H-2

Example H.1a W-shape Subjected to Combined Compression and Bending

About Both Axes (braced frame).

Given:
Verify if an ASTM A992 W14u99 has sufficient available strength to support the axial forces and moments
listed below, obtained from a second order analysis that includes P-G effects. The unbraced length is 14 ft and
the member has pinned ends. KLx = KLy = Lb = 14.0 ft

LRFD ASD
Pu = 400 kips Pa = 267 kips
Mux = 250 kip-ft Max = 167 kip-ft
Muy = 80.0 kip-ft May = 53.3 kip-ft

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3

Try a W14u99

Take combined strength parameters from Manual Table 6-1

LRFD ASD

0.886 1.33 Manual

p = 103 kips at 14.0 ft p = 103 kips at 14.0 ft Table 6-1
1.38 2.08
bx = 3
at 14.0 ft bx = 3
at 14.0 ft
10 kip-ft 10 kip-ft
2.85 4.29
by = 103 kip-ft by =
103 kip-ft

Check limit for Equation H1-1a Check limit for Equation H1-1a
Pu 400 kips Pa 267 kips Manual
= = 0.354 = = 0.356 Table 4-1
Ic Pn 1,130 kips Pn / :c 751 kips
Pu Pa Section H1.1
Since > 0.2, Since > 0.2,
Ic Pn Pn / :c
pPu + bxMux + byMuy M 1.0 pPa + bxMax + byMay M 1.0

§ 0.866 · § 1.33 ·
¨© 103 kips ¸¹  400 kips ¨© 103 kips ¸¹  267 kips

§ 1.38 · § 2.08 ·
¨ 3  250 kip-ft  ¨ 3 167 kip-ft 
© 10 kip-ft ¸¹ © 10 kip-ft ¸¹
§ 2.85 · § 4.29 ·
¨ 3  80.0 kip-ft  ¨ 3  53.3 kip-ft 
© 10 kip-ft ¸¹ © 10 kip-ft ¸¹

= 0.346 + 0.345 + 0.228 = 0.927 M 1.0 o.k. = 0.356 + 0.347 + 0.229 = 0.931 M 1.0 o.k.
Manual Table 6-1 simplifies the calculation of Specification Equations H1-1a and H1-1b. A
direct application of these equations is shown in Example H.2.
 H-3

Example H.1b W-shape Column Subjected to Combined Compression and

Bending Moment About Both Axes (braced frame)

Verify if an ASTM A992 W14u99 has sufficient available strength to support the axial forces and moments
listed below, obtained from a second order analysis that includes second-order effects. The unbraced length is
14 ft and the member has pinned ends. KLx = KLy = Lb = 14.0 ft

LRFD ASD
Pu = 400 kips Pa = 267 kips
Mux = 250 kip-ft Max = 167 kip-ft
Muy = 80.0 kip-ft May = 53.3 kip-ft

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3

Take the available axial and flexural strengths from the Manual Tables

LRFD ASD
at KLy = 14.0 ft, at KLy = 14.0 ft, Manual
 Pc = IcPn = 1130 kips Pc = Pn/:c= 751 kips Table 4-1

at Lb = 14.0 ft, at Lb = 14.0 ft, Manual

 Mcx = IMnx = 642 kip-ft Mcx = Mnx /: = 428 kip-ft Table 3-10

Mcy = IMny = 311 kip-ft Mcy = Mny /: = 207 kip-ft Manual

Table 3-2
Pu 400 kips Pa 267 kips
= = 0.354 = = 0.356
Ic Pn 1,130 kips Pn / :c 751 kips
Pu Pa
Since > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a Since > 0.2, use Eqn. H1.1a
Ic Pn Pn / :c

Pr 8§M M · Pr 8§M M ·
+ ¨ rx + ry ¸ M 1.0 + ¨ rx + ry ¸ M 1.0
Pc ¨
9 © M cx M cy ¸¹ Pc ¨
9 © M cx M cy ¸¹ Eq. H1.1a

400 kips 8 § 250 kip-ft 80.0 kip-ft · 267 kips 8 § 167 kip-ft 53.3 kip-ft ·
+ ¨ + ¸ + ¨ + ¸
1130 kips 9 © 642 kip-ft 311 kip-ft ¹ 751 kips 9 © 428 kip-ft 207 kip-ft ¹
8 8
= 0.354 +  0.389 + 0.257  = 0.929 < 1.0 = 0.356 +  0.390 + 0.257  = 0.931 < 1.0
9 9
o.k. o.k.
 H-4

Example H.2 W-Shape Column Subjected to Combined Compression and

Bending Moment About Both Axes
(by Specification Section H2)

Given:
Verify if an ASTM A992 W14u99 shown in Example H.1 has sufficient available strength, using
Specification Section H2.1. This example is included primarily to illustrate the use of Specification Section
H2. KLx = KLy = Lb = 14.0 ft

LRFD ASD
Pu = 400 kips Pa = 267 kips
Mux = 250 kip-ft Max = 167 kip-ft
Muy = 80.0 kip-ft May = 53.3 kip-ft

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3

Geometric Properties: Manual

W14u99 A = 29.1 in.2 Sx = 157 in.3 Sy = 55.2 in.3 Table 1-1

Calculate the required flexural and axial stresses

LRFD ASD
Pu 400 kips Pa 267 kips
fa 13.7 ksi  fa 9.18 ksi 
A 29.1in.2 A 29.1in.2
M ux 250 kip-ft § 12 in. · M ax 167 kip-ft § 12 in. ·
f bw ¨ ¸ 19.1ksi  f bw ¨ ¸ 12.8 ksi 
Sx 157 in.3 © ft ¹ Sx 157 in.3 © ft ¹
M uy 80.0 kip-ft § 12 in. · M ay 53.3 kip-ft § 12 in. ·
f bz ¨ ¸ 17.4 ksi f bz ¨ ¸ 11.6 ksi
Sy 55.2 in.3 © ft ¹ Sy 55.2 in.3 © ft ¹

Calculate the available flexural and axial stresses from the available strengths in Example H.1b

LRFD ASD
Ic Pn 1,130 kips Fcr Pn 751kips
Fa Ic Fcr 38.8 ksi  Fa 25.8 ksi 
A 29.1in.2 :c :c A 29.1in.2
Ib M nx 645 kip-ft § 12 in. · M nx 431kip-ft § 12 in. ·
Fbw ¨ ¸ 49.3 ksi  Fbw ¨ ¸ 32.9 ksi 
Sx 157 in.3 © ft ¹ :b S x 157 in.3 © ft ¹
Ib M ny 311kip-ft § 12 in. · M ny 207 kip-ft § 12 in. ·
Fbz ¨ ¸ 67.6 ksi  Fbz ¨ ¸ 45.0 ksi
Sy 55.2 in.3 © ft ¹ :b S y 55.2 in.3 © ft ¹

As shown in the LRFD calculation of Fbz above, the available flexural stresses can exceed the
yield stress in cases where the available strength is governed by yielding and the yielding strength
is calculated using the plastic section modulus.
 H-5

Calculate the combined stress ratio

LRFD ASD
fa f f fa f f
+ bw + bz M 1.0 + bw + bz M 1.0 Eqn. H2-1
Fa Fbw Fbz Fa Fbw Fbz

13.7 ksi 19.1 ksi 17.4 ksi 9.18 ksi 12.8 ksi 11.6 ksi
+ + = 0.998 < 1.0 + + = 1.00 o.k.
38.8 ksi 49.3 ksi 67.6 ksi 25.8 ksi 32.9 ksi 45.0 ksi
o.k.

A comparison of these results with those from Example H.1 shows that Equation H1-1a will
produce less conservative results than Equation H2-1 when its use is permitted.

Note: this check is made at a point. The designer must therefore select which point along the
length is critical, or check multiple points if the critical point can not be readily determined.
 H-6

Example H.3 W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Tension and Flexure.

Given:
Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 14-in. nominal depth to carry nominal forces of 29 kips from dead
load and 87 kips from live load in axial tension, as well as the following nominal moments:

MxD = 32.0 kip-ft MxL = 96.0 kip-ft

MyD = 11.3 kip-ft MyL = 33.8 kip-ft

The unbraced length is 30 ft and the ends are pinned. Assume the connections are made with no holes.

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi Table 2-3

Calculate the required strength

LRFD ASD
Pu = 1.2(29.0 kips) + 1.6(87.0 kips) Pa = 29.0 kips + 87.0 kips
= 174 kips = 116 kips
Mux = 1.2(32.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(96.0 kip-ft) May = 32.0 kip-ft + 96 kip-ft
= 192 kip-ft = 128 kip-ft
Muy = 1.2(11.3 kip-ft) + 1.6(33.8 kip-ft) May = 11.3 kip-ft + 33.8 kip-ft
= 67.6 kip-ft = 45.1 kip-ft

Verify that a W14u82 has sufficient available strength

Geometric Properties: Manual

W14u82 A = 24.0 in.2 Sx = 123 in.3 Zx = 139 in.3 Sy = 29.3 in.3 Table 1-1
Zy = 44.8 in.3 Iy = 148 in.4 Lp = 8.76 ft Lr = 33.1 ft Table 3-2

Calculate the nominal gross tensile strength

Pn = FyAg = (50 ksi)(24.0 in.2) = 1200 kips Eqn. D2-1

Note that for a member with holes, the rupture strength of the member would also have to be
computed using Specification Equation D2-2.

Calculate the nominal flexural strength for bending about the x-x axis

Yielding limit state

Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(139 in.3) = 6950 kip-in = 579 kip-ft Eqn. F2-1

Lateral-torsional buckling limit state

Lb = 30.0 ft

Since Lp < Lb M Lr, Equation F2-2 applies

 H-7

Calculate lateral-torsion buckling modification factor

From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14, without considering the beneficial effects of the tension Section H1.2
force. However, Cb may be increased because the column is in axial tension.

Pey
S2 EI y 
S2  29,000 ksi  148 in.4  327 kips
2 2
Lb   30.0 ft 12.0 in./ft  
LRFD ASD
Pu 174 kips 1.5Pa 1.5 116 kips
1 1 1.24 1 1 1.24
Pey 327 kips Pey 327 kips

Cb 1.24 1.14 1.41

ª § L - Lp · º
Mn = Cb « M p -  M p -0.7 Fy S x  ¨ b M Mp
¨ L - L ¸¸ »»
Eqn. F2-2
«¬ © r p ¹¼

ª § 30.0 ft - 8.76 ft · º

Mn = 1.41 «6950 kip-in. - 6950 kip-in. - 0.7  50 ksi  123 in.3 ¨   ¸»
© 33.1ft - 8.76 ft ¹ ¼
¬
= 6550 kip < Mp therefore use:

Mn = 6550 kip-in. or 545 kip-ft controls

Local buckling limit state

Per Manual Table 1-1, the cross section is compact at Fy = 50 ksi; therefore, the local buckling Manual
limit state does not apply. Table 1-1

Calculate the nominal flexural strength for bending about the y-y axis

Yielding limit state

Since W14u82 has compact flanges, only the limit state of yielding applies.

Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy Eqn. F6-1

= 50 ksi(44.8 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(29.3 in.3)

= 2240 kip-in < 2344 kip-in., therefore use:

Mny = 2240 kip-in. or 187 kip-ft

 H-8

LRFD ASD
Sections D2
Ib = It = 0.90 :b = :t = 1.67
and F1
1200 kips
Pc = ItPn = 0.90(1200 kips) = 1080 kips Pc = Pn / :t 719 kips 
1.67
545 kip-ft
Mcx = IbMnx = 0.90(545 kip-ft) = 491 kip-ft Mcx = M nx / :b = 327 kip-ft 
1.67
187 kip-ft
Mcy = IbMny = 0.90(187 kip-ft) = 168 kip-ft Mcy = M ny / :b 112 kip-ft 
1.67

Check limit for Equation H1-1a

LRFD ASD
Pr Pu 174 kips Pr Pa 116 kips
0.161  0.2 0.161  0.2
It Pn It Pn 1080 kips Pn / :t Pn / :t 719 kips

Therefore, Equation H1-1b applies

Pr § M rx M ry ·
¨  ¸ d 1.0 Eqn. H1-1b
2 Pc © M cx M cy ¹

LRFD ASD
174 kips § 192 kip-ft 67.6 kip-ft · 116 kips § 128 kip-ft 45.1 kip-ft ·
¨  ¸ d 1.0 ¨  ¸ d 1.0
2 1080 kips  © 491 kip-ft 168 kip-ft ¹ 2  719 kips  © 327 kip-ft 112 kip-ft ¹

0.874 < 1.0 o.k. 0.875 < 1.0 o.k.

 H-9

Example H.4 W-Shape Subject to Combined Axial Compression and

Flexure

Given: Select an ASTM A992 W-shape with a 10 in. nominal depth to carry nominal axial compression
forces of 5 kips from dead load and 15 kips from live load. The unbraced length is 14 ft and the ends are
pinned. The member also has the following nominal required moment strengths, not including second-order
effects:

MxD = 15 kip-ft MxL = 45 kip-ft

MyD = 2 kip-ft MyL = 6 kip-ft

The member is not subject to sidesway.

Solution:

Material Properties:
ASTM A992 Fy = 50 ksi Fu = 65 ksi

Calculate the required strength, not considering second-order effects

LRFD ASD
Pu = 1.2(5.00 kips) + 1.6(15.0 kips) Pa = 5.00 kips + 15.0 kips
= 30.0 kips = 20.0 kips
Mux = 1.2(15.0 kip-ft) + 1.6(45.0 kip-ft) Max = 15.0 kip-ft + 45.0 kip-ft
= 90.0 kip-ft = 60.0 kip-ft
Muy = 1.2(2.00 kip-ft) + 1.6(6.00 kip-ft) May = 2.00 kip-ft + 6.00 kip-ft
= 12.0 kip-ft = 8.00 kip-ft

Try a W10u33

Geometric Properties:
W10u33 A = 9.71 in.2 Sx= 35.0 in.3 Zx = 38.8 in.3 Ix = 171 in.4 Manual
Sy= 9.20 in.3 Zy = 14.0 in.3 Iy = 36.6 in.4 Table 1-1
Lp = 6.85 ft Lr = 12.8 ft Table 3-1

Calculate the available axial strength

Commentary
For a pinned-pinned condition, K = 1.0. Table
C-C2.2
Since KLx = KLy = 14.0 ft and rx > ry, the y-y axis will govern.

LRFD ASD Manual

Pc = IcPn = 253 kips Pc = Pn/:c = 168 kips Table 4-1
 H-10

Calculate the required flexural strengths including second order amplification

Use “Amplified First-Order Elastic Analysis” procedure from Section C2.1b. Since the
member is not subject to sidesway, only P-G amplifiers need to be added.

Cm
B1 Eqn. C2-2
1  DPr / Pe1

Cm = 1.0

X-X axis flexural magnifier

Pe1
S2 EI x 
S2  29,000 ksi  171in.4  = 1730 kips
Eqn. C2-5
2 2
 K1 Lx   1.0 14.0 ft 12 in./ft  
LRFD ASD
D = 1.0 D = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = 1.02 B1 = 1.02 Eqn. C2-2
1  1.0  30.0 kips /1730 kips  1  1.6  20.0 kips /1730 kips 

Mux = 1.02(90.0 kip-ft) = 91.8 kip-ft Max = 1.02(60.0 kip-ft) = 61.2 kip-ft

Y-Y axis flexural magnifier

Pe1
S2 EI y 
S2  29,000 ksi  36.6 in.4  = 371 kips Eqn. C2-5
2 2
 K1 Ly   1.0 14.0 ft 12 in./ft  
LRFD ASD
D = 1.0 D = 1.6
1.0 1.0
B1 = 1.09 B1 = 1.09 Eqn. C2-2
1  1.0  30.0 kips / 371kips  1  1.6  20.0 kips / 371kips 

Muy = 1.09(12.0 kip-ft) = 13.1 kip-ft May = 1.09 (8.00 kip-ft) = 8.76 kip-ft

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the x-x axis

Yielding limit state

Mnx = Mp = FyZx = 50 ksi(38.8 in.3) = 1940 kip-in or 162 kip-ft Eqn. F2-1

Lateral-torsional buckling limit state

Since Lp < Lb < Lr, Equation F2-2 applies

From Manual Table 3-1, Cb = 1.14 Manual

Table 3-1
 H-11

ª § Lb - L p · º
Mnx = Cb « M p -  M p -0.7 Fy S x  ¨ » M Mp Eqn. F2-2
«¬ ¨ L - L ¸¸ »
© r p ¹¼

ª § 14.0 ft - 6.85ft · º
 
Mnx = 1.14 «1940 kip-in. - 1940 kip-in. - 0.7  50 ksi  35.0 in.3 ¨  ¸»
© 21.8 ft - 6.85ft ¹ ¼
¬
= 1820 kip-in. M 1940 kip-in., therefore use:

Mnx = 1820 kip-in. or 152 kip-ft controls

Local buckling limit state

Per Manual Table 1-1, the member is compact for Fy = 50 ksi, so the local buckling limit state Manual
does not apply Table 1-1

Calculate the nominal bending strength about the y-y axis Section F6.2

Since a W10u33 has compact flanges, only the yielding limit state applies.

Mny = Mp = FyZy M 1.6FySy Eqn. F6-1

= 50 ksi(14.0 in.3) M 1.6(50 ksi)(9.20 in.3)
= 700 kip-in < 736 kip-in., therefore

Use Mny = 700 kip-in. or 58.3 kip-ft

LRFD ASD
Ib = 0.90 :b = 1.67 Section F2
Mcx = IbMnx = 0.90(152 kip-ft) = 137 kip-ft Mcx = Mnx/:b = 152 kip-ft/1.67 = 91.0 kip-ft
Mcy = IbMny = 0.90(58.3 kip-ft) = 52.5 kip-ft Mcy = Mny/:b = 58.3 kip-ft/1.67 = 34.9 kip-ft

Check limit for Equation H1-1a

LRFD ASD
Pr Pu 30.0 kips Pr Pa 20.0 kips
= = 0.119, therefore, = = 0.119, therefore Section H1.1
Pc Ic Pn 253 kips Pc Pn / :c 168 kips
use Specification Equation H1.1b use Specification Equation H1.1b
Pr §M M · Pr §M M · Eqn. H1.1b
+ ¨ rx + ry ¸ M 1.0 + ¨ rx + ry ¸ M 1.0
2 Pc ¨ M cy ¸¹ ¨ M cy ¸¹
© M cx 2 Pc © M cx
30.0 kips § 91.8 kip-ft 13.1 kip-ft · 20.0 kips § 61.2 kip-ft 8.76 kip-ft ·
+¨ + ¸ +¨ + ¸
2(253 kips) © 137 kip-ft 52.5 kip-ft ¹ 2(168 kips) © 91.0 kip-ft 34.9 kip-ft ¹

0.0593 + 0.920 = 0.979 M 1.0 o.k. 0.0595 + 0.924 = 0.983 M 1.0 o.k.
 H-12

Example H.5a Rectangular HSS Torsional Strength

Given:
Determine the available torsional strength of an ASTM A500 Gr. B HSS6u4u4.

Solution:

Material Properties:
ASTM A500 Gr. B Fy = 46 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Manual
Table 2-3
Geometric properties:
h b Manual
HSS6u4u4 = 22.8 = 14.2 t = 0.233 in. Table 1-11
t t

Evaluate wall slenderness to determine the appropriate critical stress equation

h b h
> , therefore, governs.
t t t
h E
b 2.45
t Fy

29,000 ksi
22.8 b 2.45  61.5 therefore, use Eqn. H3-3
46 ksi

Fcr = 0.6 Fy = 0.6(46 ksi) = 27.6 ksi Eqn. H3-3

Calculate the nominal torsional strength

Tn = FcrC = 27.6 ksi (10.1 in.3) = 278 kip-in. Eqn. H3-1

C = 10.1 Manual
Table 1-11
Calculate the available torsional strength

LRFD ASD
IT = 0.90 :T = 1.67 Section H3.1
ITTn = 0.90(278 kip-in.) = 250 kip-in. Tn/:7 = 278 kip-in./1.67 = 166 kip-in.

Note: For more complete guidance on design for torsion, see AISC Design Guide 9, Torsional
Analysis of Structural Steel Members.
 H-13

Example H.5b Round HSS Torsional Strength

Given:
Determine the available torsional strength of an ASTM A500 Gr. B HSS5.000u0.250 that is
14 ft long.

Solution:

Material Properties: Manual

ASTM A500 Gr. B Fy = 42 ksi Fu = 58 ksi Table 2-3

Geometric properties:
D Manual
HSS5.000u0.250 = 21.5 t = 0.233 in. D = 5.00 in.
t Table 1-13

Calculate the critical stress as the larger of

1.23E 1.23  29,000 ksi 

Fcr = 5
= 133 ksi Eqn. H3-2a
5
14.0 ft (12 in./ft)
L §D· 4
 21.5 4
D ¨© t ¸¹ 5.00 in.
and
0.60 E 0.60  29,000 ksi  Eqn. H3-2b
Fcr = 3
= 3
175 ksi
§D· 2  21.5 2
¨ t ¸
© ¹

However, Fcr shall not exceed 0.60 Fy = 0.60(42 ksi) = 25.2 ksi, therefore, Section H3.1

Fcr = 25.2 ksi

Calculate the torsional shear constant

Manual
C = 7.95 in.3 Table 1-13

Calculate the nominal torsional strength

Tn = FcrC = 25.2 ksi (7.95 in.3) = 200 kip-in. Eqn. H3-1

Calculate the available torsional strength

LRFD ASD
IT = 0.90 :T = 1.67 Section H3.1
ITTn = 0.90(200 kip-in.) = 180 kip-in. Tn/:T = 200 kip-in./1.67 = 120 kip-in.

Note: For more complete guidance on design for torsion, see AISC Design Guide 9, Torsional
Analysis of Structural Steel Members.
 H-14

Example H.5c HSS Combined Torsional and Flexural Strength

Given:
Verify the strength of an ASTM A500 Gr. B HSS6u4u1/4 loaded as shown. The beam is
simply supported with torsionally fixed ends.

wD = 0.460 kip/ft applied 6 in. off centerline

wL = 1.38 kip/ft applied 6 in. off centerline

8.00 ft

Solution:

Material Properties:
Manual
ASTM A500 Gr. B Fy = 46 ksi Fu = 58 ksi
Table 2-3
Geometric properties:
h b
HSS 6u4u4 = 22.8 = 14.2 t = 0.233 in. Zx = 8.53 in.3 Manual
t t Table 1-11

Calculate the required strengths

LRFD ASD
wu = 1.2(0.460 kip/ft) + 1.6(1.38 kip/ft) wa = 0.460 kip/ft + 1.38 kip/ft
= 2.76 kip/ft = 1.84 kip/ft

wu l wa l
Vr = Vu = Vr = Va =
2 2
2.76 kip/ft  8.00 ft  1.84 kip/ft  8.00 ft 
= 11.0 kips = 7.36 kips
2 2

wu l 2 wa l 2
Mr = Mu = Mr = Ma =
8 8
2 2
2.76 kip/ft  8.00 ft  12 in./ft  1.84 kip/ft  8.00 ft  12 in./ft 
8 8
265 kip-in. 177 kip-in.

wu le wa le
Tr = T u = Tr = T a =
2 2
2.76 kip/ft  8.00 ft  6.00 in.  1.84 kip/ft  8.00 ft  (6.00 in.)
2 2
66.2 kip-in. 44.2 kip-in.
 H-15

Calculate the nominal shear strength

h = 6.00 in.2 - 3(0.233 in.) = 5.30 in.

Section G5
Aw = 2ht = 2(5.30 in.)(0.233 in.) = 2.47 in.2

kv= 5

Calculate the web shear coefficient

h k E 5(29,000ksi)
= 22.8 d 1.10 v = 1.10 = 61.7 therefore, Cv = 1.0 Eqn. G2-3
tw Fy 46 ksi

Vn = 0.6FyAwCv = 0.6(46 ksi)(2.47 in.2)(1.0) = 68.2 kips Eqn. G2-1

Calculate the available shear strength

LRFD ASD
Iv = 0.90 : v = 1.67 Section G1
Vc I vVn = 0.90(68.2 kips) = 61.4 kips Vc Vn/: v = 68.2 kips/1.67 = 40.8 kips

Calculate the nominal flexural strength Section F7

Flexural yielding limit state

Mn = Mp = FyZx = 46 ksi(8.53 in.3) = 392 kip-in. Eqn. F7-1

Flange local buckling limit state

b E
= 14.2 < 1.12 = 28.1 therefore the flange is compact and the flange local buckling Table B4.1
t Fy Case 12
limit state does not apply.

Web local buckling limit state

h E
= 22.8 < 2.42 = 60.8 therefore the the web is compact and the web local buckling Table B4.1
t Fy Case 13
limit state does not apply.

Therefore Mn = 392 kip-in., controlled by the flexural yielding limit state.

Calculate the available flexural strength

LRFD ASD
Ib = 0.90 : b = 1.67 Section F1
Mc I bMn = 0.90(392 kip-in.) = 353 kip-in. Mc M n /: b = 392 kip-in./1.67 =235 kip-in.

Take the available torsional strength from Example H.5a

Tc = ITTn = 0.90(278 kip-in.) = 250 kip-in. Tc = Tn/:7 = 278 kip-in./1.67 = 166 kip-in. Ex. H.5a
 H-16

Check combined strength

LRFD ASD
2 2
§ Pr M · §V T · § Pr M · §V T ·
¨ + r¸ + ¨ r + r¸ d 1.0 ¨ + r¸ +¨ r + r¸ d 1.0 Eqn. H3-6
© Pc M c ¹ © Vc Tc ¹ © Pc M c ¹ © Vc Tc ¹

§ 265kip-in. · § 177 kip-in. ·

¨0 + ¸ ¨0 + ¸
© 353 kip-in. ¹ © 235 kip-in. ¹
2 2
§ 11.0 kips 66.2 kip-in. · § 7.36 kips 44.2 kip-in. ·
+¨ + ¸ +¨ + ¸
© 61.4 kips 250 kip-in. ¹ © 40.8 kips 166 kip-in. ¹

=0.948 < 1.0 o.k. = 0.953 < 1.0 o.k.