Switched-Capacitor/Switched-Inductor Structures for Getting Transformerless

Hybrid DC–DC PWM Converters

Abstract

A few simple switching structures, formed by either two capacitors and two-three
diodes (C-switching), or two inductors and two-three diodes (L-switching) are
proposed. These structures can be of two types: ldquostep-downrdquo and
ldquostep-up.rdquo These blocks are inserted in classical converters: buck, boost,
buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic. The ldquostep-downrdquo C- or L-switching
structures can be combined with the buck, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic converters
in order to get a step-down function. When the active switch of the converter is on,
the inductors in the L-switching blocks are charged in series or the capacitors in the
C-switching blocks are discharged in parallel. When the active switch is off, the
inductors in the L-switching blocks are discharged in parallel or the capacitors in
the C-switching blocks are charged in series. The ldquostep-uprdquo C- or L-
switching structures are combined with the boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Zeta, Sepic
converters, to get a step-up function. The steady-state analysis of the new hybrid
converters allows for determing their DC line-to-output voltage ratio. The gain
formula shows that the hybrid converters are able to reduce/increase the line
voltage more times than the original, classical converters. The proposed hybrid
converters contain the same number of elements as the quadratic converters. Their
performances (DC gain, voltage and current stresses on the active switch and
diodes, currents through the inductors) are compared to those of the available
quadratic converters. The superiority of the new, hybrid converters is mainly based
on less energy in the magnetic field, leading to saving in the size and cost of the
inductors, and less current stresses in the switching elements, leading to smaller
conduction losses. Experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.

Dynamics of multilevel inverter based series compensator for transmission lines

Abstract

Series VAr compensators are proving to be a viable alternative to shunt

compensators for enhancing power transmission and distribution capability. This
paper proposes a compensator structure based on a multilevel cascade of single-
phase inverter bridges that can be coupled to the transmission system without
transformers. The individual bridges are switched at very low frequencies resulting
in high efficiency and are fed from independent self-controlled DC buses.
Advantages of the chosen series compensator include low injected voltage harmonic
distortion and fast response to changes in the compensation level. Gating and
control schemes are discussed. Results are obtained by simulation using MATLAB
power system block set. The results are satisfactory
resonance conntact less energy transfered with improved effiency

This paper describes the theoretical and experimental results achieved in optimizing
the application of the series loaded
series resonant converter for contactless energy transfer. The main goal of this work
is to define the power stage operation
mode that guarantees the highest possible efficiency.
The results suggest a method to select the physical parameters (operation
frequency, characteristic impedance,
transformer ratio, etc.) to achieve that efficiency improvement. The research
clarifies also the effects of the physical
separation between both halves of the ferromagnetic core on the characteristics of
the transformer. It is shown that for
practical values of the separation distance, the leakage inductance, being part of the
resonant inductor, remains almost unchanged.
Nevertheless, the current distribution between the primary and the secondary
windings changes significantly due to the large
variation of the magnetizing inductance. An approximation in the circuit analysis
permits to obtain more rapidly the changing
values of the converter parameters. The analysis results in a set of equations which
solutions are presented graphically.
The graphics show a shift of the best efficiency operation zone, compared to the
converter with an ideally coupled transformer.
Experimental results are presented confirming that expected tendency....

Boost derived DC-to-AC converter with zero voltage switching

In this paper, we present a single-ended DC-to-AC converter with zero voltage

switching and output isolation. It is a current fed converter
having variable frequency control to get symmetrical regulated AC output. The
transformer provides electrical output isolation.
Two switches operating in complementary fashion control the operation of the
converter and provide transformer core resetting.
The resonance of the parasitic capacitances with the magnetizing inductance of the
transformer and output side inductor causes
zero voltage switching for both switches in order to reduce switching losses. The
output has an LCC resonant tank circuit which
controls the power flow and shape of the output AC voltage. Steady state equations
are presented and basic circuit operation is explained.
Simulation results verifying the theoretical waveforms are also presented....
Current-sharing control technique for interleaving VRMs using intercell
transformers..

Abstract

Parallel converter architecture using intercell transformers is one of the most

adapted architecture for low-voltage,
high-current and fast transient power conversion applications. Interleaved buck
converter with intercell transformers
main interest is the current ripple reduction in each converter arms which is not
the case with non-coupled inductor architectures.
As a consequence, current constraints on switches and inductors are less severe and
lower Joule losses are obtained leading
to a higher efficiency. This paper highlights a fundamental limitation for those
interleaved converters using intercell transformers.
A differential current error through transformer causes flux drift and can lead to
magnetic core saturation. In case of temporary
control failure, arm currents get back to proper balance with a very slow dynamic
response. State-space study allows us to calculate
arm current transfer function and deduce the differential current time constant.
Finally, a stability study with standard filters is presented
and a proper current-sharing loop regulator filter is proposed in order to speed up
system return to equilibrium.