sen'l dir'l'el1l', d'p 'nd 'ndo dll 1111111"11
1I1II1111
II '111')'n :I'll'i '" 'slivel' disll'ihllid;1 'onlil1u;lm 'nl ' sobl' , I111I '0 I'j)(l ,
!\SSilll, S' 0 'Ol'pO liv 'I' " form" dl: um aram 'Oll \' UI11;1hllst, 11111110
lill t. ,,,
modo tnl llll'" '"I' ';I S 'j;l fJ lisll'ibllid;1 por [0 10 0 eoml l'ill1 '1110 dil lio. lIi'lllI
I' 'lllOS IIl11n dl'lIsidad I lilll!al' dl! ClIl'yll, ;I qual anotal' 'l11oS POI' I', 011 svill. I I II II
POl' 1Iliidiid' d' 'ompl'il11l:nIO" 'j;1 entiio, d' ;lcol'do (;on a I,'i-, I-H), Ilillllllllli
1" IIdn 'S ,I, ,ion 'm s um elel11enlo de 'omprimenlo da linl1;l dl, IU' '1l111'I I 1111111
IU~lnl i I"d ' dl: (;"r 'a dq, D finiremos;I I 'nsidad(; linear d' ';11";1 d' lilill I 1IlIIIII
S 'l1do:
[_+J
O L , I\q dq
+ , Ii = /111'1
III to
AI
L\
= ell
-0
F = fLCI
4m:o
[~
a
__
a +L
I_J' '
M L
4nl;0 a(a + L)
Q
~i =y'
F = q9., __ 1_
4m:o a(a + L)
I' 1 ' pI' 'ssfio nos d:'1 0 mocl u 10 cia fon;:a que atua em q devido it presen<;a
d I /1111111
'111'1" ;Ida, n~1 silua<;~o dada, Vejamos alguns casos-limites, Imaginemos
lIIH'1/ I, (II I1l1lito m;liol' que L), Em oulras palavras, a distancia a partir da extre-
111111
HII' till lillhll at' 0 ron1o onde quen:mos calcular a for<;a e muito maior que 0
111111111111\'1110till pr6pria lillh;1, Isso poslo, podemos desprezar L comparado com
II 11'11'1110, '1111() POl' Ollll'O la 10, S' a (;01'10 livel' ;t rOl'nl;t I, UIlI:l pili '11 pllllill iiI' \' Ill' 11111
Illuilll P 'qu '11:1(011 d 'srI' 'ziv'I), s nclo q a 'al'g;t 10Iai do plilll\l, ddillill'IIIIl' 1111111
Qq
d"lISldl/dl' SIIIII"jlci(/1 de 1'1/1'(1(/, qll ' :lllolal' 'IIIOS POl' n, islo •.• II ('/11111Pili 1llIltllIl!r
47T1: (/2
0 Ii ••.I'll' ':1. I 'II 'Ol'tlo '0111~I I,'", 1·11, s ,I, 'iOlllllltiO 11111
'" 'Ill '1110 Ii' '111'1d,' \' \111111
1'1111\,illWtlilllllll1l'lIll' <ill' a 'XI I'l'SSIlO II 'imil C s 'Ill 'lh"lllc ;1 da ror~'a 'Ill I' ' tI" II \'/11')'11 'III 1111{II\'II "''''111 'lilliI', 'S 'n'v\'I' '1I10S
111'11 I III \1111 (JIIIIlI '~N, N' 'INO d'l'illil' III JN UIIIII dl'/ISldlldl' ,JIIII/IIIlI/riclI de
, III III, I', 1/I() {, 1\ '/11' II POl' Ull id)ld' I' VOIIlJ1l',
, 1\(/
11111
'IV ,n 1\ II
I' II I I d iSI I'it uiC;Jo superficial de ca r~a da I,'ig, /-14, a fory<l sera
() dS
dF = 4m:(1 ,.'2
e I"
P = [ ()dS e
4m:" ,.2,'
, S
I111 I lill tlilill', il r(JI'~'iI l'l11 I J, d 'vido dislribui<,:rio volumClrica d' C~I r NI)I! Ii\'V"1111I 'N'1I1 "TI' d' \III " ,V 11.' ('IIIP,IIN (', 11\1\'11'111 dl 1111111lill 1111111111111
.
il 1 •. 1,
till 1'1 I-I ' '1'1 111'1111' (,!JII' (I 1'(lIl'", 1111Ii I'll, idlldl' (lilll'III, SllIll'lll '11111111 VIIIIIIII! II III) "III \ 1111
I
(I-I'll II //1 I'l
I' III
~ ';
II
--
:....;;,. -
(J
, , J
)111
NUl I' ( I I
...•
Ii III (' ('0 ' I (\ I
I I1
l'
'/1
)
fl - n/~,l' d II (I' dll) (dl') (/' S '11 Ii //((1),
d II I'~ dl' S 11,11dllt/«(I,
)
/
I Jill IHIlllo 1I111dqll 'I" dl'l'inido p -IllS 'Oordl,.'l1l1lilis 1', () "(I, '1'11(1sohI" lImu 'sf 'I'll
Iii Ild\I" I Jill \I( 1I1l'lilo Ii' ('OltlPI illl '1110111 dil' ','f 0 rlidilll, 11()1'1ll1l111l'S~'rll, S ,r{1 dl',
I' II IIIiii' d\'SSII ';11"<1 ' d' 1,0 x 10 I') ,Ali{IS, cssa c a carga fundament.al, ou
.I
II IIIIt I
1'1", (jll tlill 'I' ';11' 'II {f pod's 'I' 'xpn.:ssa como LII11 mt:tlt.iplo int.ciro da carga do
1,11111111,,\' ill Ii 'al'rnos POl' (' a CIII' 'a funelal11cnl.'il, 10dcrcl110s escrc"cr sel11prc
\I 11I0111'1l[n 1111\llIllIlIi 1;ld' d' IIlovim 'nl" (1110111'1110 1111)111111')
dll "1,'111111 III/
II1II ""'''IIplo illl 'il'o d;1 qll;lIllidlld' II/ Jr, olld, II ' IIllill 'OIlSIIII)I\, IlIliv\'l I" I Itll
1111\111I'll/ISIIIIII' d' Plan 'k, qll' v;tI' Ilpl'oxil1l;ldlllil 'Ill' (',(1 10 \ 1.1', 1111 I
i11/\'IIIOi'l I,;nlllO qu' a carga elcll'i a 6 quantizada, I( 1111 ,'I. () \Ill' 1/ 'a111l1l0S II, 'xI or '()I'I' ,SI on I, ;1 11111dos POSlllllldo, 11\' 1111111
('0111 I' 'sp 'ilo ;'ts dilllens5cs at.ol11icas, podcl11os dizcr com seguran<;a que 0
No S'li 'silldo 1101'1
III tI, 0 (1lonlO Ilpr 'S '111:1 0 1II'SIl1\) II t'll I I '1'\1 Ill' 1'1('111111
15
/1111 do 11I't"'o vIII'i" el11l'e 10- 111 c 7 X 10-15111, enquanto que os atomos tem
di' III I'll ()IIS, Assilll, II 111111
'ria n( S 'U 'Slildo IH11'11"" " 11'IIII'll,
/11111 "Olllpl'''lldi los 'nlre 0,5 x 10-1°111 c 1,5 X 10-1°111, (Veja a Fig, 1-20.) II II 'Ilomilil/do d' IlLII11 '1'0 d' lllaSS;1 0 111'1111
'1'0 d' Pl'<'lIOlls 110 111'1
'I'll 1111111111
" 1I1110li '1111'Ill " illdi '1IIlIOS 0 11"1111
'1'0 d' l11assa POl' %, POI' 'X 'Illplo, 0 '111111111
Iii
/'
---- Alomo de hidrogenio
/
----- ---- ""-..
IlliIllI
1111'1101110(I'
lIio 1'111 Illlln
Ilidl'o '~Ilio,
'1'0 d' lIlassa
'0111 11"1111
'1'0 d ' l11aSS11i '1I,t!1I
i 'lilt! II Lilli " plll';1 0 1I1'i1l1io, /.
lilli, II rill I I, 'III\,
I) 1
0
NIl III
I 11'11111
II
/ '" / '\
1'1111'1111'0,
111111
\,11111(0 0
"Il"'SS{II'jO
1It'1" '0 P 1d 'n',
qu'
'onl
haja 11111 '1'11'011 l"volv'lldo
'I' UI11 Pl'('11011 ' 1111111'1111'011, '0111() 11111'1/
'111101110 dll 111111111
I I I,
I \
10 1 j rn
/ Proton \ I" II\S\' Vllsn, ( sisl'lI1ll S' 'hal1111 hidro' nin p'Slld(l \111 (kill "I'in, (),' -1"111111'1,'1I1
( \ \
II I, ('ll'hilllS, I' 'L Lllldo II t 'ol'ia d' Ilohr, possUl'm '11'1') il/s h\'111 (l1'11'1'IiJill 1111
\
10 10
Ii
j
Ii
I
I
\
\
G I
I
)
1111111
I,
1'\11' 11111
II
No
'klll'l'S,
PII"lloll,'
1I111ii'l jlll'l'liUS
;'1 '1'1I'i
od '111S 'I' arrlln
11111sisl'l11;1
';dlld',
'111 :1
Ilillil(l
Ilpl'
'ados
'stllllos d'
'1"11111111)'l'(lIldl'
'(1111I' '1IIIivil
111;lis 'Olilpli'IHlll,
'1l1'1')'ill 111I1i, h Ii
•• \'1111111111111
il
11111
11111\'1II /I
m
/ \ ~
III 1\'IlI(I~'lo, I)' 1I1I11Iqu'I' I11UIl,jl'a,;1 IOl'~'1I d' IIII'lI~"IO ('1111'1'0,' ,li'llOIl '/I'. 111/1
.,' lillI'" I- U Figura 1-21 /'111 'II '1111'(' 'II'S "(I' I'l'puli'l I)' A 1'\'sposlll " 11./111'('11
11I1c//' II" 1/\1\' i' 11111ItPil iii' 11111,
I
i111\1\'1I1\' i10, tipo,~ '0111 1/"' L'SIIIIIIOi'l III'OSllllllllt!IlS II lill II', 1'01110, PIli '\i'llIplo
1\ Ill,', I '()I'i 'liS do 1110d '10 ",('1l11ico de Rulhcl'l'orei 101'''111 dad"s pclo I'isico
/I IIli'lPIIII 1'01~'1 l'1\'II'Osll'lli'II, II 1'01\'11 t'I'IIVillll'iOlllll, L'I,', l'od"11111 111111111 i1"'
lillllllil 1111'SNi'ls !JolIl' (1<)13), 0 qu;II I'orilluiou "Iguns postulados que (oralll
1I11"111\'1111' 'olilil'I'\"IIO, 1111'1,\ 1)1'1'II,' I'OI\'IIS 11\1'1"/111',', 1I1,,~ 1110 IlIdll, I' i1l1i ,1111111
I IljllIl '1 ill' I 'plil'lIl' 0 :'1101110, Os poslul;ldos \' Bohr 1'II;I,Cl11p"rlc dc ul11a nOVII
11i'IIIIIlIII'i" 11111"lIl1lpo 111\'110 II pI', lilli, II., 1111111ill I 1111'11'1 illi I iIl\ II /1111,11
/1111111I 1'1, II 'nOlllilllldll 1I/('('(llIi('(/ (1IIIillliclI, qll' J, 1II,Ii ';Ivd 110 11111nelo alol11ico,
I 1/111' i\11 V dot " 11111110II IIHII' II I '1/11'1111 III, I 11\'/ I , 11111
, 1'111'11111111
II I~ 11,
"1/1111110 i 1 'Il/'ill ill: 1\(1111',0 ;'110111\ d' lIidl'O -'nio I 'rill () liSp 'elo dll I,'i" 1_ I, " lilli/III 11'1/111'1111
II II I 11111111','1
IIi I III' I,
ill' 11111III1Hlo 'l'Id, II 1111I,'i , I '. ,
1'11111/111III/III, l\'II'IIII111111i111 1 'ill I III '1110
1'1111\'111110 0,' 'I~'ll'(lll,' 111100 'UPIlI11 posj~'1 ',' lIt'hilr'l'lI'ills \'111 101'111)(10 1It'lI'ko,
11111111
d, " i1l'llIt I (I IlIilllli II 1111'1111111111111111
ill pllIllIlI
1111 '11i'111 I' '11/1, li,'/dIIiS /'/'1'111111 IllS, 1'111 "\I'lIlplll, 11/1111i'1I'hill 1','1 " 11I'1liJilidii
IlpII' 1111111
1'"11 1111111111111111
i1,' 111'111 I'" 1111'11I 1111'11/
t' do lill' Idil'iOlIIIi II) //1'11 11"11 /HO 11/
111111111111'01 '\ 111"1 II ("k'il i' 1llll'llll'" 11111\ 011'0, Illdll III Ii 1111
.'1I hiI'll i I' 'III' IllS ,I',
1111 111111111\111111, ,lbli'lI, des," 'Ol'po,() Ilod" ,0111111 011
I 111111 111111111111
d\ld' d' di/\'1 1111'II 11 \', II 1\'11\)1111'110
d \ ililitl II II' 111111
111'11
111\II I 11111\'01'1 P dL'II0l1lilll1 S' ('/1'11'i::1I('(/1l L1'1 '01'10,
111111 I'll III, P tli doll 111111\'11111,1111 lill\', IP 11111111111111' ° dOlI \11I1'1H \ III
Nil
111111 1I11111Ul'IIII'L'
I il visloS
dois
IHI il1irio
'Ul'pOS,
d 'st,
()Ulilldo
'11I)i1Ulo,
sc di'!.
II L:lL:tl'i",<I<,:ao sc dClI
ljll' II c1dl'i",a<,:i'io
aII'IIY',S
foi conseqi-icil
do 'Oll-
'i;1
IIII1P II 1IIIIItill ° \'PIII lip 1'1\1'\' P.' Ilil" 11111"
JI~III\1111 II, I 111I11I1l'1,1l' 1'10 lipos dl' 111111
'I i lis lill\' 1'111'Nl'1I1111111111111
11I1It! 111111
i111 iii III th' 11111111II1'l'il" POI' 01111'0, 0 all'ilo, como fcnomcno cm si, nao I:, 0 n;s-
III I '\\111l1 ('1('110111/ \' (11I11'0 qll' IIpr'sl'lIll1lll 1111111
Il'lld IIL'il tI~, v'd\'1 1,1"111111
111111IIv\'1 1)('111 'll'll'i",II~'i'iO: s 'I'y' lao-sol11cnlll para facilitar 0 contato intima enlrc
(IlIllldo 1111110, II \'X,wl'i Il,jll dl' 11111hi, 1110 d' vidlll ,l'IHlll 1111
il \(10 ('11111 \ d I
ill Ii \'1 ilili I, , \ II I~'III 1111111l'lId 11'ill 'Ill I'~' 'I 'I' l'it'II'IlIl,. '1llillll1l0 lIlI' 0 hi H 10 dl' Idl II, II;
Nil V I U L1l' ul11 lilli '0 (ilomo, essc ala r eebe 0 nome de ionizC/.(:ao, \ 1111111110,,1\'II\iL' /1 n'd ,,' '1[:,II'Oll," 1\1I110 11111 "rip 11IIIII '1'0 d' \'1"11011 II I II till
,',', I'll' 'uriosidild .• 111'111das particulas j[\ citadas, existem outras, que sao
111111
I d', Idl'll P II' I II, S '(III, II '1I1l 10, pois, II hlll'l'lI IL'vidro '11'1' 'f!, 1(111pori II IV 11111111
d 11111 III 'l'lh, I-I junl;II11'nle '0111 algumas de suas propriedades,
(1111 III 1I111111'IOtit' plololIS) '[I s'dll '1I1'1"ll1dll 11'/lIlivIIIII'lIll' ('XITS P d(' ('1('111111 I
NIllllIlo. qll'll '/11',11 \,;I"ll'i'li 11/10(: 'l'illdllll'llI d'Sll'lddli 'Il, \'IlIPII ('\111
'I':lhd:l I-I. 1':1rI jcul:l s clcmcnla rcs
1 111111,It'll 1\'11111
'lIl ' d 'vldo 1I UIIIII Idl '1'l1~'IIO 110 'lillillhl'io '1"II'j '0 (I.' l'll~ (111111111
Massa Carga 11111(1,IIPO l'i:1 1'111'I"!lIdo I osilivlIll1'llI , '001111'( Il'glilivlIllIl'l1l' '0111 lillllilltllilit
NOl11' Simbolo
11'11111I 1111('1101, () qu' II 'II hll 11IllS de di",l'l' 'ol1slillli 0 ", rill 'Ipio dll ('1111'1\'1
V'II II
1,'01011 y 0 Neutra " I III If ,/(11 iL'II,''', •
Ncutrino ,,0 o (?) Neutra
e 1,000 Negativa
1~lelron 11111/1'11'/ (/('(/11 /11/1" ('III/If/III
1)6sitron e' 1,000 Positiva
II 206,7 Negativa I \'\'\11 tI '1I10S II ' I 'I'i 'II 'i:1 10 ("111, I 'Ill qll' 1II1ltllllHlS 11111('(lII\(l \' 111\'1' 11111
{ Mesol1
Meson n 273,1 Negativa I. 11111\"11 .• 10 "I VII III oS 11111/1P 'qll '1111 'SI\:I':1 d' p:'I) 'I. 'I' '1I10S '1I11p, 11111
I "1111'1111
Meson n' 264,3 Neutra 11111I 11I11I1 \'111 :fl.11 10 ' 1I11~oulro 11'1111'0 (rI',' '111'1" lido), S, 11111do. \'0111"' \ II
{K'KO 966,5
905
Positiva
Neulra
I 1111
\'1/1 10 \'11'1I'll'/I~)) 'lIl " d I 'II mos 'I,llli 'x '('ssp (I' d "I rOilS, liS 1'01'\:11. I Ii' I 'pllill It
Positiva 111111 II' 1II1';IIIOS 111/,'111 'Oil) qu' hll,lll ulllil 1'lId~Il'ilili ')(PIII,':'llo,' do '1IIIHII'"11
{ 1'1'61011 II' I 836,1
Nl:ulrOn /I 1 838,6 Neutra 11111(' 1\ 1~IIIIJlI S "I ','Ilido lI'ull'O, S '1\ 10 II 'ull'o 0 I' '/'llIl(lo '01'10, illl\ 1IIII1II'II11
/I" 2 182 Neutra II II It I 'I I 11'11'1' '11I1sl" 11'm Itl1'1I~'1I0 '1111" IlS dois, 1\1I11\'11I111I, 110 1'11\'111111 \1111
1:'1 2325 Positiva 1111111/1dol 1'0l'poS I'll I I' 'Ill elll 'olllUlo.o qU, 1'111 lilli' ",'so d' ,1"111111' lillill
2324 Neutra
I) 1"111 dls Irorrj'lal's d,ldllS nil Tab, I-I, as partieulas element ares pos-
11\'1110111"11.' '01110 POl' 'x '111110. Spill, vida media, modo de desintegra<;:ao, etc., I'/WIIU:III, IS
1I11 111n IIIlS 'onv m 'it{I-I;ls ;Iqui, 1 I I >t' dill,' 1(' Illl,' dl' SL'IIIi. ilL' '0111111'illl\'I1I(\ /, p'lId\'1I1 tlilil PI'I II II II I
II) IIII1SSIIS <IllS plIl'll 'IIIIIS s~o da leiS tomando-se como unitaria a massa do I It I I tll' 1111 I Iii \' '11/' I 1/, S '1'Iliido II ,,'i), 'I. (\lIINid 'I II 0 II 11111(I 111111111
II IllllI, I'()I' l' '111plo, um pr61 n 1 'm massa I 836, I maior que a massa do eletron Iii II Iii 1111, N', I vOlldi~'\ I',', II1llSIIIII' lIl1l'
(I), I 10 \ I I,), As 'lir liS 1III1116m sao dadas tomando-se por base a carga do
,1('111111,
IIi) ,'lliPI\' III' IIplir" 'I' 0 sinal (?) signif'icani que nao houve confirmar;ao (1/ /) II i I
IIH'I ill!L'111 d (hI 1'010, ( 1/11 II III ill i' 11:11
1
I
I
I
1,111'111 V'II I fOI'm:IS poss!Y'is pllrll qu' 111)) '01'10 riqll' '1'lri/,(Id,l, PIIS-
I
111111111 I I'~ 111
1111II Ii I 1111111,<il,IIIS,
IIIIII[
II I
q2x
f'""
m;o /)J
1.·1 ('111'1"111'II l'on':;1 'I'll' )st{lti 'a p I' unidadc de eomprimcnto entre dois
III 11'ltllIl'OS, 111uito Ion 'os, d' d 'nsidlld' lin 'III' de earga /t c It', unil'ormes, sabenclo
1111t II doL !'ios SilO I :lntl'l 11' ' distaneiados POI' rI mctros,
/1/1'
III'" tI
" dlldll 1I111i1listril ui<;iio es~'ri 'a d' 'ar 1<\ c1e raio R, sendo que a den-
J
e ",-
Itilidl VOltlill ,tl'i '[I d' 'ur a varia d' aeordo eom K 2 Determinar a carga
I'
1111II <I,' 11111Il 'misl"rio, Sill) 'n I) qu' I' ' UI11I1disliineia eontacla a partir do centro
till 1,1,'1 I, ))0 I' 'slIlllIdo oblido, 'studal' os casos-limitcs, Oar as dilllensoes c1as
11111lilli" I I' (I, GlI;1I11o val' n:
raio dll 'sl"rll qu eontcm a mctade da ear fll
1111 "'I
I
1. -1112.
a
1 (I 1)111,' P 'till '1l1lS 'sf'rllS, d' III 'SI110 material c n csmo pcso, esUio prcsas
1'111dill 110 tI", 'till 110m sm( p( nt( d' SliSP 'liS •.o. Quand se rornecem csr ras as
\ 1111 I ,I( II ''lI. il'lIlds 'Ill vulol' ' sinal, Os fios rormam cntrc si um ftllgulo ex. Dc-
tlilldll! \ 111\,,11 sp"lI'i'li do mUl'l'ial Ill' '()nSlilui as esfcras, sabend quc ()
II 111.,'1\111 () Iios II () mlldll qllllndo III' 'sf'ras sa l11ergulhadas elll quero:;en',
11'1111111 1 I p'(' lil'lI 'O,H /'111.1, A P "l'Inilividiidc e16lriea d querosene e "" 21:0, e
1'1',/111'\/" 1,(\ I ('Ill',
I / I )1It11111111110 I' 'Iilll"o d' 'olllpl'illl 'nto I, uniform "Ill 'nl" '111'1"Ildo,
111111 tllll did 'II tI, l' "K I /1, d' ,,'ol'do '(1111II I·'i . 1- , 'Itlt"lti II I 'omlo
1111
1111111till 11111, I, 111111111/11111II • VI Ilk d, 1111 "1111/I 1/ illilldil \'111(",11) ()III' II' ,tit ItlO
IrllIl III qlllllll" I 111111111 ~1IIIId' "OIlIJlIII Idll '0111 II " /I'
11/1 I ill I" /1'\/1', I lilli, III I 1111'III 11111, "I I 111111 I ( I ), ~~I I '111111111
1111 II,
111'1111111111 IIII~ I I'
111111 1)(1111111110
0 viol '1I11lHl II{'II II II (" 1111 ItllplI I" 11111111
iii 11111'11
Iii 1111'10 1111pO)1111, IlIlpl\\ 111\'1111',
"llIlpO (·I{'III,o 110 pOIIIII 111111111111
11111111II I'll 11(' I', ('01110 lido II '1'111(1(':111
1IIIIIl' 1/0111,,1'11II '111'11 I, PI'OV[I, I' II "OI'~'111I11' [Ill1ll sol 1'(' 1'1111'1l' '. 0 V('11111IIIIIpii
I It 11110, I' 1111\1 I lilt! ':1.11v'lo,'ilil '0111 liS 1" lIillll:S '111'11
'(('1'.1 i 'II, : 0 11111111"11
1
II "" 1/",/1/0' II di,' '~'ilo sedl [I d '1"0 '11\d' 1'0'
'OS 'Ill ido 1[11111 A tlllidlld, 1('111l'Iild I
dll I III'IHI (,I{,tl i' l 110 Sist '11111
1111'1'11l!'iollill dndll p'llI I' 'III~'(\O 'IItll' II 11I\ld III
II I' I' 1/0' isto ••• 11'wtOI1 por 'Old 1mb (NI '),
11I111HIIIIII'('1I10s II (rll ( 'on .• il d compo elilrico, que nos permitin't encarar I , I l'llI' II-I 's!' 1'( r '010 'lida 11111111l
1" ,110 ol1d' j{1 ' ist'l1\ oldl I ('Iii
I 111I~I' Ill' III' I~'do dc' I' 'plIlsliO 'ntr Car as Ictrica sob um novo ponto de vista. Ipl~1I '111110SI'n'1 (vejn 1I FI', ');1 SOlltll v '101'1111
dlls I'OI\'IIS qll' 'IHIII 1111111
d I
111111 '/lr In It no CSIXIQ . Ate uma delcrminada
III '1I10S 1I11111 distancia, contada II .1/, ,1/ • 1/\' 'x 'r", Mill 'mut; 'Ilm'nt " 1'1' '111ls 'nlt 0, vislo \I"' liS 'II II
II 1'1111/1d I ~'Il' II 1/, \I 1111
l<.jll 'r ull'iI CnP;1 ai colocada sofrer{l a. a<;ao de for<;a.s ele- II I' ,
1111tilt \"" PSsl I' vito qll' 'nv Iv a car i'l q denominamos de campo eJ(~trjco
(\II I I 1,'1, I), I ((jOlt I '/o /'"'I! 1/01/1)
/' I I 1',
4,(1' I' 01 I'l OJ. I' 0,1
'0 01 0 0,1
1111111'
/'111' /'0 '/'01 st 0 Os v '1'1401'
'14IISs0 'illd IS II 1'01,1'0 '1'0.1' '\" PlTl1 1I11111tl
\ ~PII", 10 ( II C I'C;II '/'11' lst{l[1 'n 101111-1111/0'
) I'l:PI' '14'11111 11I1IIldo 110 \111II dill
'111'111 I, ('III' 'liS 1/1,11 'If,\'
I
HI'
(1/
I'
t
/'
() I
I
II
I'
/'
0 I'
11/,
0\
'0 0I 0 0'
JiO ,
J:' linl
(/(1 ·0 1/0
Pllillililo
tWo
h'
till 0
(IIi 'illl 'lll0S oS 'I'll '[dos d' '111111os 'I"tl'i 'os '0111 11111'IIS0 hi, 111111'1IIIIpii
I tlq tll' till I. 'III' 'lIS l' 1 I'OSS' IIiI' '111
os '0111 'usos I1lllis Clllhol'lIdo •.,
dE = 4m;o /,2 e",
ill ('(1/1/11/1 1'1t:/1'I('(i /11/11/ 11111110 tlell/tlo (I tlI/IIS (' /1'11(lS 11I/l1I1/1)/'/I//'S
1I111'1111',110I'un 10, II 'xpl"ssD ('lIlIsid 'I' '11101'0 '(ISO "dllIlS 'ill' liS ~I'11'i 'liS, I, l' I , li,'pm" I 1111111 illl
(2- ) passa a ser ul11a integral. Entao, efetuando
iil 'f'1 1~'t10 II 'il1lll, 1:11'11101:1 :1 'ar Ta q,
)'11, -I, li •.IIII1!l'S (I , h, I' 'SP' 'livlllll 'III .. do pOllio 0, PI'O '\11'/11('1110,\' tI\1I111 II
\' Illl1H\ '1('ld '01111 01110 I', POl' sil11l Ii 'idll (', III I II iii ii' 'lllO, posilivlI I \1111 l'11/'1l
() (' 111'10 l'I"ll'i('o J:', no 10niO IJ, S'r(l
I~ I:' I I ,~ /' I
Ii 1 /I
I 1"\ " ,II po 'I!.t rico el11 A deviclo
I"' nos d{, 0 ',1111 it distribui9ao continua II,
tll III II
I' ,,
IH'l II,' '(II 'Idos d' '11111, os '1 'lric;os para c1i'tribui90eS discretas e continuas I
II I
I
tll \ II~' I, \'1 n'IUJn10S till' 'stlll11\S dianlc de UI11 procedimento que nos permite I
, ItI\ 1111111 1'01~'II lllll' 11I1I11S\' 1" 1I11111 ca rga deviclo <:'t presen9a de outras cargas,
(III d 11'1'I 1 Vlll1tll '111qu' s' IIprescnta Ilg 1"1,se ja tinhamos um modo de cal- I"~ urn lj () II
1'"
II
lltlill hll'II'j it' 1I11'[I~'1I0Oll I' 'flUlsDo 'I1tre os mCSI110Selementos atraves da lei de
'11111111111 ' illtrodlll;l 0 do novo 111'10 10 na ser~l, evidentemente, apenas a divisao
11111I1I1 I, ,~(I 1111 IIL'III'I' 'III, I 1'~lli 'al11 'nte, em simplifica<;ao alguma. Notamos ini-
tillll\IIII' Ill' III l' 'pI' 'I'll'll\) 'I',d do '/lmp cl6lrico, no calculos feltos, nao com-
II
I /I' (0, '
1111111 I II VIII( II ill' '/11, isto '., till 'u I' 'II de prov:!. t\ssim 'enclo, nesse novo processo,
11111111111111 I Iililividilitlidlid' dlls 'III' "as, ou SC.i'I, nao precisamos mais de dU<ls
\1 III 1'11111 II \,'tI'ldll, Ii IS II~'( 'S 1':1l rlll,::io Oll I' pliisao, onhecendo lima carga, IIti II "I I I'. II \'1 \11\' lilli' tI II 111 I dll\\' " I' 0 '11111111
"11 \ 11111111
"I
II \ 111111"1 11< 111I'\l Ii'\ ('III'II,~' 1I0S -"'ilm; pr( dllzid s POl' CSS/l car'<I no 'SPill,'\ IU II I" \ III' 11111
III () 1I11'1t1
III I" ,,' ('1 I
I IlItilll 1'11111111111110, II Willi' l'1I111J10e1"ll'i '0 nos d;1 s'mpr'
ill lilli'll 111\1 1111IlIlIllll iI(' 1111111'1'i 10 111'1'11111
11111111 1111/II 1'11'11 II I
II 1'1)1\'11
11(11Ilili Ilid'
(jIll' 110pOllio 'ollsid '1111\1III \I ,·~i III I
1111 II
J tit
1/
'I,
I,
I!,I/
I!I!'
1'111 11111P 1111 III~' I:' I'iqll~' '0l11pl'(:1111 'n(' d 'I 'rminndo, pr(;cisamos esp' 'il'i ':11' 0
'II Illlldo, qlll' sl'dl 0 dll dill on:II do p:,ralclo ramo I'orm:ldo POl' E, ' El,
111111111
111t1l' d' /' PlIrll II,
I'll \ '1Iil'11I:II' /':\, I 'v '1110S inl' 'nil' I), POI (III 'stllO <I' 1IIIplll'llhld •• I 1 II Itlil
II) ('11111/111 /II/III 111111111I' 1/'1'1111 1/ 1111/(/ lilli/O muilo IOIl?/(/ c(/l'l'eYCIda LlIli/e)/'lIl"II!!lIle
1111,'11I~'llo I' '1'1',l'fl'llIildll 'Ill 0, AnI's, POdlll, 1'llI\)l'Illlllo qu' Sl' 11111
I <I" 111111dl
111I1 1111'11101'
11111/1
lil1hll l\1uilo longa carre 'ada un if rmcmcnle, COI11 a quc II dllll~' 0 IIlliforll)' dt: 'III' II 1I d 'ilsidiid' lill 'UI' Ill' ('111'11 " dlldll Iltll
I 11I11II Id I III I,'i., _ " A lil1hll 'sl[1 'alrg;lthl com uma <.:arga Q, diSlribuida de
111111111
oll~I:IIII' II' lOll' I li' lolia (\ linlta, isl< " ad nsi lad linear de carga c cons-
111111,'( Ul'l '1111s 'ld 'llllll' 0 ':11111
() clClri '0 pro luzido p I' essa linha nUI11 I onto
/' ill Illdo d' 1111111
dis(il1 'ill (I d(\ linha.
1111"lidlll 'n(' s 'I' 'i, nllmos Ilill cl'mcnt dc comprimenlo dx da linha a ul11a
tli t 111(ill do lonll 0, , 'onsid 'ral1l0s 0 campo clementar produzido el11 P POl'
" lIll,' l'ol1l('111 1I11111'a I' 'li d , Ess' C:1I11pOe1cmcntar ser{1 dE, COI11 na Fig. 2-5.
111\11d,' 'Olillwr dE S' .undo duas dirc<; 'S, lima paralela ~l linha e oulra perpen- I' d,\ 'os Ii ,
'l-JLl:o ,.
tli 11111II ,III, 1(1'1'11I' 'omposi<;i1o nos dar{\ l' campo dE.., e dE.y onheceremos
tI IISl'l' I! dl!,
' ,.. , 1I11p\IIIIIII,III
\ III II, Ilh .•lllltilldll liS VltllIll'S tI' d l'llI ( 1 \) " 1:1I 'II( III I
111111'1'111"111,'
, III kilIO.
/- "'lIl1l1l'l'\""llOS E, ' Ii", Oils 'rv' u '()I'li till', d 'Yido :'t sim'tria do prot 1'111;1,:I
1IlIIlIHIII"IIll' Ii 11 II 'onll'ihlli pili'll 0 'IInlpo final. Isso pOl'qu', S' c )nsid rarl11()S, II I'll I! tlO,
1\/11:01/
/111l'lp, 1 , 11111
l,l 'Ill 'Ill I d\ Sill1 'I I'i '() 110 'S 'olhido Ilnt'riorm 'nt' '111I' '1a<;IIO :10
111111111
(}, ('I' 'IIIOS (Ill' os '01111on nl 's dE" 1" SO111
II 111,'nqll:lnio <iU ':IS 'om, onenl 'S ' I "f'
I'll
'/11, ,'1'1111'1'111111
110, plIl'('S, Porl[lllio pod'l11os 's'r'v'r, n'ss' 'II SO,
• f III
11111
I \'1 I II III I, ,'11111 Ijlll III
111111"
I I I II I'dill till "III'IIlI ,1('/11 0 110 1'i11110/' I \11111tli I III I II tI I Ii II II I 11111/I ('II 1'111I III) 1IIIIIIItlii 11111111111111\ pll II II V dllli tI I II I I /' I III 111111,Iii .II II
1\ l' Idll 1111111)1111'1111'111\', ( Iii) d'i 1111l'III, 0 111\')IIdll do 'iill'l0, dill'!,' 10 d .. 1" III II till tllillllill I /' (dl I 11\'11lit /' III I' 111111
tll) II~II tlo tI 1'"1(1), I III I,
11111'1"1 1'1'1 I' 'I P\'IIlII('lilll I" dil' 'I,'ilo till lilll1l, l' potl '1l10S \'~p' 'ili '(II' 0 s'lilidll 11/
dl Illtlll \111\' , 11'11.'111 (III lilllill Oil d' () plll'lI I'. (1/ )' 11/ I
1"1 11,1\' IIl1dlo Illrli '[dill' 'S, sOl11'nl ' C0l110 unla ilustraGao, dcixando 0 caso geral
I' II I II ('II p, I, q 1I11nt!o .i:'1 I 'I' 'n oS ~Iprcnd ido 0 potencial eletrico. 'iIIl'IIWI 1'10 '111lII(j ,1'11'1'0 111111\ pOllio 11111\11 dLI Il'i I I' do \1'11111 tli I I II till
l'lldlllrn,o, '{d ·,do;.; qu' ~'luar'I11Os ag ra scjam bastante simples, sac muito dlJ lIlli, 'I'i0 \'011111'1111 'Ill) , i) uill II II I' 'oll.'lilllll!l 101 ('1111II / \' I '1
1('111till Ill('> lull do 'nmJ1Ii, dildo I ill' ( I.) O. (jIlIIO. ,I'II\i'lllo 1111I 111111\'
111111111110,)1 int'r'ssanl' 'sludo 10 c<lmp cletrico de um dipolQ pOl' varias
I Ill,' 1/11111 d'iliS ' qll' S' Ir:lta dc um problcma bastante simples, de facil reso- 111 (I) dil "110 PlllltI'ltl 110 'ix 10 <lipolo. l' (h) N~'lIlid ) d' I / P 1111 II,
1111, III •• I ()I' isso, n~ 0 d 'V 'mos c1csprcdl-lo. Outra razao e que a ocorrencia de
, ',' /111/ Iii 'I,Wi:
dil"do, 1\I 11111111' '",~I ' 'r~lnde. P I' ex mplo, uma molecula e formada pOl' urn ion
I'" Ii 1110' 1111\lOll 11"ativo c, algumas vczc', pode ser encarada como urn pequeno ('illl i<lL'I'I'lllO,' IIlol'lI 11111Olltro 'lIi'lO. ) dipolo "0 III ',1110 dildo III) 111/111'1111
dIPI)li!, Y 'jttlll)S 'nlfio os Gasos particulares citados anteriormente. ('lilli, 1('1lIll' IIf 01'11PI'O '111'(11' 'nl()~ 'HI 'ld:II' I '1liliPO 'll'lrko 1\11111
IHlIlli) 11/1111111111
11111\0 Ii polo L'tdll (I ist II ·ill Illl '(;1111'0do 'iXll (1\) dipI 10 \' /', tll' III illdll 11111\
/1,' 1111' I'll ('11,1'(): ,,'II', I, N s. V 'IIS0,
'!IIINid 'I' '!l10S um dipolo formado pelas cargas -q e + q separadas de uma
tli I III 'III II, list, n 'jil oSsa 'hamada dc ei.\'o do dipolo. De acordo com a Fig. 2-6,
1111 III IIL'II10S '1Il'ul~lr 0 campo clctrico no ponto P, isto e, urn ponto sobre a reta
\111\'Ilil ','11 I ,I) I )nl0 m"di d cixo do dipole e perpendicular a ele, A distancia
till '1111'0tlo 'i 0 \0 di, I aO ponto P scr~1 /"
IIIIOS lislill'lIir, 'nl P, dois C'lmpos distintos: E+, que e devido it carga + q,
I I' ,II 'vido 1\'~lr a fl. Associarcmos ao ponto P a origem de urn sistema de
\ 1I111(I'I\II(1[1S 'IIrl"sianas relan yularcs; cntao podemos distinguir E+x' compo-
lil'lll\' 'LTlllldo 0 'ix cI s x dEl C E_x' componente segundo 0 eixo dos x de 'I
/1 ,I 'vido 1'1sim"lri:1 cia situaGao C f{ICil concluir que a resultante dos campos na 40111:1i I/' (11/ •• ) I
tlllt'l' 10 \' '. IlIda, isto •. Ii), = 0, E lyE y = O. Devernos, pois, calcular s6mente Ex:
I~' -E 1.1
-l E .1 , . I~
1111. 'III lid> lillo, :y 1111:0
J: I,; '., I I~ I
" I
t\11I
L"
I~ ,
I~ I COSoc,
I'; 'os oc,
E+ ~'--
E+xCt
I
P
E+y
x
/'; 1/
11111:0
I II' I
((1/_) I I" I (11/
I
)1 j I,
------- --------
E_xl \
'S 'I' 'v 'I' 1 ,
III 11110 tlI'II0lllilllllili I' 1-11'111111 Iilplllh II'" i' \ 1111III \ 1111
J: J~ I 'os / I \,
" / I II I I II lllIlIlli) "I-lllll d' Id\) III Ilpolo '1lIlId\'llIlo 1111III)d~ II dllil 1I1I ht
1'1111
\'1 IllIll,
II11
• I'll d \1
/.; I
1111:0 /,'
'/ •
'/
/ I
0
rx,
•
+{f
\111111)tlll\'
1111111 \ I
II I till \ 1\\) till tllPlll1I \' 1IIIIdil d\'
1111PI'IIII'I 11\111 11 I III) 1/ I \1"1
1/ 11111I I 1/
I' tll) IlIlpll Idtlldll,
1/ 11111111111 I tI I II II till 11111Ii) till II II till tllllllll IiI 111111111.11 1111111'11,lit 1 111111111
/,'
" III/Ii /
,I (lnl
11111
III 11111II dlllllil I tlrl dlplllll, I III ',1111111/ II NI I II II I'lltlllIlIl .I,
1'pllllill 1\1 1I111doI: 111111111111
IIj III 1 11111111 0 III II I 1\'111111111\1111
II 111'111\1II dl 11111111111111
I" 111111
1 dll (1
d 1111111 IH), 1(""0
Ilno
I
,.\
'I
1/1/
1 ( -17) ,,' /,'
1/
,..1 10 II,
4m:" M /I II'~',
• Ollll'
\III'
NI'II (i
'0111'lIhll
0, 'Ollll) nil I,'i,
UIIIII 'IU:IIII itl:id'
-10,
d'
S "'GiOIl
';11''(I tli/,
'1l10S 11111,I 'Ill '1110(Il- III '0
I':ss' \'1 'III '1110 pl'lIdll/,idl
d, d ii' plill
11111
IIIIIIIH\
f
II q (11('IIIt'O ,II: I onlo
1111 fI, S' '~'(llh '1'1ll0s /' 'oll100l'i 'Ill do NisI '11111
<I' 'IH1Id('1111II
II' ).turu -II l'III'sillllllN 1'\'11111
111111'
'~, pod 'I' '1ll0S pl'Oj'lllI' III: N 'I IIl1do dllllN dll '~'I I' 1111111
(1I1i 'i<l '111' '01110 ,j 0 dil 'spiril, d(lndo ,/I~,. l' oull'iI ~ 'lUlld I 111111
IIlIl'~'I\(\ 1ll'1II '\I
1111'111111
1'111111
'I'iol', dlll1<10 tlh'", POl' silll 'Irill, " r(l,il v 'I'il'i '/11' \illl' },;d'i\, () IIIPII
dl'Y '1I1l1~ 'ld'ld:II' s6 ilN '(lillrihui<; 'N S' ulldo II dil' '~'i\o \,
I' I I\OYII ~l'illl \ '/,:1 vetorial l' den mina-se de momenta e/etrico do dip%, Com
I II IIOY I d 'riniy( 0, os caml os calculados nos dois casos anteriores passarn a ser
I I I 110
!" ~ I 2p
- 4nl:o ,.3
111111'111
'IIIOS 11111'1111110'l'lri' unirorme como 0 da Fig, 2-9 e urn dipole colo-
111110III Il'j Ii 0 ol1d' , isl' I:d ';Iml 0 elctrico, Aparecerao em + q e -q for<;as iguais
(/"), IHII('I\I II' sillllis l'Ol1lr{lrios, 0 momento medlnico da for<;a F sera
rlU I
I
11111111111111111\\11"
II' 11\'111(10
~'()llI I 1I0SNII IIOIIIl;(I0 {/ x F, si 'niri 'a (l pl'odulO v'lo- 1
Illd III II lUll ,,', l'lIl\lllllllo 11\1' 0 PI'IHltllo 's'lIll1r II' doiN V'IOll' /I ' II s'r[l: \' /
/
/I /1 ( 1 jll II 111 I \11111 I I
1111111111111 I'. II 111111dl
111111111 I II I,ll dll I 111111111111111I' 111111II I I II dll 111111111
I h IIIIIIIHIIIIIII
/'"
'IlS
"'111:01'
r
.]"
ili/, dlill dlll'l,1 I"
II I III1IHI
111111111111111111'1111'
tile,
111111II I'I~II
PIIlIIII/IIII p ,I, \' II
dll
I ,11111111111tli/
1111,11'11111101111'1111'111111111011
II Iltl
dll 11111,11111111""
\ 11111' 11111'111011111111'1111'
tI"I' 1'111 ~IIIII'III" II II II" 1""11111111 "" d,I' 1""11111111"11
II I
1/11" jllil I II I dlllpll Illldl () 1I11\' 11',IIi1I:1 lilli' dl'll'lllIl" I dlllllll, III II tlldlllh II
'OS 1/
/'" r!l", 1'111 1I11'ldlllll.
47C1:() I'L
1'1111101111'1II 1':llllj)(I lill:" 11111I1I1II' I', tlL'V '111(1' illl\" 'r:1I II '~111I'~ 1)11,wilil" 111111
I' = (U2 I 2
11 )1/2, IIHIII', I" '1'111 '1IIi" Ii· \":11,'11 '1llllido,' 110 :111'I:
II 'os
Jt = 2nR' !Jm:ol' ,
"I
r ili/,
JI'
'I = 2nR~t.
ItaR
li.\ = 21: (I~'2 -I- (2)3/2'
0 I/l', IS ,"I
1111' 1Ii'I IIH'Hllilo do c~lInro no ponlo P, A dircc;ao ca do eixo da espira e 0 sentido (1'III:n I'
I) '(//11/111 /I"dr/I/ II II/II 1111('/ ('irell/III' IlIifll ill~'lliOS 11111,111110 inrinilO '111'1"'ndo 1I11irol'l11 'IllI'IIII' L'OIII \'111 II 1111111
1/,
'011, III '1'(;IIl\lS 11111IIn'l cir 'ular como 0 cia Fig. 2-11, possuindo uma carga 1'lIdll (jll' II dL'lIsidnd' SUI ·rI'i 'i:d d' 'ur ':I ('III' II POl' IIl1idlld' Ii, '1Il'II) I' \1111
1111111"I 10 ", II 'III' II 1/ S' disll'ibui unifol'lll 'III 'Ill' Pill' lodo 0 ,lillO, VIIIIII) d
1IIIId 1 1/ ~' d' ruio 1<. Qu 'I' '1l10S ,,,Icubr 0 campo e1etrico produzido pOl' esse
1 Iii II 0 (' IlIlpo l'I'll'i '0 prodll/.ido p'l( plll110 '111'1\'1\11<10JllIlII pOIIIII I' \111illIlIll
1111111 dLI II 'ill II dll disll'ihui~:IO, 'oli1o 1111I'i!" I,
() Ill('lodo IIdollido 1111'11[I I' 'SOIU,,'II\) do IIOSSO pl'ol 1'11111,1,,'1 0 d(' I' iI\ Itlil
11111111111"I"II'i('O
\ 1'111I'd 'vi(lo :I III" :111,I <!' 'sp ','Stll'lI 111< I' Illio 1111'dll\ I' 1'(l'ill
tlOIIlIl'llll', //0111111'11111,'
lo<!o.' \l.' :111"i •. l'illllid\),' liO plllllll, ,'1,1' 'Iilll '11111, ('111111,11111
1111'1
1'11'1111'111111
d, I pi 1I1l<I, (j II ' ('0111\' I (I I II llll 'III'), II "II, M Iii ' 1111111
V('/, {, (' III 1II 1\ III' d( III I
1111('1111dll plohl '11111.III1Ver'l'1 'Ollll'ihllil,'II() lip '11i1S P II 10 I'll II 'I ll) 1111 II II I 111111
rl1l'"
111111\11111' '11(j111111l( (jll' II, "':" \' 1111',I I III 'I' 10••• Pill-
111111,('111 ( '1),\111\'0 '1IIqltld('1I111 1I1'I,d'I(I, 1111 \'111111111111111,1111
IIl1dll pili
1/ (/,/
1/1111 II' I I II I \I
I III II I I I II 111111111111,1' III '\1111' II dl t//' \' III 111111 111111
II (j II I I 1/ "\' II tI tf I 11'1 \ I
fl
H"II IY rI ,
•• 1:11
"III dl'V\'IlIl) illl '/1'111 I'v 11110 elll '011111 liS dilll '11,'( l" /1111111111
dll JlIIIII) I III "
1'111 11'1 d ',Ndl' () IIll' III ' Hilldo,
()II "I V II' III' () I' 'slIlllido Ohlido illd'i 'Ild' dll disl II 'ill IlIlIk I' ,'11111111'I
I ,0
1111111'11, l' S '1IIJw' v 'rdild', d 'sd' till' II disl.lI 'ill OIHil- Sl" I"lIkldll (1 1'lllIlJlll \ II
ondl' (/1/ 'II 'II !'I II do un 'I ,1'111 'nlal' Ie espessura dR, sendo dS a area desse ane\.
"Ol'( I, 110(,'hI (k /III/illS dl' ./iJI'('(/ (llhl' 'Vi:II' 'nlllS 1.1',) I'oi inll'odll/,id I IH"II 111111111111
a tI"
cos IX =-, \111\ ill 111111/II Id I, ('11111 111/"1 II 1Ii1' '111'11 1I'IIlili I'll tI II III "" iiI I
I'
Ii "111111 I I II II 'lilli' II ii'
11111111'111 II (' I 1IIIId Ill' III 'II II I" I III IIilit III II II
com
r = (R2 + 0.2)1/2, illll, II ill II 1111 '\
Assim,
(/3
(1<2 1- (12)312 = I
11111111
III III II
'os' IX 1IIIIillitli iii 1111II Iii 11111Ii11 111111II
I'll 1III'rllllllllllllllili divo d I, 1.1',II'VL'III\H III Ilidl 11111'L'IIo V tlOI' 101ll'II1lL'I0
III II lilli' I' 01 I 1111111I1I1 IllIidlld, I OSllivlI d' 'III' II. 1'10 '\lIlli' '1liOS '0111:11' ) nlllll '1'\)
II, II IIIIl' Ii dL' IIllllt 1'111')II posil iVII, S ,1';', 'SS' I) 'ril 'rio, ('ollsid 'I' 'Ill os Lilli ';III1PO
I'll I'll II 'vidll II lllllli ClIl'fI,lI 1 fl. I 'ssa, d' II 'ordo 'Olll 0 ljll' I'oi dilo. s:lir; () linh:ls 1/ 'II
---7/\£
III Ill) I (\ I. VI'IIIi) 1I1~1111." ISpvL'llIS dll,s 111111
IS Ill' 11111,'11
1111111tlllllI \' I II 111'1111
./"
/' ...•••..
P
,. \
...
-i
~ox
'I ~ \
'1'1 t "1ll0s 11111:1 'sf"ra de ralo OP = 1'. com centro na carga + q. 0 campo
I~ = _1- q
4 m:o /:2
, I
I~ = 4
m:o
q,
.}) nl,dll llIais ',do Ill!: a valor campo clNrico produzido par uma carga
II ;1 11111;1disl; n ·ill unil~lria. De acordo com as." caracteristica das l.f.,
d 'nsi<.blk de I.r. = L Ilitl 10 1110 liL' I,' IIIlIIlIs dl' 1'01\'11 SI'II'III. 1'111 1I'IId, III v I' III \111', 1111111
4m:o
1'"11111 1I'IilIIIIII /1 till I' 'I I) till '1111'1\l 1'l'~lilllIllI' 11\\ Ill)lllll 1'\\11 111'111110 Ill\11 111111.11111'
I' II 1II',1I1I'I\) 101111 d, 1.1', (N) ljU' s;li de +q 6 iI 1\111111111 I 1'11111\.'111tll' 11111111,i1'11 111'1'1)11,'1Illl, 1III'IIlili 1111111,tI" 1111111
11111III i1.
11111'11, 111111111
tI Idll '1'/',1 \I, III1L' 1"'I)lI'~I'1111i1 'I I 1111111,tI., 101 'I II\' I II f Ii II 1'11111
IIt'lmero de I.r.
---- x area total, 1111111, tI\ VI'IIItl' \'011" '\' 'I \IN VIlI\lI,,, tI I, ('()II'1HIII 'Iii 'I L111 \'11111111\IIIlI 111\111111II,'
IIlli III I, d' {I1'!:;r perp nclicular its I.r. lit! 11)11 III
dy
19ex = dx
II' } /':1'
/"" 1\ '
II, ., IIndo ·ssus dUelS dir '<; ·S. Tc.:mos, imcdialamente, que 1111",
III' dl'
(/\ d\
Iltllll\
tI \'
Pili (llill"o Indo, no Iri. n 'lilo PQM, po Iemos
ell'
obler 0 declive cia curva:
I' "
I 'ex = I'dO
. I' 1\' .1''
I'
I ( II,
,
III I' III III
/':" ,. rill
I ~',. rll'
I~II I' rill '
II 'OS II
,.. \ rll'
ps'nll I'rllI
,.. \
NIIIII pl'llll'iro 'SIll io, I (demos suI lividil' os mal ria is em duas la 'ses:
,11,,'/"'111'1',\' , (/I"I/(/,./('(ls, Os I rim 'iros 1',. '11'n 'ssa denOll1inac;a.o devido ao ralo
II, Ilpll' \ Illlln'nl 1'lll1d I'll 'ili lad' parn lrans~ rCl1cia de earga no seu interior.
1'111 'I Ii II 1I1Vlliis SI 0 hOlls 'ondlllor's d' 'ar >HSel61ri 'as. (sso se deve a propri"
1 11111\11/1Ill, (1IoIIlOS 'll1slilllinl 'S dos 111'lais. N 51 S os Ibrons da (illimas
III hili II 1'1'ilill 'Ill' I'sio '{IV ,is's' ll10vim 'n(am mais u menos livremenle
111\111(\'11(11 do III 'I,d, tlss's "'[r( I1SSIO 'hullludos d' eld/I'ons /ivl'es. Os mal riais
d II I I I II II II 0 POSSLI'11\ ,I 'I rOils Iivr 'S. Esllldll I' 'mos os d ielc( rie 5 e m 111'1 ires
II I tlill 1111('lip.
1'1 II 'II Ill, II \'Xllillilllll' Itl lIllS 1':lIos 'on' 'rn 'Ill's ;\ elelrizac,:ao d UI11 111:1-
IIllltl \llllllllll1/ \' II \'IlIlS\'qli 'nl' distrilui<;t 0 (Jas 'ar'lIS c1ctrieas nos 111SI110S.
I hi 111'11111<I,' lido, pOI talllo, 0 'sill 10 dos Ii 'l'll'i 'os, POI' ora,
I,~j 1"111"'H 10 I'lIlos ' I 'rim 'nl;lis muilo sill1l I's que lem nS(l'al11 qu .• nos
Illi 1'\\lHIIIII\I\', 1I11111do 'a 1'1''pados, liS 'III' as '\ 'Irieas oeupal11 as posi<;o's
1,11'111111' (\1' I' 111111 '!'ill is, S' II 'In-s' dUllS d'ssns 'XI cricneias.
II) 111111IIH) 111111,li'l'lI II ',I, ~olldlllOI'II, doladil d' UI11 ol'il'icio, sobr' 1I111
111111111 I 111/1111(I 11111 (\1' \111' 1110 hilj I 11'IIlISr'I'~1l 'in I, 'nr ':IS). S' '\'lriZ;lrI11OS
II I III \ 11\111\\11111111\0 11111\' 111111111 I1l1sll)O\1'\I(I'O, 10'un(l0 II 'SI"I'[I p'l:I pill'l'
11111 III I \ \111111 11\ 1'1 I I H, 110 1\'111111111\0 III. 1,10, Vl'l'ili ':11''1llllS 11"" II 1111',1110
111'"11111111111111111
1'1111\1111110\ I 1110 lillI' 11 III 110 ,I' l'kllllill I 1 11\\11111111I
11111 \ 1111111 III 111\
II lillIl II 1'11'111/111;
II Illililllllll I II III hll I II II II 111/1\ 11 111111111111111
1111111\111 lid I, 11'1 I lid II dill 1t1'llIiskllll, p'III'illllll'III'lIdllll'IV'i 'I ',1"11 11111\'1111111
\ 0111 l'llp I jll1 iliv I" 1('Vlldl1 1'1. PII1\llIlld 1111' Ill' 111\1Il1lldull1l IIIIt 1111
1111111
11111II I I II), 'IIVlllv'IIIIIS II I' 1'1'11 'Olll 0, lI'lllisl",!'io, \' dl'lOI II 1\1\1\11 11('ullll (vl'll II 1,'11, 0), Nil 1'1)11l11l111l,IlpIIII'II'1 10 I I 11f' I lit 1II\IId I
111111111111 Illill'IIIIIO, \1"1' liS Ill'll\i, l"l'ios v,llIo '111"'1''lidos \' II I'SI"I'Ii li'llll'll. Iltil/ ItlllS, l'lldl) I dl', il\ Ii 1I('pllllvo 111111.
11111)(ill\ll, dll 01111 ( 1111/.1l1dl1 1111 III II
() 111111
tll' I l'IIIP/IS Sl' 10 'III i",11I' 'Ill 1111Sill '1'I'i 'i 'do 'Ol1dulol' " d 'vi 10 1'1 III till" I' illlVlo, IH1I11I1IIo, ljU' liS 'UI'PUS posilivils till \'011111111111,111' tllIlIll \I III
IIPllil1 1111'111111,
l'lllll' liS pn"!pl'ills VllI"ns l'll'll'i '1IS,l/U' S' (ll'lIsltllli unlit IllS 01111110, 1'1111111IlIlIi dislllllt's, I,i 011(\0 0 I'Ollti 111
111 l't 11'11'11II ('II II jlo ill II 1111111II
1111111Ijllllllill I os Iwl lilt' III ill ,il'l'111 IIl11it lisll'il Ui~'IJ(l d' '(Jllilihr'io, tli III, 1IIIIVl' do fio 'olltltllw' Ii Ildl1l'l 1'1111, 1'l'llOIlS \'0111' pl1lldl'IIII' III 11111111
II\Il I IlIlil!1 'It'll 1 'II, (IS 'lJ(')J,IIS Iml 'I'l\O s' l11ov'r, S" 101' 1I111111'io l/1Ii11111'I', '1111 I'll IIlv 1111
'Ill' dll PI'S '111,;11
do 'Oil 111101','Sll' Ii 'lIlI'l '0111l'II'1'I1S II' IIIIV 1 \ III \ II II
111\ItllI Itl, dlilldo, IIssilll, III '111'110 1'1' s' 'h:ll11i1 I' '01'1'('111' ('/,;11';('11, IU' S'I'(I (11111 d'llllI '1111"podo II' 1I1iVIl 1111'11
iL',
II 111111
11111 d 'I lihlldllill 'Ill' 11( '(lp, (1, 101' oull'O la 1 , H' nf!( h )UV '1' ':tmpo
I It 11110 IIpll'lIdo 110 inl'riol' do 'ondul )1', 'OilS' Iii 'nl '111'nl' n[lo hav'l'{l l1lovi
1111\111tll' 'II' os livl"s, A 1"'111')'(1 'v'rd:ld ,ira, lois, S' fiN ',,("liS nul11 con(\ulol
III I II 1111
1l'l'l'lI 1 l'sltlli 'liS, 'on 'llIil1los lju' 0 ':111110 'l'll'i '0 no interior Ie LUll 'Oil
()ilo 'III' 'liS pUlllifOI'II) 's, '11dll 1111)11
tll' I( (', 'siliO VOIO'lIdl1. 1111,VI'IIIII tli
tlull II " II,rlo, 111111',rllI) l'II10S la(\l)s 1~1I1 0 '01111dl1ll'nlo tI' 10 'III, A '111110 1'111111'11
I,ll lilt II 111I
11111'1'1111'0do 'uho ' (Il) 110 "nll'O I, IlInll dlls 1'II'l'S do 'lillo,
I'tllll\1 0, IIlwlldo, (JIll' 0 Iltln do sI'IItivlll'II10 " /< I'll I'll 'I 101 tll"1 n,11I1I11I1
dl, II il1l1\(III,
1111111'1111'
I IIlIdilllll 11111\11.11\
II 1111 1111111111
II
U "1'11,,111,
• 1/ '/:,1 1< 1
'()111I1\l11
'Ill'S 10 '111IJlO 'l'll'i '0 IlUIIII "l'lli I' Til 0 SIO dlld IS POI'
1i,1'
I(.,~ l.I'l)1/
Ii"
(,,2 -I- y2F2
I'I'OVIII' ljU' <IS linhas dc fon;a conslilucm uma familia dc circulos onccntri ·os
'0111 . '1111'0 na origcm,
,6 - Um campo eletrico e dado POI'
E=ix-.iy. 111111illl:1110S llillil Slip '1'11'i' S IUld/li 'I' Sillill III 1111111(1 I '~I 10 dll I' PII II Iliidl
Onl'r II cquac;ao da familia de curvas que representam as linhas de forc;a dc t:d I' I II Uill 'lIlllPO 'l'll'i'o I:, S 'I' 'ioll 'Ill OS, I'SSII sup 'I'li 'i', 11111 1'lVlllI'lilo d,' ~ III
'[1111 po.
I'" Il V'ISOI' I:i 11)I'llilil ;'t SU[)l:I'I'i·i· 110 POlliO I', 'Ol1l0 1111','i" \ I, ' III' 11111111 11111
Resposta, xy = c. II til\) /I 'Olll II dil' 'v:1o do '111111 () 110 IIl'SIllO I ()1110 I',
2.7 - Uma faixa infinita muito fina, de largura b, apresenta uma densidadl:
Sill crficial de carga (J. Calcular a campo eletrico num ponto P, no plano da faix;I,
s<lbcndo-se que a distancia do lado mais pr6ximo ao ponto Pee.
ll'llllldo rlS 110 V'I'SOI' ('", 1\'1''1110,' 11111V'IIlI I'" rlS, 1111lilli' II \'11 1I111111dll
pili rlS, ,UI dil'l'~'111l (, I II I 11011111,1
I 11111111 'III I', I' II \'lllidll I' 11dll 11111
111111,11111111
111111111
Pili I 101I d I • IIJll'l1 l'll', POI 'Oll~ 'Iltilll', II, II '11111 I 11\11110
1111111II 111111111111
III /- 1111/I 111'11III 1111II 11111\11 III lilli, I, I '" till I II 111111\111
111111
ill 1111\11 ill hlll,lI 11111111iI 111111"III I I 111111111 ,I,'
- ---- - -
~....
-..;::
=:::.:""
--
?~::.,,::=- :-
= ..= ~.- :.. :::
--
::... .•.
:""-=-=.-
7.. _
--
=..~ -= ~~ ~
- ::; -=.=
~=-~ - -- ~-
::...
- z
z
:-
:: ::;. -="-
z
?"-
:..
:::-
:::
- :.
c
-
:: ~
~ c
c: :r
~ -:::
c
;; c
~ E .... :::
:.> 8 -
-- -::
-
• =-
I
I
/
/
./
-----_.-/'
:.,.. ~ = =-
=-
-
~ z
::: :~ C.
.:..
/
./
/
""--------
o
E
'"°c
E '-
o ::;
E '"
3-0
::;
:r. C
~
-0 :=
:r.. z
o
c
C C
- ,::
:.J
z ..
c.::
:; --z
>:..< =
3 -::;~
- ?=-
_ z
- -~ ~
::;
z -
:..,
-
::- c..
> ~ ~.~
_ x :--
:::...:= >
~ "'J =-=
:;.: ?-- ~ :J
x: :::;
=."=
=.:=
~~ -
::: -::::
::;
--
:.,..=:z ...~
7..
- :::
:::
z
?::
=-
- --
:..
~
z
:.. ::....
::.
j: - :
-£ :...
z.~.=:.....-z:
z
I 11111 I III II 11111,III I I I II, II I III II III dll I Ii II ilil
11111'1111 III IIlII 1IIIIIId
II Ii lilt 1111
lilt
N I 111111111'11
'I 1111I1Sii:II, l' 'Olllllill 0 OPUI" 'illl 'Ilto d' 'l'I'IIlS '111idlldl'
111111111111111111
O/II'I'lItllIl'I'S, 11111op'l'odol' liplirc 'l' 'om) L1111slmholo illtli 'ulivo (II'
1111111
111111111 1I11i\llli1l tI(, 01 1'1i1;(CS till' d 'V 'm H '" r'tdizudlls sohI" L111111II 111'10,
1111111
111111,'
II, 11111vI'I 01', I,ll', POl' ' '1l1plo, 0 Illlnl'I'O pod's 'I' '1I'lIl'lIt!O '01110
11111IIIH I Idol,
,'I'll 1111111
pllilldl'/ll II qllulq\l "', ()II(llldo 'S 'I' 'v 'mos (I, si 'l1ifi 'II IU' 0 0Pl'
I Idlll '111111 Idll I qllllll(ldll(!l- 1/ hll 11l.'1I0 S'II Vldol', I ) 111'smo 111)do, os siml 010
III 1I1I \ II pOdl'll1 Hl'l illl 'I'pl' ,tudos 'Olll\) ( P 'I'lldor 'S qLl " qlllin 10 III Ii ',ldOH II
11111 II Iilil lillldllll('I', Ii 0 \1111 "1'10 I1lll1l '1'0, Iss() sill1ifi 'U qu' 'os, '11 'urHdo 'OIlIO
11111IIpl'l Idell, 1l1lllSl'oll1l1l 11111 11 ulo IlUI11 I1lll11 '1'0, P< d 'mos illl 'I'pr 'Ial' '01110
D {)
simbolos '"
0'
' '"
OJ!
nv av'" tI;:,
'"
(1\
tI \ 1J~
II 1IIlIII'IiIIVO, dv 0P'I'IIC,'( 'S qu' d'v'l'l( sl:I'I",dizlllas: d 'I'ivac;iio pa I' 'i;d 'Ill
11'11111III' d ,I \', d' '1'1I11dl' ill1pol'l. n'ill, ' qu' dt 0 'om I' sulllldo as l:l1lidlid ",
11111,II I ( ,\', ), I (',S' 111010,
/1'1/1/1"/1/1', (/1"1'1'1/1'/11'111
' l'o/lIc/ol/lIl, 1)111''mos II S' uil' 1I d'rinic;iio d' cadll (111111
Iii III , IH'III I'llllill ,1111 illll'l 1'1''llIc,'[ 0 Iisi'lI,
1111111
I' 111110, ('Oil, idl'!' Illdo J' ('llll~I:1I111', III JlI , II' 'III d\' /' 1'1111111111[lllllhi
I) () I//'II(/ll'/I/t'
iii'
1111111, n, I ,lilli,
'I'll I 1'(\, \', ) Ulllll I'IIIH,'[ II 'sl'ldlll' d' POlito, ('hUI11;1I11()S I- 'I'lidillll(l'
I n I ,/ iJ,I' I k
n:: '
III I I) Illd I 111111
• VI (0 1[111'\'11'11111110
I' 1111qli\,11 () lillll11, I' I I () l' (II n, II [lllllllllil
lilll till 1IIIIIll 1 1I1111dll 11111Willi, 1)lIdll (I I'UII~'1I0 's '1I1~11'11(\, \".) '1"lUlIlllO, I tlldl! IIldll, 'PIlIlIllI' I 1'111 HI IH'I [l'lldlllllllll' 'lilli' I
lit 11\ Id I JlIIIIIII dl' I 111111,'
10 1(,lllliYIIIIlI'IIII' II \, \' I' ~, ' 0 r'S\t111Ido " 1I1\11(lpll 11111\1111 dill 11111' V I, lIlil I' Jl 'I [l 'lldll'ld II I 1I[l'llll d
lid" I 'JlIIII 111111111
pili ./1'1,111110, III'IV'S dll IlIli'Il~'11l dool '1Ildili Illhlll, dllildl! I It "I lIlli' !\lIH III II II 1I11'Idllill I Il l'lllldll dl VI, II
II III 1111111
III1Il I 111111,
II I I till d' pOllio I ( ,I', ) 110 ,'(or J'ldi 1111'dl' I, 1[111, IIqll\ III 1111111111111 dill 1111/11111111
/111111"11
/11111
111\, III VI 1111) I IlII I Id I 1111111-'/11111111
11111Iltllllllllll lit iii II I'll jllll 1111 111111"" 11111111,
I 'I III 11111\II I' I P II 1111II 1 ' Iii
11111 I 11111
11111
Id II I 111111
\ I jlll Ii II IP II ill I' Id II 1IIIIIIIIIIII'j 111111111 'dtlll I II Iitl qlll II II 11111
III 11I11 1111
Ijlll jllldlllill Ii 1\ 1111\111\1 II I, III 111111111
jlll! 111111
dl I I I III I 1 11111
III
::. :...
- :.,. :....=
z ;-- -.z
....
=
z Z :.."z
E;::-:=
--7-
-~
~ =
E 7-
>"1:)
o .. ~
E
o
--~ .
:: - ::.
- - ~
::
~
--
-
=- - :... ?"-
>
:." ::.,..
--~
:7>
-2
>-= - ~
2 - :;;-
:::
~ c.
= ~
E <'.J
:=: ~ ~ =
:::< ~
~
>-
:: = :...
::: ..=:-
::;
= ;:-
:r 2
'C..-:::
~
-
"lltllI 11II 11/1111111\111
IlIlt 11111 I) 1111111qllt "II IlwlIl dl 11111Vt illl tllll\lIlIlll 1111111
Iii 111111 lip II 1 ,'lllIldll J I lid I 1111111 iI dl d VlllllIl I till 11111 I 1IIIIIIdi
III \ 111111111
11111111111
11\II 11111111\ ,n, NI' I \ II do '11111111 11'11\ II ", II 1111111111
V, (IIV II) (IV' V II (V II)' (V JI), (\ .'d) "II d \ II III I I 111111II I II III 1111
11111
•
V, (VV lJ) VV' V (/ (VII)'(VU), I\ I )
(\ I
(f; Ii, tiS ( 'Ii) tll~
"lilIII I lido ) Ill' (\ IJ ),
8 .,'f
(I 1/) V, (UVII), V,VU I (VV)·(VU) UV,VV (V ). (V II), 11111111Illdo \llll, P II I 111111di II ihllil,' 0 1'0111 1I111 d{ 1'1111-1
I, II hi dt (11111
JI V, (IIVU) V' (UVV) I Ih: == J' VV· VU UV' VIII dr. (3-4(1)
1'\ 11110 i IlIdlll' 0, '!Indo
J8
III -1I1111
() d' (\. 0) '(11110 'lIlido 111111111111
lit II
1111111111
\ III 0:
11111111111110 () IlIl'llIhi'O" 011 III 11101', ulltllllS illl'~ I' tis 1'110 I lh Itl 1 10 III 11111
I 1111
111111111 lillli\ 1(10 POI'S, 'oll'llIfmo, 1I1i 0, illk I'udo. lip I 11111, I III I,
1:11
(\ 1\7) , 0 till'S' d '1I01Hil111 d' ('01' 'I11tl d' 1" 'n. Ul11a oulra forma dCHSl:
1111 'Illl'lI'IIIl}, !'i"j '11111'111'0 I"sliltildo (\ 4\11,1\\1 "'III, II 11'1 tllll'II'I/I'11/1 rll' UI/II
illl'llIll '. l'OIlSl: lIidll u IlIrtir dB ·xpr '1'11'1;
0 ( -44)1 sOl11cnlc,
111111 lit! 'I'IOIIII'lIll' qll' II diwIll'lltil1 Ik \1111 Vlll\lI' '1111(' 1'111110 Iltl II 1'111
d
lIl1' UlllIV'S,1I
(', 1'lIll1PO
1'000l,'t\,lIli V, It
,INri
11111(1n'rtll
d'i
'0, poll
0 ,n'IIIIl'I'O
Il'}i 0,
'1"11101 (llillllll,
L11' Ilillll
'1'1111111111111111
d\
I 1111
11l1l;1t
pll'lll(lo °I 01' mil dll div'l' 'II ·il\ 110 prim'il'O III '111bra d' (3-48), islo " '11" "/111111" 11111111
1'('1'1(1 1" i 0, (HI <jIll' ", IIi", pOl' IIl\idlldl till VOlliIlH' I 0 IllIdlt
J J
11111 ( dll <jIll' I (!I'll i ludl' dl lillhu' L11' l'on,'l qlll' •• 11/"1" 1111Ill'i 0 1011 Itl\ I Idll
>
- =
3
>r ::
~ = -=.
=>~=-=
-
= 'l
I -"2'
I (2 -I- Y l -I- z ) .1/ I (, I \I I •. ) 1/ I' II
jilill 111111111 dl d II III I,
1 j ,IS .I:(
-I- k[- ~ (x2 -I- y2 + Z2)-3/2 2Z}
Ii 1\ 11/11, I II
A I
11 ')1' I)"
= -(ix + jy + kz)(x2 + y2 + Z2)-3/2,
V'A I .. I , J
/'
,.
:x + :z) 1/1' N 'II II (/,. iii 1/((1,
V' A = (i j :y
Ax = sen y,
OZ
(iAx + jAy + kAz),
t1J
[" r
_0
(/Ifl
,0
, 11 Ii (/()
r0
1'01 ill',
Ay = 0,
Az = 0,
V·A = 0,
poi1> sen y nao depende de x.
3) Dado 0 campo vetorial definido por Ex = 2, Ey = 5 e Ez = 0, determinar
V x E.
I1111III111 dllil "(Ibl' II dl1l'llidl P 10 pOlliO (0.0) f (1,0) f (1,1) ~ (0, I) 1(0.0)
E = iEx + jEy + kEz, 1IIIIId 111111 N () d ,dll 11\ 111 11'0,
= i2 + j5 11/111 1111
V x E -__ 1------"-
(OEz ---x
OE") +1. (OE OEz) +k (OE"
---"--- OEx). III II111dll ('0111() dido, do pl'ollil 1111dl'V(ll1l() (' tI(',illli 0 II III dllo 1\' d/llill
oy oz oz ox ox oy
111II I 111\ 1\11\ 1\ dI II 'i(-It'li it 11iO II I III II t I" ~, \ 0, () 11111 tllIll I I"
I II J. ,", III
.=-=
-
-
~ r,
~
:J _
z
:-
~
-
~ - -
::;;-
::
::;
-'- --
:::. z.
~ ~ :=
== ~- ~..