ASSIGNMENT
NO3
OF
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
ORGANISATION &
ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED BY
KETAN SOOD
VARUN KATOCH
E3801
B53
BC
A-MCA
Ans:
the instruction format is of 16 bits and 1 bit is used for addressing mode I,3 bit is used for the
operation code(opcode) and the remaining 12 bits is depend upon the opcode encountered.
15 14 12 11 0
0 111 address
15 14 12 11 0
0 111 address
When opcode=111 and I=1 thein it is input output instruction.
Q2. Why is micro programmed control better than hardwired? Identify some situations when
hardwired is preferred.
Ans. It is well known that most computers today are micro-programmed. The reason is basically
one of flexibility. Once the control unit of a hard-wired computer is designed and built, it is
virtually impossible to alter its architecture and instruction set. In the case of a micro-
programmed computer, however, we can change the computer's instruction set simply by altering
the microprogram stored in its control memory. In fact, taking our basic computer as an example,
we notice that its four-bit op-code permits up to 16 instructions. Therefore, we could add seven
more instructions to the instruction set by simply expanding its microprogram. To do this with
the hard-wired version of our computer would require a complete redesign of the controller
circuit hardware.
Another advantage to using micro-programmed control is the fact that the task of designing the
computer in the first place is simplified. The process of specifying the architecture and
instruction set is now one of software (micro-programming) as opposed to hardware design.
Nevertheless, for certain applications hard-wired computers are still used. If speed is a
consideration, hard-wiring may be required since it is faster to have the hardware issue the
required control signals than to have a "program" do it.
Q3. Show the contents of E, A, Q and SC during the process of division of two binary numbers,
10100011 by 1011.
Ans:-
Here Divisor B=1011 BC =0100 which is Complement of B
C
B +1=0101
E A Q SC
E=1 1 1001
E=1 1 0111
E=1 1 1001
Neglect E
A: 1001
Q: 1110
Q4. Show that adding B after A+B+1 restores the original value of A. What should be done with
end carry?
Ans:-
A +~B + 1 performs:
A + 2n – B = 2n + A – B
adding B:
(2k + A – B) + B = 2n + A
remove end-carry 2n to obtain A.
here the 10’s complement method is used for bcd subtraction.and if sum is greater than 9 than we
add 6(0110)