 1807 - 1824 ended the

Spanish and
Portuguese rule over
Mexico, Central
America, South
America and created
independent Latin
American nations
 Spanish Bourbon
reform act brought
colonists together
against monarchy
 Spanish king took all
economic holdings
from Latin American
Catholic Church
 While the Napoleonic
Wars precipitated the
movement for
independence in
Spain’s American
colonies, they delayed
its outbreak in the
Portuguese colony of
Brazil
 The tide in the war for
independence now
turned in Bolívar’s
favor
 Independence
brought many
changes
 Most Latin
Americans paid
little attention to
politics
 Most growth was
due to the trade of
goods to the rest of
the world
 New countries went
through many
philosophies to
establish own nation
 What worked for
some didn’t work for
others and leaders
changed often
 All countries except
Guatemala
developed with
liberal reform
without the strong
Catholic Church
 With independence
from Spain, Britain
wishes to take over
Latin America
starting with
economic trade
 British business
involved itself with
every aspect of Latin
American economy
except politics
 WWI stalled British
influence and WWI
ended it
 Without European
money Latin American
countries struggle to
define governments
 Cities grew rapidly
while farmers grew
poor
 Vast economic
differences between
races
 Latin American
governments crashed
as result of British
economic collapse
 1820 - 1824 provincial
Gauchos defeated
Buenos Aires residents
and Argentina
fractured into pieces
with no central
government
 1826 brought a truce
and elected Rosa as
governor/president/di
ctator
 Rosa joins other
nations to conquer all
Latin America in the
Great War 1839-1852
 Most of the southern
South American
colonies of Spain,
including Argentina,
Chile, and Peru,
fought their wars of
independence
 These wars were
lead by the
influential military
leader and politician,
Jose de San Martin,
(known as "the
Liberator" in
Argentina)
 The territory known today as
Argentina was part of the Spanish
Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata
and its capital city was Buenos
Aires. It was ruled by a viceroy
appointed by the Spanish Crown
and guarded by the Spanish royal
army. Part of the conflict between
the settlers and the crown can be
traced to the traditional, full
prohibition of trading with all
countries except for Spain
 The Argentine War of Independence
was fought from 1810 to 1818
 Argentine forces under Manuel
Belgrano and José de San Martín
fought against royalist forces loyal
to the Spanish crown.
 On July 9, 1816, an
assembly met in San
Miguel de Tucumán,
declared full
independence with
provisions for a national
constitution.
 On 26 July 1822, San
Martín met with Simon
Bolivar at Guayaquil to
plan the future of Latin
America
 This is considered to be
the conclusion of the
Argentine War of
Independence