Brian Streit

Math 2451

Section 5.3 Selected Solutions

1. (a) The region is given as y-simple since 0 y x2 and 0 x 1.

However, upon sketching our region we see that it is also x-simple and it is
therefore a simple region. We compute
2
Z1 Zx Z1 Z1
2 x3 1 1
dydx = yjx0 dx = x2 dx = j0 = :
3 3
0 0 0 0

(b) The region is given as y-simple but it is also x-simple so it is simple. We

compute
Z2 3x+1
Z Z2
x2 5
dydx = (x + 1) dx = + xj21 = :
2 2
1 2x 1

(c) The region is simple. We compute

x
Z1 Ze Z1 Z1
y2 x e2x 1
(x + y) dydx = xy + jey=1 dx = xex + x dx
2 2 2
0 1 0 0
Z1 Z1 2x
e 1
= xex dx + x dx:
2 2
0 0

But if we let u = x and du = ex dx then du = dx and v = ex so integrating by

parts gives us
Z1 Z1
xex dx = xex j10 ex dx = 1:
0 0

Also
Z1
e2x 1 e2x x2 x1 e2 5
x dx = j0 =
2 12 4 2 2 4 4
0
so x
Z1 Ze
e2 1
(x + y) dydx = :
4
0 1

1
(d) We see that the region is simple and we compute
2
Z1 Zx Z1 Z1
y 2 x2 1
ydydx = j 3 dx = x4 x6 dx
2 x 2
0 x3 0 0
1 x5 x7 1 1
= j = :
2 5 7 0 35

2. (a) We compute
2
Z2 Zy Z2 Z2
x3 2 y6
2
x + y dxdy = + yxjyx=0 dy = + y 3 dy
3 3
3 0 3 3
y7 y4 27 24 37 34 7895
= + j2 3 = + + = :
21 4 21 4 21 4 84
(b) Since
x for x 0
jxj = ;
x for x < 0
we may compute

Z1 Zjxj Z1 Z1
x+y jxj
e dydx = ex+y jy= 2jxj dx = ex+jxj ex 2jxj
dx
1 2jxj 1 1

Z0 Z1
= 1 e3x dx + e2x e x
dx =
1 0
1 3x 0 1
x e j 1 + e2x + e x j10
3 2
1 1 3 1 3
= 1 e + e2 + e 1
3 3 2 2
1 1 5
= e 1 + e2 + e 3 :
2 3 6
(c) To compute
1
2 2
Z1 (1 Zx ) Z1 1
dydx = 1 x2 2
dx
0 0 0

we could use trigonometric substitution. Let x = cos so that dx = sin d

2
and
Z1 1
Z2 1
Z2
1 2
x 2
dx = 1 cos 2 2
sin d = sin2 d
0 0 0

Z2
1 cos 2 sin 2 2
= d = j = :
2 2 4 0 4
0

Or we could use geometry and observe that the set

1
0 y 1 x2 2
;0 x 1

describes the portion of the unit disk in the …rst quadrant. We let D denote
the unit disk so that
1
2 2
Z1 (1 Zx )
A (D)
dA = = :
4 4
0 0

(d) We evaluate

Z2 cos
Z x Z2 Z2
1 2 1
y sin xdydx = y sin xjcos
y=0
x
dx = cos2 x sin xdx
2 2
0 0 0 0
1 1
= cos3 xj02 = :
6 6
(e) For m; n > 0 we compute

Z1 Zy Z1
xn+1
n m
(x + y ) dxdy = + xy m jyx=y2 dy
n+1
0 y2 0

Z1
y n+1 y 2n+2
= + y m+1 y m+2 dy
n+1 n+1
0
y n+2 y m+2 y 2n+3 y m+3 1
= + j
(n + 1) (n + 2) m + 2 (n + 1) (2n + 3) m+3 0
1 1 1 1
= + :
(n + 1) (n + 2) m + 2 (n + 1) (2n + 3) m+3

(f) We compute
1
2 2
Z0 2(1Z x ) Z0 1 2 3 2
xdydx = 2 x 1 x2 2
dx = 1 x2 2
j0 1 = :
3 3
1 0 1

3
 3. Without loss of generality, assume the circle is centered at the origin.
Let
D = f(x; y) 2 R2 : x2 + y 2
r2 g:
p
Observe 2 x2 and below by
p that D is bounded above by the graph of y = r
y= r 2 2
x where r x r. Since D is y-simple, the area of our circle
is p
ZZ Zr rZ2 x2 Zr p
dA = dydx = 2 r2 x2 dx:
p
D r r 2 x2 r

Let x = r cos so dx = r sin d and = when x = r and = 0 when

x = r so
Zr p Z0 p Z
2
2 r2 x2 dx = 2 r2 cos2 r sin d = 2r jsin j sin d :
r 0

But sin 1 when 0 so jsin j = sin and

ZZ Z Z
2 2 2 1 cos 2 sin 2
dA = 2r sin d = 2r d = r2 j = r2 :
2 2 0
D 0 0

11. We …nd the volume of a region W inside the surface z = x2 + y 2 and

between z = 0 and z = 10. We observe that
p p p p
z x2 y z x2 ; z x z and 0 z 10

expresses W as an elementary region. Therefore

p p p
ZZZ Z10 Z z Zz x2 Z10 Z z p
V (W ) = dV = dydxdz = 2 z x2 dxdz:
p p p
W 0 z z x2 0 z

p p
We let x = z cos so dx = z sin d and
p
Z10 Z z p Z10Z
p p
2 z x2 dxdz = 2 z z z cos2 sin d dz
p
0 z 0 0
0 10 1 0 1
Z10Z Z Z
= 2 z sin2 d dz = 2 @ zdz A @ sin2 d A :
0 0 0 0

4
We …nd
Z10
z2
zdz = j10 = 50
2 0
0

and
Z Z
1 cos 2 sin 2
sin2 d = d = j = :
2 2 4 0 2
0 0

Therefore
V (W ) = 2 (50) = 50 :
2

12. Suppose our solid cone S is positioned with its circular base or radius r
centered at the origin in the xy plane and its vertex at the point (0; 0; h). Let
D denote the disk of radius r in the xy plane, centered at the origin. We see
from similar triangles that
h z r0
=
h r
for 0 r0 r and 0 z h so that

r0
z=h 1
r
p
for 0 r0 r. But r0 = x2 + y 2 for some (x; y) 2 D so
p !
x2 + y 2
z = f (x; y) = h 1
r

and ZZ p !
x2 + y 2
V (S) = h 1 dA:
r
D
p
We use a change of variables to write 0 = x2 + y 2 r, 0 2 , and
dA = d d so that

Zr Z2 Zr 2
V (S) = h 1 d d =2 h d
r r
0 0 0
Zr 2 2 3
r2 h
= 2 h d =2 h jr0 = :
r 2 3r 3
0

We will justify this change of variables in Section 6.2.

5
 14. Yes, because of the linearity of the integral coupled with the observations
'(b)
Z
that f (x) is constant as a function of y and g(y)dy is constant as a function
'(a)
of x.

15. Since D is y-simple and f (x; y) = f (x; y) for (x; y) 2 D we have

ZZ Zb '(x)
Z Zb '(x)
Z
f (x; y)dA = f (x; y)dydx = f (x; y)dydx:
D a '(x) a '(x)

Let u = y so du = dy then

Zb '(b)
Z Zb Z'(x) Zb '(x)
Z
f (x; y)dydx = f (x; u)dudx = f (x; u)dudx:
a '(a) a '(x) a '(x)

Now let u = y so that

ZZ Zb '(x)
Z Zb '(x)
Z
f (x; y)dA = f (x; y)dydx = f (x; y)dydx
D a '(x) a '(x)

so that ZZ
f (x; y)dA = 0:
D